Favolaschia calocera

Favolaschia calocera, commonly known as the orange pore fungus, is a species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae.[1] Due to its form it is also known as orange pore conch or orange Ping-Pong bat.[2] Throughout much of its expanded range F. calocera is now considered an invasive species. It colonizes ruderal sites along transport routes and can become dominant in habitats disturbed by human activity. Mycologists fear that it may be displacing native fungi species as it spreads through the paleotropics.[3]

Favolaschia calocera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Mycenaceae
Genus:
Favolaschia
Species:
F. calocera
Binomial name
Favolaschia calocera

Etymology

For the generic name, see Favolaschia. The specific epithet was chosen because the basidia and sterigmata of the species resemble those of the fungi of the genus Calocera.[4]

Description

F. calocera is a wood-inhabiting saprotrophic fungus.[5] It often has a bright yellow color at first, and can later appear in a brownish yellow color,[6] though it often presents as a bright orange stalked fan, 5 mm–30 mm diameter, with prominent pores on the underside.[7]

Geographic distribution

First observed in Madagascar,[4] it is present in New Zealand since the 1950s,[8] where it became an invasive species.[9] It has recently spread around the world. In 1999 it was first found in Italy.[10][3] The second European country where it appeared was Spain. There it was first found in 2004 near the Monte Deva, Gijon, by D. Francisco Casero, president of the Asturian Society of Mycology.[11] In 2012 it was found in Great Britain[2] and in 2013 it was sighted in Portugal.[6] In 2015 it was found in France[6] and Switzerland.[12] In 2019 it was found in Belgium[13] and in November 2020 it was found in the Netherlands.[14] In September 2023 it was first recorded on the Isle of Man.

Its distribution in America is not well documented, but it was collected in Venezuela,[15] Brazil[16] and Peru.[17][18] It is also present in Costa Rica[19] and is widespread on the islands of Hawaii, although it had not been found there before 2009.[20] It is also widespread in Australia[21] and was first collected on Norfolk Island in 1994,[8] but in opposition to its early spreading in New Zealand it was not collected in mainland Australia until the year 2004.[6] It was also found on the French Islands Réunion Island[3][8][21] and Mayotte,[22] which are located near the mainland of Africa. There it was found in Kenya,[8] DR Congo, Tanzania and Zambia.[23] Its also present on the Seychelles.[24] In Asia it was first found in Thailand and China with a high level of genetic variation between the collections.[8] More recently, it was found in India[25] and on the island of Sumatra.[26] It is uncertain whether F. calocera is native to Madagascar or was introduced to the island from Asia.[3] A recent study concludes that Favolaschia calocera is a species complex and renames the samples from Madagascar as Favolaschia calocera sensu stricto; the complex also includes three new species from China (F. brevibasidiata, F. brevistipitata and F. longistipitata), the new species F. minutissima from China and Thailand, and a variety raised to species rank called Favolaschia claudopus, to which the samples from Oceania, Africa and Europe seem to belong.[27]

References
  1. Singer R (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th edn. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein
  2. Ainsworth AM, Farley D, Gainey P, Penna P, Suz LM, (2015) Invasion of the Orange Ping-Pong Bats: the rapidly changing distribution of Favolaschia calocera. Field Mycology, 16(4): 113-120.
  3. Vizzini A, Zotti M, Mello A (2009) Alien fungal species distribution: the study case of Favolaschia calocera. Biological Invasions 11(2):417-429.
  4. Heim R (1945) Les agarics tropicaux à hyménium tubulé (Madagascar, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée, Antilles, Insulinde). Rev Mycol 10:3–61
  5. Singer R (1974) A Monograph of Favolaschia Beih. Nova Hedwigia 50:1–107
  6. Cazenave, R. (2017) Deux récoltes françaises d’une espèce tropicale: Favolaschia calocera R. Heim. Bulletin mycologique du Dauphiné-Savoie n° 224: 19-29.
  7. "Orange Poreconch (Favolaschia calocera)". Taranaki Educational Resource: Research, Analysis and Information Network. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
  8. Johnston PR, Whitton SR, Buchanan PK, Park D, Pennycook SR, Johnson JE, Moncalvo JM (2006) The basidiomycete genus Favolaschia in New Zealand. N Z J Bot 44(1):65–87
  9. Johnston PR, Buchanan P (1998) Fungal invaders. Aust Mycol Newsl 17:48–52
  10. Vizzini A, Zotti M (2002) Favolaschia calocera, a tropical species collected in Italy. Mycotaxon 82:169–176
  11. Casero Morcillo, F. (2008): Favolaschia calocera Heim. Primera cita en la Península Ibérica. Yesca 20:24-25.
  12. Spinelli, C. (2016) Favolaschia calocera – Un fungo dei tropici in marcia verso nord, ora anche in Ticino. / Favolaschia calocera – Ein tropischer Pilz wandert Richtung Norden und ist im Tessin angekommen. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde, 94(3): 13-15.
  13. "Favolaschia calocera".
  14. "Favolaschia calocera".
  15. "Fungal Databases". Farr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y. U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
  16. "Coleção de Fungos do Herbário SP". SP-Fungi – Maria Eneyda Pacheco Kauffmann Fidalgo, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  17. Gazis R (2007) Evaluation of the macrofungal community at los Amigos biological station, Madre de Dios, Peru (Master of Science Thesis). Department of Environmental Science, Texas Cristian University, USA.
  18. Palacios Noé, LK (2015) Hongos macroscópicos del Phylum Basidiomycota en el Bosque de neblina de Cuyas, Ayabaca-Piura. Tesis para optar el título profesional de biólogo. Universidad Nacional de Piura.
  19. "Basidiomycete Fungi Species List" (PDF). Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  20. "Fungi of the Hawaiian Islands Favolaschia calocera". Brian A. Perry. Archived from the original on 2013-11-13. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  21. Robinson R (2013) First record of Favolaschia calocera in Western Australia. Australasian Mycologist 31:41-43
  22. "Favolaschia calocera Heim". Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  23. "Favolaschia calocera R. Heim". EFTA. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  24. "Favolaschia calocera Heim subsp. claudopus Singer". Herbarium Vienna. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  25. Chuzho K, & Dkhar MS, (2019). Ecological Determinants of Wood-Rotting Fungal Diversity and First Report of Favolaschia calocera, an Invasive Species from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 89(4), 1177-1188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-1038-1
  26. Sari PH, Nazip K, Dayat E (2016) Jenis-Jenis Basidiomycota di Kawasan Air Terjn Curug pandan Kabupaten Lahat Serta Sumbangannya Pada Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA. Jurnal Pembelajaran Biologi. 3(1): 66–74.
  27. Zhang Q-Y, Dai Y-C. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Favolaschia calocera Complex (Mycenaceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species. Forests. 2021; 12(10):1397. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12101397
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