Federal Civil Defense Administration
The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was organized by President Harry S. Truman on December 1, 1950, through Executive Order 10186,[1] and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12 January 1951.[2] In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization when President Dwight D. Eisenhower merged the FCDA with the Office of Defense Mobilization.[3]
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| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | December 1, 1950 |
| Preceding | |
| Dissolved | 1958 |
| Superseding agency | |
| Jurisdiction | Federal government of the United States |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. |
| Key document | |
In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.[2][3]
The FCDA was first headed by Millard Caldwell under Truman,[2] then Val Peterson under Eisenhower.[4]
Background
The predecessor to the FCDA, the Office of Civilian Defense was abolished in June 1945 with the end of World War II. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government.[5] This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.[6][7]
Administrators
| Name | Start | End | President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Millard Caldwell | December 1, 1950 | November 15, 1952 | Harry S. Truman | |
| Jerry Wadsworth Acting |
November 15, 1952 | February 19, 1953 | ||
| Val Peterson | February 20, 1953 Acting: February 19, 1953 – March 4, 1953 |
June 14, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
| Lewis Berry Acting |
June 14, 1957 | July 19, 1957 | ||
| Leo Hoegh | July 19, 1957 | July 1, 1958 | ||
See also
References
- Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 10186—Establishing the Federal Civil Defense Administration in the Office for Emergency Management of the Executive Office of the President". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
- Civil Defense: The Truman Administration (Entry 0113) Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine from The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management edited by Walter G. Green III
- Civil Defense: The Eisenhower Administration (Entry 0107) Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine from The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management edited by Walter G. Green III
- THE FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE AGENCY (FCDA) WOMEN DEFEND THE NATION (1950) from The Cold War Museum
- "Laura McEnaney on: The Federal Civil Defense Administration". PBS. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
- "CIVIL DEFENSE: THE TRUMAN ADMINISTRATION". richmond.edu. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
- Executive Office of the President; National Security Resources Board (1950). "United States Civil Defense" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 20 March 2022.