Fayda ID

Fayda (Amharic: ፋይዳ , lit. 'value, importance'; sometimes informally called Fayda ID or Fayda Number)[1] is a 12 digit unique identification number issued by NIDP (National ID Program) of Ethiopia to residents who fulfill the required procedures put in place by NIDP digital identification number. It serves as a unique proof of identity for an individual based on the “one person, one identity” principle due to its biometric identifier technology.[2] it is intended to serve as a national and personal identifier to gain access to different public services.[3]

Fayda ID
CountryEthiopia
Websiteid.gov.et
Fayda ID Card
TypeIdentity document
Purpose
Valid inEthiopia
Expiration8 years
CostFree of cost

Fayda ID has its basis on the Digital Strategy 2025 a comprehensive digital transformation strategyin Ethiopia.[4]It aims to register all eligible Ethiopians by implementing a nationwide biometric digital ID system.[5]

History

Previous identity card programs

Prior to the operationalization of Fayda, there was no foundational ID in Ethiopia. The de facto foundational ID is an ID issued by the lowest administrative unit called Kebele. Over 16,400 Kebeles issue this ID after verifying the residence of the person in that Kebele.[6]

However, there is no centralized system to verify the authenticity of Kebele ID and hence, Kebele ID are open for forgery and alterations. A finding from a study conducted by the Ministry of Justice and National Bank of Ethiopia disclosed that within 5 years prior to 2019, banks incurred 1.8 Billion Birr loss as a result of fraud including identity fraud.[7]


Before the program was constituted under the Office of the Prime Minister, it was housed at the Ministry of Peace.[8] After its establishment under the Office of the Prime Minister, the program initiated the drafting and adoption of the Ethiopian Digital Identification Proclamation 1284/2023. The proclamation was approved by the House of Peoples Representatives on the 30th of March, 2023.[9]


References
  1. ፋይዳ.
  2. "National ID". id.gov.et. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  3. "Digitalizing Identity: Precautionary Thoughts on Ethiopia's "Fayda" Number". Opinio Juris. 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  4. Digital Ethiopia 2025 (PDF). p. 56.
  5. "NBE to Make Digital ID Primary for Use by Banks – Ethiopian Monitor". 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  6. ID4D Country Diagnostic, Ethiopia (PDF). p. 6.
  7. "Ethiopian banks suffers 1.8 billion birr in fraud loses in five years - Fana Broadcasting Corporate". 2023-05-30. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
  8. Digital Ethiopia 2025 (PDF). p. 8.
  9. "House approves digital ID proclamation by majority vote - Fana Broadcasting Corporate". 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
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