Falstaff (rocket)

Falstaff was a British sounding rocket used during the 1970s as part of the Chevaline programme to improve the penetrability of the Polaris nuclear missile. It was the largest UK rocket with a solid booster ever launched.

Falstaff
FunctionResearch rocket
Country of originUnited Kingdom
Size
Height5.3 m (17 ft)
Diameter92 cm (36 in)
Mass5,090 kilograms (11,220 lb)
Stages1
Capacity
Payload to {{{to}}}
Launch history
StatusRetired
Launch sitesWoomera Test Range
Total launches8
Success(es)7
Failure(s)1
First flight1 October 1969
Last flight4 April 1979
Type of passengers/cargoPenetration Aids Carrier (PAC)
stage
Maximum thrust240 kilonewtons (54,000 lbf)
Burn time37 seconds

Polaris

The Falstaff was part of the Chevaline programme to improve the Polaris programme.[1][2] The Penetration Aids Carrier (PAC) was capable of maneuvering a Falstaff rocket and dispensing missiles.[2] According to John Pitfield, the PAC was launched in 1969, 1975, 1976 and 1978.[2]

Since the Australian government at the time was not in favour of nuclear weapons, the testing of the Falstaff vehicles on Australian soil had the potential to cause embarrassment. The details of over 4000 launches from the Woomera Range are still not fully released.[2]

Before the revelation that the Falstaff rockets were part of a nuclear program, anti-nuclear campaigners in Australia had believed that testing ended in 1963.[1][2]

Design

The Falstaff with the Stonechat Mk 2 booster was 5.3 m (17 ft) long and had a diameter of 92 cm (36 in). It weighed 5.09 tonnes (5.01 long tons; 5.61 short tons) of which 4.34 tonnes (4.27 long tons; 4.78 short tons) was solid propellant.[3] It delivered an average thrust of 240 kilonewtons (54,000 lbf) during 37 seconds.[3]

A launch on 1 October 1969 used the Stonechat Mk 1 booster.[3]

Launches

The Falstaff was launched eight times between 1969 and 1979 at Woomera, Australia, seven of which were the Mk 2 variant.[3] There was one failure, on 23 April 1978.[3][4] All the launches were from the Woomera Test Range in Australia,[3] 500 kilometres (310 mi) north-west of Adelaide.

Date Site Vehicle Result
1 October 1969 Woomera Mk.I Successful launch
9 May 1975 Woomera Mk.II F0 Successful launch
19 February 1976 Woomera Mk.II F0 1 Successful launch
23 May 1978 Woomera Mk.II F1 Vehicle failed
15 September 1978 Woomera Mk.II F2 Successful launch
5 December 1978 Woomera Mk.II F3 Successful launch
14 February 1979 Woomera Mk.II F4 Successful launch
4 April 1979 Woomera Mk.II F5 Successful launch

Commemoration

The Falstaff rocket was commemorated in an event cover that depicted a rocket recognisable as a Falstaff. 5 December 1978 was commemorated in such a way.[5]

References

  1. "Secret nuclear testing at Woomera". ABC. 2 April 2002. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  2. O'Connell, Sanjida; Patrick, Barkham (1 April 2002). "Australia used for secret tests of UK ballistic missile". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  3. "Falstaff vehicles". sat-net.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  4. "Falstaff". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  5. "F3 6 Dec 1978 Falstaff 3 launch from Woomera (ACFF/227)". Steve Irwin Stamps. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
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