Famous Thirteen

The Famous Thirteen (Spanish Los trece de la fama, "the thirteen of the fame", or Los trece de Gallo, "the thirteen of [Isla del] Gallo") were a group of 16th century Spanish conquistadors that participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru (second expedition) along with their leader, Francisco Pizarro. In 1527 Pizarro and his men were waiting on the Isla del Gallo, in bad conditions, when the supply ship returned from Panama, commanded by Juan Tafur with orders from the Spanish governor to abandon the expedition. According to the traditional version of the story, Pizarro drew a line in the sand with his sword and said, "those on that side of the line can go back to Panama and be poor; those on this side can come to Peru and be rich. Let the good Castillian choose his path." In the traditional telling of the story, only thirteen men chose to stay with Pizarro.[1]: 26 [2]

Oil painting by Juan Lepiani; Francisco Pizarro on the Isle del Gallo, drawing a line in the sand for the Famous Thirteen

Historians have noted inconsistencies in reports of the identity of the Famous Thirteen, and have identified as many as nineteen candidates for the thirteen spots.[3][4]

One list of names is as follows:

Also, the "brave pilot" Bartolomé Ruiz.[5]: 116 

Aftermath

The Capitulacion of 1529, made Ruiz Grand Pilot of the Southern Ocean, while Candia was placed at the head of artillery, and the remaining eleven "were created hidalgos and cavalleros.[5]: 134 

See also

References
  1. Hemming, J., 1970, The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., ISBN 0151225605
  2. Shannon Venable, Gold: A Cultural Encyclopedia: A Cultural Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2011), ISBN 978-0313384318, pp. 224-225. Excerpts available at Google Books.
  3. David P. Henige, Numbers from Nowhere: The American Indian Contact Population Debate (University of Oklahoma Press, 1998), ISBN 978-0806130446, p. 344 n.26. Excerpts available at Google Books.
  4. Clements Robert Markham, ed., Reports on the discovery of Peru (Hakluyt Society, 1872). Excerpts available at Google Books.
  5. Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142
  6. Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822321460

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