Ferndale, British Columbia

Ferndale is a scattered community located northeast of Prince George in central British Columbia. The name, derived from the numerous ferns in the district[1] (or possibly Ferndale, Washington),[2] appeared in the later 1920s. Adopted by the new school in 1931, and included as a settlement in Wrigley’s BC Directory for that year,[3] the first newspaper reference was the following year.[4] In earlier times, the northern part was considered as Willow River, and the western part as Shelley. Although Ferndale once stretched as far south as Tabor Lake, the 1977 completion of the Blackburn Bypass of Highway 16 effectively created the southern boundary.[5] Comprising about 40 residences, it has a good-sized community hall,[6] and the Ferndale-Tabor volunteer fire hall lies between the two localities.

Ferndale, British Columbia
Community
Ferndale, British Columbia is located in British Columbia
Ferndale, British Columbia
Location of Ferndale in British Columbia
Ferndale, British Columbia is located in Canada
Ferndale, British Columbia
Ferndale, British Columbia (Canada)
Ferndale, British Columbia is located in North America
Ferndale, British Columbia
Ferndale, British Columbia (North America)
Coordinates: 53°59′10″N 122°29′40″W
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Land DistrictCariboo
Regional DistrictFraser-Fort George
Geographic RegionRobson Valley
Area code(s)250, 778

History

Railways & Speculation

Initially, the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTP) planned following the Fraser River between Willow River and Hansard. About five miles (8.0 km) north of the Willow River confluence, heavy grades exist in the Giscome Rapids country. To find an alternative route, a survey party in the 1906 winter reviewed the possibility of a Prince George-Ferndale alignment, south along the Willow, across the divide, and east to follow the Bear River to its confluence south of Hansard. Subsequently, the surveyors discovered the superior shortcut via Eagle (Eaglet) Lake and Aleza Lake.[7]

Consequently, the booklet's claim that political pressure caused the GTP to abandon the Ferndale route is false.[8] In fact, the GTP regularly ignored government directives.[9] The chartered CB&WR through the Willow River settlement proposed a line along the Willow River that never eventuated. Consequently, most of the early investors abandoned their properties. Apparently on speculation, Lord Londonderry had equally unwisely acquired a parcel of land[10] (E side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Ferndale Rd).[11] This would be Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry (1852–1915), and Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (1878–1949).

Misidentified Pioneers

Although listed as pioneer settlers,[12] Tom Sullivan, Elmer Cahoun, Mr. Bushell, George Teats, Bob McRorrie, and Ivor and Harry Guest, may have owned speculative properties, but no evidence of residence is apparent. Thomas Sullivan (1873–1951)[13] owned land north of the Fraser River near Salmon River.[14] Marcus Elmer Cahoon (1885–1957),[15] a Public Works Department driver, who no doubt included the locality in his assigned duties,[16] married[17] Mary Isabella Stewart (1890–1969)[18] in 1915.[19]

Ivor B. Guest (1886–1980),[20] and his brother Harry (1882–1973),[21] arrived in South Fort George in 1911. During the 1912 summer, Ivor worked for the forestry service as a fire warden along the Crooked River. The following winter he broke trail for Kidd's Emmet Baxter (Shorty) Haynes' dog team taking mail, food, and whisky, to the GTP construction camps. Ivor operated a trading post at McLeod Lake 1914–20, interrupted by almost three years army service. A keen amateur photographer, he ran a photography supply, fishing tackle and stationery store in Prince George 1922–75.[22][23][24] He married Mary Elizabeth Howes (1895–1979 [25] in 1923.[26] Harry B. Guest married Augusta Freida Grossman (c.1892–?) in 1915.[27] He was connected with the pharmaceutical trade,[28] and became a partner in the Prince George Drug Co. 1917–31.[29] As coroner for the region throughout the 1920s,[30][31] he no doubt examined cases in the vicinity. Harry's family relocated to Vancouver in the early 1930s.[32]

Pioneer Forestry, Farming & Mining

Arden Pickering, E.C. Perry and Fritz Bertschi appear to be the only bona fide Ferndale pioneers on the list. Leaving his family at Wardner, George Pickering took up a quarter section preemption (E of Upper Fraser Rd, S side of Perry Rd)[11] in 1910, but died in 1913.[33][34] The following year, Arden (1889–1979),[35] his son, moved onto the farm. In 1921, he married[36] Ettie Muma (1899–1974).[37] Their children were Cecil (1922–74),[38] William (Bill) (1924–84),[39] George (1926–27),[40] Earl, Len (probably 1929–2004),[41] Clara, Dorothy (see #PerryFam), L. Gordon (Gordie) (1936–2012),[42] Nina (probably 1937–2004),[43] Howard (1939–64),[44] and Shirley. The absence of nearby schooling for the older children prompted the move to Mud River around 1929,[12][45][46] but the family relocated to Prince George in 1950.[47][48]

The outbreak of World War I, and the decreased availability of capital, delayed the development of the high-grade gold, silver and copper ore seams discovered near Ferndale by William Bonner around 1913. A decade later, the Snowshoe partnership, managed by Bonner, drilled exploratory shafts that showed promising results.[49] A similar exercise at other sites equally encouraged another syndicate and the Bertschi brothers.[50] In default for his 1927–30 financial contributions, Bonner forfeited his interest in the claim.[51] By 1936, Alexander (Alex) Hutchison (1879–1961)[52][53] was also in default.[54] At that time, Alex was in the cordwood business.[55]

Albert Fredrick Bertschi (1889–1971)[56] was a B.X. riverboat engineer from 1914. He married[57] Emma Bruegger (1896–1959),[58] and settled in 1920[59] (about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) W of Upper Fraser Rd on Shelley Rd E).[60] He operated the first horse-driven sawmill in the area.[61] The improved section of their 160-acre farm comprised hay and poultry.[62]

Longtime city worker Louis (1882–1951)[63][64] & Eveline (1900–88)[65][66] Strugala lived in Prince George from about 1919.[67] Their children were Robert (1925–41), who died of pneumonia,[68] Dorothy (1927–77),[69][70] and Carol (1936–?).[71] The Strugala farm was on Shelley Road N. about 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Bertschi property.[72] Louis was acquitted at trial for the 1931 shooting at and wounding straying Bertschi horses that ate his oat crop.[73]

The Bertschi children were Rosabelle (Rose) (c.1925–2016),[74] Arnold Louis (Louie) (1927–2016),[75][76] Albert Frederick (1931–2011),[77] Charles (Charlie) Henry (1934–2015),[78] and Margaret.[79][80] Over time, Louie and Albert Fred assumed more responsibility for the farm, and Albert Fred and Charlie for the logging operation. Louie and Charlie never married.[81] In the early 1940s, the family produced railway ties,[82] and had a logging camp on the property.[83] In 1944, A.F. Bertschi Sr. had a severe heart attack,[84] and Rose left for Vancouver.[85] Five years later, she married Henry Gray Munro.[86] By this time, the farm had pigs[87] and a dairy herd.[88] Emma's butter and cheese were unrivaled.[89]

In 1952, Louie suffered a facial injury at one of the local mills, requiring a short hospital stay.[90] The next year, Bertschi Sr. advertised the farm for sale.[91] The couple moved to Prince George in 1954.[92] Louie continued managing the farm at least until the early 1960s.[93] In 1963, Albert Fred married Fern Elizabeth Adams.[94] The period of operation of the small Bertschi Bros.' sawmill included the 1950s,[95] the 1970s (manufacturing cabins),[96] and the 1990s (log homes).[97]

Edwin C. (1880–1927)[98][99] & Frances A. (1880–1974)[100][101] Perry purchased their property (about seven miles (11 km) E of Upper Fraser Rd, on S side of Perry Rd)[11][102][103] in 1914,[104] but the family initially resided a few years in Prince George,[105] while Edwin was alone at the homestead. On one occasion during this period, Edwin disappeared for six months while he tracked, but failed to retrieve, an expensive pair of newly obtained horses that had escaped.[106] Their children were Lila (c.1907–?),[107] Myles (1914–?),[104] and John (1918–2017).[108] John was the first baby born to Caucasians in the locality.[12] During the Great Depression, the brothers made their living mining gold, and guiding and packing miners up the Willow River.[108] They also had an episode with a newly purchased purebred bull that escaped by plunging into the flooded Willow River. They pursued the animal seven miles (11 km) downstream, and after a long struggle, led it to their parked wagon south of Giscome.[109][110] In 1936, a cow moose attacked and twice tossed John, who was fencing on the farm. The animal then followed and cornered him in a shed, from which he finally escaped with bruises and scratches.[111]

Myles married[112] Margaret Goddard (1914–1993), who had arrived in 1937 as the schoolteacher, and remained actively involved in community projects.[113][114] John married Mona Calhoun in 1940,[115] but divorced in 1945.[116] In 1942, the brothers tracked and killed a young grizzly that had feasted on more than 25 of their chickens.[117] In 1939, John and Myles purchased a decrepit small sawmill. The two-cylinder tractor motor, sourced to be the power unit, regularly caught fire. A few years later, they purchased a small sawmill from Carl William Strom of Willow River,[118] which cleared the trees on the family farm by the Willow River.[119] Available timber stands determined later relocations.[120] In 1951, John married Dorothy Pickering.[121] (see #PickeringFam) That year, he suffered a serious back injury, requiring an eight-month hospital stay,[122] which left him crippled.[123] At its peak, the 8,000–9,000 feet capacity sawmill[124] remained in use until 1964,[125] after which it became more profitable to sell raw logs rather than rough-cut lumber to the large operators.[126] The Perry Bros.' logging[127] and ranch[128] operated into the 1990s.[129] They still held TSLs (Timber Sales Licences) in 1999.[130]

Ottiso (Otis) (1873–1955)[131][132] & Laura (1874–1961)[133] Pariso farmed (W of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Ferndale Rd) [11] from 1920 until their retirement around 1945. Their son Leo died at five. In 1920, daughter Muriel Mildred (1898–1987)[134] married[135] Herman G. Griese (1892–1940) of Shelley,[136] and later married Per Arvid Edmark (1893–1979).[137][138]

Chris Cron (1876–1961)[139] farmed from the 1920s until the 1950s.[140][141][142][143] He hauled his harvested hay to Shelley for rail freighting to the Upper Fraser mill for feeding their logging horses.[144][82]

Brothers Levi (1879–1947)[145] and William J.E. (1880–1950)[146] Graham, whose spouses were sisters,[147] held a preemption (immediately E of the Shelley Rd and Highway 16 junction).[11] However, their focus was largely in Prince George, where Levi ran extensive business enterprises, and William was assistant[148][149] and later fire chief.[150]

Andres (c.1859–1930)[151] & Otilia (Tillie) (1867–1940)[152] Pipke settled in Prince George in 1915, and assumedly soon after, acquired their farming property in Ferndale. Their children were Tillie (1891–1959),[153] two daughters who became Mmes. Shepherd and Kemp, Reinhold (1897–1957),[154] Ludwig (Louie) (1905–92), and Wanda (1909–2000).[155][156]

Alverino Perkoni Wassil (1892–1959),[157] a.k.a. Albert Peter Wassil, Alvin Peter Wassil and Charles Wassil, apparently resided from 1914, but appears not to have been part of the early Caucasian social set. Initial reports on his death misidentified him as his brother Peter. He purchased the Pipke property in 1928[158] (E side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Perry Rd).[11] Apart from his World War II enlistment, Pius Vosylius (1884–1961),[159] a.k.a. Peter (Pete) Wassil, resided from 1929 until his final illness.[160] Selling his property (E of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Ferndale Rd)[11] to Alan MacDonald, Pete moved to the former C. Cowell residence in 1957.[161] His estate included another property (W of Giscome Rd, S of Highway 16).[162]

John G. Nehring (1860–1946),[163][164] (see #JKarpicius) and his teenage son Ralph (1896–1989),[165][166] arrived at Prince George by scow[167] in 1913. John's wife, Ernesyna (1864–1958)[168] followed a short time later by stagecoach.[169] They settled at Ferndale around 1920.[170] In 1921, reports of Ralph's death in Seattle proved a misidentification,[171] unlike a sibling who had died in the prior year.[172] John established a sawmill in 1922, powered by a traction engine.[61] Sons, Walter (1907–51)[173][174] and Robert (1905–1928)[175][176] were outstanding hockey players.[177] Ralph married Elizabeth Schlitt (1910–2008)[178] in 1929.[179] John sold the mill (E of Giscome Rd, S of Highway 16)[11][180] in 1941 to John H. Evensen (see #JEvensen), but his son Walter remained in the mill's employment until called up for active service.[181] In 1946, Ralph and Walter operated a sawmill on their farm.[182] Ralph's son Wilfrid Nehring and Ollie Florrel operated a mill.[183] While later working at Evergreen Sawmill, Wilfrid sustained a critical head injury when a saw ejected a piece of machinery.[184]

During the 1920s and early 1930s, Peter (Pete) (1886–1953)[185] & Alexandria (c.1886–1964)[186] Krawchuk (Krowchuk alternate spelling), who ran a mixed farm[187] (immediately E of the Shelley Rd and Highway 16 junction), cleared only a small portion of their quarter section.[188][189] Nick Kostuka received a one-year sentence for assaulting Alexandria.[190]

Matilda Zilkie and Margaret Cowell were sisters. Charles (Charlie) W. (1880–1974)[191][192] & Matilda S. (1898–1980)[193] Zilkie settled in 1929, acquiring 90 acres from the Cowells[2] (E side of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd).[11] Their children were Caroline, Anne (c.1921–?), C. William (Bill) (1923–2012),[194] Rose, Emily (1929–?),[195] and Frederick (Fred) (1931–2016).[196] Assumedly, Caroline died in infancy.[197] In 1938, Anne married[198] Monte Mandruk.[199] (see #MMandruk) In 1943, a bear killed one of Charlie's pigs,[200] and two of his horses died on the highway.[201] Bill enlisted.[202] Around 1944, Rose married Leslie Aiken (1916–96).[203][204] Bill married Eileen in 1946,[194] Emily married Mathew Handford in 1949[205] (see #HandfordFam), and Fred married Doreen in 1961.[206] Only, Anne and Emily, who married locals, remained in Ferndale on marriage. After Fred left around 1960,[207] only the Zilkie seniors remained throughout the 1960s.[208] Matilda probably left after Charlie's death.[209]

William (Bill) C. (1892–1969)[210] & Margaret (1899–1970)[211] Cowell settled on their 360-acre farm[2] (W side of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd) [11] in the late 1920s. Their children were Charles (Charlie), George (1923–?), Nellie, and S. Catherine (Kate or Kaye) (c.1921–2009).[212][213][214] Charlie played the accordion at dances.[215] On marrying Robert Bean, Nellie moved to Sardis.[216] Catherine married[217] Alexander (Alex) Hubensky (1919–58),[218][219] presumably the son of Alexander & Margaret. (see #HubenskyFam) The newlyweds lived at Aleza Lake,[220] and then Sardis.[221] In 1960, after Alex's death during the Rogers Pass highway construction, Catherine settled in Salmon Arm.[212]

From 1943, Martin Majerick[222] (Majerik, Majorek, Myeric or Myric alternate spellings) operated a sawmill on the Cowell property.[223] When a wrench slipped, he seriously injured his hand and lost one finger.[224] Bill Cowell likely logged, because a birch log injured and pinned him for several hours.[225] A 1945 fire destroyed the cookhouse.[226] The following year, the mill relocated (W side of Upper Fraser Rd at S-bend, immediately N of Shelley Rd E).[11][227] A falling tree killed Karl Kovach (1909–58),[228] a teamster for the Majerick mill.[229]

Both Charlie and George Cowell were wounded during World War II,[230] and George required multiple hospital stays and a leg amputation.[231] Margaret and George composed many songs, some of which CKPG radio played.[232] In 1949, after Charlie shot an 80-pound cougar in Russell Hubensky's barn, they discovered Charlie's partly devoured dog.[233] While at the Evensen sawmill the following year, George seriously hurt his arm when an engine he was cranking backfired.[234] In the early 1950s, Charlie and George operated a sawmill,[235] where Charlie injured his shoulder.[236] Bill Cowell and Allan Wickum (see #WickumFam) also had a mill[237] (possibly on Allan’s property on W side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Shelley Rd E),[11] before Allan joined the Evergreen Sawmills.[238] The last to relocate were Bill & Margaret in the mid-1960s.[239]

Later Forestry & Farming

Michael (Mike) Kiss arrived in the 1930s. After retiring as a mill worker, he devoted his attention to his farm (W of Upper Fraser Rd, S side of Ferndale Rd),[11] where he grew exceptional strawberries.[240] His final mention was 1967.[241][242]

Herman Karges (1904–89)[243][244] arrived by the early 1930s.[245] Daniel (Dan) (1888–1976)[246] & Helena (Lena) (1895–1981)[247] Morris spent the earlier years of their married life in lumber camps east of Prince George.[248] Sons Andrew (Andy) (1926–99),[249] and William (Bill) (1927–96),[250][251] worked in their father's logging camps. During the later 1940s, Dan, in partnership with Jim Burke, logged and milled on the Karges' farm one mile west of the highway.[252] This appears distinct from the other Karges' property (E side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Perry Rd).[11][253] Andy sustained serious lacerations to his foot at this time.[254]

Jacob (1905–85)[255][256] & Anne (1907–72)[257][258] Pankew purchased the Krawchuk farm in 1937,[259][260] where they developed a dairy herd,[261] and grew hay.[262] He operated a sawmill during the 1960s,[263] which had a good safety record for both logging and milling.[264] In 1964, an inebriated Jacob crashed his pickup truck head on into a parked BC Hydro truck displaying flashing warning lights. Being his second conviction for impaired driving, he received an 11-day jail term.[265] The family relocated to Fort Nelson in 1966.[266][267] Son Victor (1936–2009),[268] a millwright, returned to the farm permanently in the 1980s.[269][270]

John Karpicius (1900–88)[271] farmed from the late 1930s (W side of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd),[11] and worked as a tie cutter. In 1939, he began logging birch trees for warplane veneer production.[272] In 1940, both he and John G. Nehring, (see #NehringFam) were found responsible for owning dogs that had killed or injured their counterparts' sheep and for shooting at those dogs.[115] In 1944, Karpicius trucked lumber from the Martin Myric mill.[273] Later that year while logging, he sustained two cracked ribs from a falling tree.[274] The next year he went into partnership with Martin Schefer (1888–1975)[275][276] (Schafer or Schaefer alternate spellings) (W of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd)[11] in setting up the Ferndale Lumber Co.[277] Robert McComber from Willow River suffered a hand injury while operating the edger.[226] Becoming one of the more significant operations,[278] the company had up to three portable sawmills.[279] In 1952, the sheriff seized the company assets, because of outstanding creditors' accounts, income tax and workers' compensation premiums.[280] Thereafter, Karpicius returned to transporting lumber. The next year, the brakes failed on his fully loaded lumber truck. The collision with another truck caused extensive damage, but only minor injuries.[281] In 1961, his loaded truck overturned during overnight fog.[282] Following his retirement in 1966, he continued to prospect in the region and maintain a farm.[283] His absence from the 1958 and 1967 early resident lists suggests he arrived after 1933 and was not around in 1968.[284] His brother Anthony (Tony) Karpicius (1918–85),[285] also a resident, worked in the forest industry and left a $56,000 bequest for a forestry scholarship.[286]

After their wedding, M. Monte Mandruk (1914–63)[287] & Anne M. Zilkie (see #ZilkieFam) lived and farmed[199] in Ferndale, except for two years at Shelley.[224] Monte fractured his toe[288] while working on their 40-acre property[289] (E side of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd).[11] In 1949, Monte begun operating his new sawmill,[290] moving it in successive years.[291] In 1953, he went to work for Central Sawmills.[238] They relocated to Courtenay in 1956.[292] Monte drowned in Georgia Strait[293] with a fishing companion, but despite an intensive search, their bodies were never found.[294]

Chester A. (1902–91)[295] & Alice M. (1908–83)[296] Wickum settled in 1939.[297] Their children were Allan (1928–?)[298] (see #C&GCowell), Mervin (1930–2016),[299][300] Joyce, Elizabeth (Betty), Barry (1932–46),[301] Boyd,[302] and William (Bill) (1937–89).[303][304] Their farm (W of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Ferndale Rd)[11] included pigs.[305] In 1946, when a stone-boat tilted on a sharp turn, a water barrel on board toppled. The startled horses bolted and completely turned over the stone-boat, fatally fracturing 13-year-old Barry's skull. While harnessing a team to attend his grandson's funeral, William Thomas Carson (1877–1946),[306] a local farmer, suffered a lethal heart attack.[307] Afterward, his wife, Mary Elizabeth Carson (1880–1962)[308] relocated.[309] In 1953, Joyce M. married C. William (Bill) Straub and left.[310] A year later, Elizabeth married Harvey Sims.[311] In 1956, Mervin married Marguerite (Marg).[312] Chester became the pound keeper for the area in 1958, relocating the pound to his property.[313] Boyd married Aldene Watson (1940–2004)[314] around 1959.[315] On retiring in 1962, Chester and Alice moved to Willow River.[316] In 1964, William C. Wickum married Marie Claudette Dellemare and the couple remained.[317] By 1967, Boyd was the only family member at Ferndale,[318] and he left sometime before 1977.[316]

John H. Evensen (Evenson alternate spelling) (1910–2011)[319] and his nephew Alfred Johnson (see #JohnsonFam) in 1941 purchased the Nehring (see #NehringFam) sawmill (E of Giscome Rd, S of Highway 16),[11][320] but Alfred enlisted. Unlike the numerous small sawmills, the Evensen mill became one of more significant operations.[321] A 1943 fire largely destroyed the Evensen mill,[322] and Lyman Colebank (1898–1966)[323] sustained a serious foot injury from a rolling log at the logging camp.[324] Margaret E. Macdonald (1920–97),[325] a teacher at the school,[326] married Evensen in 1944,[327] but the marriage did not last. The company sported a team in the sawmill softball league.[328] In 1953, the mill built a new cookhouse[329] for the residents of its small houses and bunkhouses.[330] The next year, Gisela Eva Kohler (1924–2005)[331] married Alfred and they resided near the mill.[332] A 1961 forest fire threatened the mill and its timber stand.[333] The mill, operating at the foot of the Tabor Mountain Ski Hill,[334] permanently closed about this time.[330] The partners sold the equipment in 1969 and moved away.[335]

Alvilda Nystrom and Laila Johnson were sisters to John H. Evensen. Erick (Eric) (1892–1978)[336][337][338] & Laila (1898–1973)[339][340] Johnson with children Alfred (Fred) (1921–2015)[341] (see #JEvensen), Albin Erling (Melvin) (1927–2010),[342][343] and Rena, arrived at the Evensen camp in 1943.[344] Children Ruth, Rubin and Einar (1924–97)[345][346] remained in Saskatchewan.[347] At harvest time, the family visited the farm,[348] after which Einar joined them at the Evensen sawmill for three months.[349] Settled in Prince George, he married Selma Florell (1926–2012) in 1947.[350] After Melvin suffered a painful eye injury when struck by a branch while logging,[351] he relocated to Vancouver.[352] By this time, all except Alfred had left the district.[353]

Henry and Arthur Nystrom were brothers. Henry (c.1898–?)[354] & Alvilda (1905–83)[355][356] Nystrom, accompanied by children Jeanette, Lloyd, Amy, Raymond, James, and Norman (1929–90),[357][358] arrived at the Evensen camp in 1943.[359] Soon after, Violet, the eldest, moved from Saskatoon[84] to Prince George.[360] At harvest time, Alvilda and Lloyd visited the farm.[361] That winter, Violet joined the family as the Evensen camp cook.[85] During the 1950s, Lloyd joined the army,[362] and Alvilda was cook at the North Star Sawmills.[183] When Henry injured his back, son Raymond assumed his job.[363]

Arthur (Art) M. (1903–57)[364] & Gladys (1906–85)[365][366] Nystrom, with children Adrienne (1927–2001),[367][368] Beryl, and Sidney (1929–95),[369][370] came to Prince George in 1946. Art was engaged in the Ferndale sawmill.[371] In 1948, Adrienne married Alan H. MacDonald (1925–2005),[372] an Evensen Sawmill worker,[373] and they remained active in the community.[374] Alan started his own mill,[375] known as the A.H.M. Sawmill.[333] Sidney, who also worked at the Evensen mill, was an asset to the softball team.[376] Later, he joined Alan's mill,[377] and married.[378] In 1956, Beryl M. married Dennis M. Olsen and remained in Prince George.[379]

In 1942, H.H. Abbott and Otto Killman (1907–76)[380] opened the Abbott & Killman sawmill near Ferndale.[381] The following year, Mr. Danielson suffered facial injuries at the mill.[382]

When a 1942 fire destroyed the small mill owned by Oscar Nordeen and Hjalmar Sjokvist (c.1898–1943)[383][384] (see #GSjokvist), the latter's replacement mill near Ferndale had teething problems and breakdowns. A plank ejected by the head saw struck Sjokvist on the forehead, killing him instantly.[385] Nordeen temporarily managed the operation,[386] until Leonard Proppe (1903–82)[387] took over,[388] and Nordeen returned to trucking lumber.[302]

William (Bill) E. (1905–80)[389] & Angelina (1909–78)[390] Kirschke lived in Prince George. In 1943, Bill established the Six Mile Lake Sawmill, near the lake.[391] Much of the logging was in the Ferndale area.[392] During unloading from a sleigh, a falling log fatally crushed Grant Cameron (c.1910–1950).[393][394] Six years later, the bush crew won logging and safety awards.[395] Around 1959, the couple moved to Six Mile (Tabor) Lake.[396] The widespread 1961 forest fire destroyed a company timber stand. At one point 80 firefighters were based at the sawmill.[397] The following year, the couple retired to White Rock.[398] Their son, Gerald (Gerry) (1941–94)[399] was later a partner in the venture.[400]

Alexander (Alex) (1897–1981)[401][402] & Margaret (1898–1984)[403][404] Hubensky (Hubenski alternate spelling) (W side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Perry Rd),[11] (see #CowellFam) with daughters Alice (1920–2003)[405] and Eunice (1923–98),[406][407] arrived in 1944.[408] Alice married George Wolczuk (1914–79)[409][410] (E of Upper Fraser Rd, N side of Perry Rd),[11] and Eunice married Joseph (Joe) Wolczuk (1916–90).[411][412] They lived in Prince George. In the late 1940s, the Wolczuk brothers began Central Sawmills near Ferndale. In 1950, the mill, which burned down, took only three weeks to rebuild.[234] This fairly significant operation was on the Hubensky farm,[413] and was a.k.a. as the Hubensky sawmill.[414] In 1951, Joe received babbit burns requiring hospital treatment.[415] Two years later, George broke his foot.[238] The enterprise moved with available timber limits.[416] Around 1950, George and Alice began a small greenhouse in the Ferndale area. Selling the mill in 1957, the couple started a well-known Prince George nursery.[417]

In 1944, Percy (1903–74)[418][419] & Dorothy (1909–80)[420] Church arrived and opened a sawmill.[421] Within a few years, the operations expanded to Willow River.

Adeline B. Crawford of Willow River, who owned a farm,[327] rented out a house on the property (E of Upper Fraser Rd, second property back from school).[11][305] A new sawmill opened on the farm in 1947.[422]

Arthur J. (1881–1972)[423][424] & Margaret E. (1890–1975)[425][426] Handford of Willow River settled (E of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Perry Rd)[11] in 1946. Their children were Laura (1920-2005),[427] John (1921–94),[428][429] Mathew (1922–75),[430] Grace (c.1924–1927),[431] Mabel (1926–70),[432] and Kelso (1928–?). John married Ilse Blanke (1919–91).[433] In 1946, Arthur and his sons established Handford Sawmills[434] on their Ferndale property, their new home. Mabel married Wesley Hodson of Vancouver.[435] Mathew married Emily B. Zilkie, youngest daughter of Charles & Matilda Zilkie.[205] (see #ZilkieFam) In 1951, Kelso married Beatrice (Betty) Sood.[436] The mill relocated the next year.[437] In 1955, Arthur & Margaret moved to Prince George.[438][439] With the mill relocations being farther away, their children followed. The final mention of their respective families as residents was 1951 for John,[440] and 1957 for Kelso[441] and Mathew[442] (assuming Emily was a guest at the centennial banquet the following year).[245] Subsequently, operating at various sites north of Prince George, the mill burned to the ground in 1965,[443] and Mathew died in a logging accident a decade later.[444] Kelso suffered spinal injuries in a single-vehicle accident in 1989.[445]

A 1951 forest fire came close to the North Star mill,[415] which operated during the early 1950s.[446] Other mills at the time, of which the ownership is unclear, were G. & F. Sawmills,[377] C. & W. Sawmills,[447] and Evergreen Sawmills.[448] The 15–20 smaller sawmills in operation were rarely a financial success, many lasting only one or two seasons.[449] Billy Shyminski, who sustained a head injury at a local logging camp, spent several months in a Vancouver hospital,[450] and required further treatment.[377] Pete Tonesschuk's (Tanesschuk or Tonesschuck alternate spellings) head injury required several hospital stays.[451]

A fire at John Kupka's mill destroyed lumber and logs, but a neighbour pulled away the power unit and edger with a tractor.[452]

Franklin (Frank) R. (1927–2019)[453] & Lorraine G. (1930–2015)[454] Fortin, with daughter Mary Ellen, arrived in the early 1950s.[455] He established Fortin Sawmills, which relocated in 1959 to southeast of Guilford.[456]

Community

The school opened in 1931, with Mrs. Helen Hansen (1907–78), later at Hansard,[457] teaching the eight pupils. Governed by the Ferndale School Board 1931–46, School District 57 assumed responsibility thereafter.[61][458][459]

At the close of term in 1934, despite the cold water, teacher Miss Betty Davis swam across the river at Shelley.[460] During the latter 1930s, Thompson, Ferndale, Tabor Creek and Cale Creek held an annual interschool athletic competition.[461] The school was the venue for community dances.[462] During World War II many were in aid of the Red Cross,[463] with dances continuing after the war.[464] The teacherage stood beside the school (E side of Upper Fraser Rd at S-bend, S of Shelley Rd E).[11]

When Christian Carlson (1854–1917) and Ovidia Baarlie (1872–1933),[465][466] Evangelical Lutherans, married in 1895, theirs was the first marriage of a Caucasian couple at Bella Coola.[467] Their children were Victor (Vic) J. (1897–?),[468] Carl S. (1899–1974),[469] Harold M. (1903–29),[470] Earl B. (c.1907–1937),[471] Orville C. (1908–2001),[472] and Alfred E. (1910–86).[473][474]

During 1934, Orville and Vic, based in Prince George, were involved in the Sunday School Mission of BC, which included work in the Six Mile (Tabor) area.[475] Earl left Prince George that year to be a missionary in China, with Orville following the next year. Earl succumbed to typhus.[476][477] Meanwhile, Vic, who moved to Ferndale (W of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Highway 16),[11] held Sunday school and church services at Shelley school every Sunday evening.[478] Carl, who appeared more humanitarian than evangelical, also resided at Ferndale,[479] but left intermittently during the 1940s.[480] In 1939, Vic opened and part-time pastored the Earl Carlson Memorial Church (W side of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Perry Rd).[11][481] When the congregation became a Salvation Army outpost, Vic received the rank of sergeant.[482] This may be the group later called the Gospel Mission.[483] Vic remained a sawmill worker[484] until he left with H. E. Mathias in 1944 to operate a sawmill at Chemainus.[485] Alfred was a CNR section hand (track maintenance), who progressed to acting foreman,[486] and then acting roadmaster.[487]

Mrs. Sjokvist (assumedly Grace Evelyn [1913–86], widow of Hjalmar)[488] (see #HSjokvist), held a Sabbath school class every Saturday at her home.[489] In 1944, the school acquired a radio[490] and implemented a hot lunch program.[85] Teaching only one term, marriage took Miss Helen Maloff away.[491] Her replacement in January 1946, Mrs. Grace A. Waters (c.1908–1946),[492][493] had an invalid husband and two sons in Vancouver. She befriended Joseph (Joe) Polak (1903–46),[494] who homesteaded (E of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Perry Rd)[11] near the Perrys, and worked at the Majerick mill.[495] She ended this friendship for unspecified reasons. A week later, he fatally stabbed her in the chest at the teacherage while her eight-year-old son Charles remained asleep in a bedroom. Within hours, outside a neighbour's farmhouse, Joe committed suicide with a rifle bullet to the head.[227]

Although land had been set aside for a community hall,[496] fundraising for the building began a decade later.[497] Mrs. Gross' coffee shop, which existed for only five months owing to lack of business,[498] did host a community dance.[499] The building later became Herman Karges' barn.[61][500] The former Perry Bros.' small cookhouse, moved to the site (W side of Upper Fraser Rd, N of Perry Rd) to become the first community hall.[501] Opened in 1949, renovations involved much voluntary effort.[502] This hall and its successor became the venue for regular dances, usually with music provided by a local band.[503] A bean supper preceded one dance each year.[504] Card parties were also held.[505]

During the 1950s, Six Mile (Tabor) Lake was the venue for summer picnics that the community club organized.[506]

Vernon (Vern) C. (1919–88)[507][508] & Amy (1916–98)[509][510] Scofield (Schofield alternate spelling) and their two young sons became residents in the early 1950s.[511] Vernon suffered an eye injury while working in the bush,[512] and had hospital stays for other ailments.[513] The couple were active in the community,[514] but moved to Prince George months before their son's wedding.[515] Philip Scofield (1933–2005)[516] and Betty Scott were also residents at this time.[517] Her father, John Fredrick Scott (1914–65),[518] and family resided 1945–56.[519] On their marriage in 1953,[520] Philip and Betty lived (E of Giscome Rd, immediately S of Highway 16) [11][521] Jean and John were their older children.[522] When Betty's car exploded in 1961, daughters Judy (4) and Jo-Ann (2) sustained burns to face and arms,[523] that required skin grafts.[524] Russell (1909–94)[525] & Florence (1917–2009)[526][527] Scofield, Philip's parents, resided from 1956 to the early 1970s.[528]

Miss Mary S.W. Killingly, who commenced as teacher for 1950/51,[529] was actively involved in community functions,[530] where she would have met Raymond (Ray) C. Inkster.[531] Marrying in 1952,[532] they relocated to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan,[533] but resettled in December[534] and resumed community involvement.[535] In partnership with Clarence Lapp, the Inkster and Lapp sawmill (E of Upper Fraser Rd, S of Ferndale Rd)[11] operated during the mid-1950s.[536] Mrs. Charlotte Lapp[537] was community association president for 1955,[538] and teacher for the 1957/58 school year,[539] before assuming the Willow River primary grades.[540]

A BC Centennial project, the new community hall[541] was dedicated in 1958. Over 100 adults and children attended the centennial banquet. Pioneer scrolls acknowledged Mr. and Mrs. A.F. Bertschi, Albert and Louis Bertschi, Mr. and Mrs. W. Cowell, Mike Kiss, Mrs. Frances Perry, Pius Vosylius, and Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Zilkie. Albert and Louis Bertschi, George and Charles Cowell, Emily Handford, Herman Karges, Myles and John Perry, and Fred Zilkie, received a commemorative certificate acknowledging at least 25 years of residency.[245]

In 1967, Mrs. F.A. Perry, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Zilkie, A.F. Bertschi, Mike Kiss, John Perry, Mr. and Mrs. Myles Perry, Louis Bertschi, Albert Bertschi and Boyd Wickum received a commemorative certificate acknowledging residency prior to 1940.[318]

In 1955, the teacherage received a new oil burner.[542] Student enrolments ranged 11–14 in the late 1940s, and 9–25 in the 1950s.[458] When the school closed in 1960, because enrolment fell below 10, a bus transported students to Bonnet Hill School, but several parents complained about the schedule.[543] The following year, the school building moved to Shelley.[544] Proposals five years later to rebuild the school did not proceed.[545]

From 1979, either the community association,[546] or the volunteer fire department,[547] hosted the fundraising community hall dances, which ultimately became an annual harvest dance and Halloween dance respectively.

During the 1980s, the 4-H youth club began.[548] The annual "Snow Fever Days", a program of dogsled races, accompanied by side attractions and a dance at night, commenced,[549] but soon relocated to Tabor Lake.[550]

The RDFFG implemented house numbering in 1989.[551] Zenmar Feeds, selling livestock feed, pet feed, and farm supplies, opened that year on Ferndale Road.[552]

Crime, Calamity & Safety Measures

In 1937 while descending the hill at Ferndale School with a load of ties, Andy Iverson of Shelley lost control of his horse team. On crashing, he sustained cuts to his head and face.[553]

During the early 1950s, breaking a taxi driver's jaw, during an assault at a Ferndale mill, cost passenger William Kraft six months hard labour.[554] Seven-year-old Harry Lacoursiere sustained severe bruises and cuts to his upper body when struck by log.[555] Stray horses in the district broke down fences, ruined gardens, and were a general nuisance.[556] Juvenile vandalism and pilfering occurred in waves.[557]

Prince George lumber executive Ross Davis' (1918–65)[558] light plane went missing on a flight from Grande Prairie to Prince George. After some unsuccessful searches in the Monkman Pass, a helicopter pilot sighted the wreckage at that location. Meanwhile, false sightings prompted searches in the Ferndale area. On one ground search, private residents themselves became lost.[559]

In 1969, children suffered minor injuries when a school bus failed to take a curve on the icy road at the bottom of Ferndale Hill and flipped. The responding ambulance skidded and hit a pole on the same slippery surface.[560]

When residents lost their possessions in houses that burned to the ground,[561] the community rallied with aid.[562] In 1980, a volunteer fire department started without government assistance. The fire chief parked at his place the 350-gallon capacity old fire truck donated by Prince George Pulp and Paper.[563] The department initially rejected offers to operate under the umbrella of the RDFFG, because of the burden it would place upon residents' property taxes.[564] In 1982, a site was cleared and a temporary shelter erected for the two fire trucks.[565] A 1984 referendum voted in favour of a $200,000 loan for acquiring land, constructing a permanent fire hall and buying a fire truck and equipment. Repayment was from property taxes spread over a 20-year period.[566] 1985 saw the acquisitions ordered,[567] and the construction contract awarded.[568] The British Columbia Lottery Corporation made a $40,000 grant for the fire hall.[569] The following year, policy conflicts within the department came to a head, resulting in the termination of the assistant chief and six members.[570] Volunteer firefighter David Peter Hryniuk (1942–95)[571] died battling a fire at his own home.[572] He was deputy fire chief in the team of about 25 volunteers.[573] In 1997, the department installed their existing 1,500-gallon water tank on a new Freightliner chassis.[574] In 2001, the team acquired a new $310,000 pumper truck.[575][576]

A 2012 case of a marijuana grow-operation, kidnapping at gunpoint, and torture for six days at a Ferndale house from which the victim escaped, fell apart when the presiding judge became ill and soon died. At the retrial, the victim was jailed for two years for refusing to testify a second time, and the alleged perpetrators, Michael Andrew Joseph Fitzgerald, Craig Anthony Niedermayer, and brothers Francois Christiaan Meerholz and Dillan Meerholz, walked free.[577] A 2007 theft conviction triggered a later reprieved deportation order for Francois. Subsequent firearm charges were stayed, and driving-related ones earned 90 days in jail. Dillan faced charges of aggravated assault and assault causing bodily harm from a November 2009 incident.[578] Niedermayer later faced trafficking and five firearms charges for a 2016 seizure by police.[579]

Roads

A First Nations trail existed from Prince George via Six Mile (Tabor) Lake, which reached Willow River.[580] The 1915 completion of a wagon road, terminating at the southern river bank,[581] likely motivated residents Albert Fritz Bertschi (see #BertschiFam) and his brother Arnold Karl Bertschi (1883–1950)[582] to build a feeder road westward to Shelley (Shelley Road East). By the 1920s, there was also a trail to Foreman, possibly linking what is now Ferndale & Bertschi Roads.[583] Summer grading and gravelling maintained the highway,[584] which was generally good as far north as the turn-off to Shelley, after which it was fair.[585] The paving from Prince George reached Ferndale in 1967 and extended beyond Willow River in 1968.[586] The opening of the paved Blackburn bypass in 1977 reduced the travel distance by 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi).[587]

Broadcast Transmissions & Communications Devices

In 1952, local firms Ferndale Lumber Co., Evensen Sawmills and Central Sawmills, installed radiotelephones at their premises. Television came to the Willow River area in 1961. In 1992, cell phone coverage reached the area.[588]

Electricity & Natural Gas

In 1961 BC Hydro extended distribution lines from Six Mile (Tabor) Lake.[589] The 1996 referendum to establish a natural gas service for the Ferndale area[590] was assumedly successful, because it currently exists.[591]

Footnotes
  1. Perry 1958, p. 5.
  2. Chamberland 2006, p. 380.
  3. "1931 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  4. Prince George Citizen, 31 Mar 1932
  5. Prince George Citizen: 3 & 31 Aug 1977
  6. "RDFFG community facilities". www.rdffg.bc.ca.
  7. Prince George Post, 31 Jul 1915
  8. Perry 1958, pp. 1 & 3.
  9. Leonard, Frank (1996). A Thousand Blunders: The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and Northern British Columbia. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774805322.
  10. Perry 1958, p. 3.
  11. Chamberland 2006, p. 391.
  12. Perry 1958, p. 1.
  13. "Death Certificate (Thomas SULLIVAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  14. Prince George Citizen: 9 Aug 1928 & 11 Jan 1951
  15. "Death Certificate (Marcus Elmer CAHOON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  16. Prince George Citizen: 2 Sep 1926 & 4 Apr 1957
  17. "Marriage Certificate (CAHOON/STEWART)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  18. "Death Certificate (Mary Isabella CAHOON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  19. Prince George Citizen: 20 May 1965, 23 May 1969 & 1 Jun 1985
  20. "Death Certificate (Ivor Bertie GUEST)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  21. "Death Certificate (Harry Bruce GUEST)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  22. Fort George Herald, 5 Oct 1912
  23. Prince George Leader,18 Aug 1922
  24. Prince George Citizen: 27 Aug 1919, 9 Sep 1921, 6 Aug 1959, 5 Mar 1975, 15 Sep 1978, 8 Mar 1979 & 18 Dec 1980
  25. "Death Certificate (Mary Howes GUEST)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  26. Prince George Citizen: 13 Feb 1923, 12 May 1965 & 24 Jul 1979
  27. "Marriage Certificate (GUEST/GROSSMAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  28. Prince George Post, 5 Jun 1915
  29. Prince George Citizen, 28 Sep 1939
  30. Prince George Leader, 15 Apr 1921
  31. Prince George Citizen: 31 Dec 1925 & 10 Jan 1929
  32. Prince George Citizen, 16 Nov 1933
  33. Fort George Herald, 19 Apr 1913
  34. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 22: Willow River Area, 1st, 2nd and 3rd slides left of centre
  35. "Death Certificate (Arden Cecil PICKERING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  36. "Marriage Certificate (PICKERING/MUMA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  37. "Death Certificate (Ettie PICKERING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  38. "Death Certificate (Cecil Benjamin PICKERING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  39. "Death Certificate (William Everett PICKERING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  40. Prince George Citizen, 10 Nov 1927
  41. "Cemetery Project (Len H. PICKERING)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  42. Prince George Citizen, 3 Jul 2012
  43. "Cemetery Project (Nina Doreen VENABLES)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  44. "Death Certificate (Howard Arden PICKERING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  45. Chamberland 2006, p. 202.
  46. Prince George Citizen: 27 Jun 1940, 15 Jun 1944 & 3 Jul 2012
  47. Chamberland 2006, p. 205.
  48. Prince George Citizen, 21 Apr 1960
  49. Prince George Citizen: 15 Nov 1923, 14 Feb 1924 & 10 Apr 1924
  50. Prince George Citizen, 17 Jul 1924
  51. Prince George Citizen: 5 Jun 1930 to 7 Aug 1930
  52. "Death Certificate (Alexander HUTCHISON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  53. Prince George Citizen, 18 Sep 1961
  54. Prince George Citizen: 19 Mar 1936 to 18 Jun 1936
  55. Prince George Citizen: 4 Jul 1935, 15 Aug 1935, 12 Nov 1936 & 7 Oct 1937
  56. "Death Certificate (Albert Fredrick BERTSCHI)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  57. "Marriage Certificate (BERTSCHI/BRUEGGER)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  58. "Death Certificate (Emma BERTSCHI)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  59. Prince George Citizen: 9 Mar 1944, 3 Jun 1959 & 11 Mar 1971
  60. Prince George Citizen, 24 Jul 1930
  61. Perry 1958, p. 4.
  62. Prince George Citizen: 9 to 23 Apr 1925; 23 Sep 1926 to 7 Oct 1926; 17 to 31 Mar 1927; & 7 to 21 Mar 1929
  63. "Death Certificate (Louis STRUGALA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  64. Prince George Citizen, 8 Feb 1951
  65. "Death Certificate (Mary Eveline STRUGALA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  66. Prince George Citizen, 23 Mar 1988
  67. Prince George Citizen: 9 Feb 1923 & 1 Aug 1929
  68. Prince George Citizen: 9 & 23 Jan 1941
  69. "Death Certificate (Dorothy Jane STRUGALA)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  70. Prince George Citizen, 8 Nov 1977
  71. Prince George Citizen, 2 Jun 2016
  72. Chamberland 2006, p. 373.
  73. Prince George Citizen, 19 Nov 1931
  74. Prince George Citizen, 1 Jun 2016
  75. "Cemetery Project (Arnold Louis BERTSCHI)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  76. Prince George Citizen, 10 Aug 2016
  77. Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 2011
  78. "Cemetery Project (Charles Henry BERTSCHI)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  79. Prince George Citizen: 29 Jun 1944 & 29 Nov 1956
  80. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 2nd to 5th slides left of centre
  81. Prince George Citizen: 31 Oct 1946 & 16 Jan 2015
  82. Prince George Citizen, 17 Dec 1942
  83. Prince George Citizen, 21 Oct 1943
  84. Prince George Citizen, 23 Mar 1944
  85. Prince George Citizen, 14 Dec 1944
  86. Prince George Citizen, 7 Jul 1949
  87. Prince George Citizen: 13 Oct 1949, 14 Jun 1951 & 17 Dec 1951
  88. Prince George Citizen: 22 Jun 1950 & 13 Sep 1951
  89. Prince George Citizen, 7 Sep 1950
  90. Prince George Citizen, 25 Dec 1952
  91. Prince George Citizen: 26 Oct 1953 to 2 Nov 1953
  92. Prince George Citizen, 3 Jun 1959
  93. Prince George Citizen: 24 Oct 1958 & 13 Nov 1961
  94. Prince George Citizen, 21 May 1963
  95. Prince George Citizen, 11 Oct 1955
  96. Prince George Citizen: 9 Jan 1973; & 18 Apr 1973 to 31 Aug 1973
  97. Prince George Citizen, 6 Feb 1996
  98. "Cemetery Project (Edwin C. PERRY)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  99. Prince George Citizen, 15 Sep 1927
  100. "Death Certificate (Frances Ann PERRY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  101. Prince George Citizen, 19 Jun 1974
  102. Prince George Citizen, 4 Apr 1946
  103. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 22: Willow River Area, 5th and 6th slides left of centre
  104. Chamberland 2006, p. 394.
  105. Prince George Citizen, 27 Oct 1965
  106. Chamberland 2006, p. 395.
  107. Prince George Citizen: 5 Jun 1915, 9 Apr 1919, 7 Oct 1921 & 13 Mar 1924
  108. "Obituary (John Commodore PERRY)". www.legacy.com.
  109. Walski 1985, p. 20–25.
  110. Chamberland 2006, pp. 395–397.
  111. Prince George Citizen, 11 Jun 1936
  112. "Marriage Certificate (PERRY/GODDARD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  113. Prince George Citizen: 14 Sep 1939, 5 May 1986 & 29 Dec 1993
  114. "1937 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  115. Prince George Citizen, 15 Aug 1940
  116. Prince George Citizen: 31 May 1945 & 7 Jun 1945
  117. Prince George Citizen, 23 Apr 1942
  118. Perry 2000, pp. 4–5.
  119. Prince George Citizen: 24 Sep 1942 & 4 Apr 1946
  120. Prince George Citizen: 29 Jun 1944 & 11 Oct 1945
  121. Prince George Citizen: 27 Sep 1951; & 4 & 15 Oct 1951
  122. Prince George Citizen: 31 Dec 1951 & 31 Jul 1952
  123. Chamberland 2006, p. 399.
  124. Perry 2000, p. 3.
  125. Perry 2000, pp. 5–6.
  126. Perry 2000, pp. 8–9.
  127. Prince George Citizen: 28 Oct 1964, 10 Dec 1976 & 21 Jun 1979
  128. Prince George Citizen: 21 Jun 1971, 2 Jun 1976, 10 Jun 1981 & 24 May 1986
  129. Prince George Citizen: 5 May 1986, 24 Jun 1988 & 29 Dec 1993
  130. Perry 2000, p. 8.
  131. "Death Certificate (Ottis Wilington PARISO)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  132. Prince George Citizen, 29 Aug 1955
  133. "Death Certificate (Laura May PARISO)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  134. "Death Certificate (Muriel Mildred EDMARK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  135. "Marriage Certificate (GRIESE/PARISO)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  136. Prince George Citizen: 4 Jun 1952, 14 Oct 1943, 4 Oct 1945 & 28 Jul 1961
  137. "Death Certificate (Per Arvid EDMARK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  138. Prince George Citizen, 24 Apr 1952
  139. "Death Certificate (Christian Henry Cron)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  140. "1927 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  141. Prince George Citizen: 17 Dec 1942, 13 May 1943, 23 Nov 1944, 5 Jul 1951 & 13 Jun 1955
  142. "1954 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  143. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 6th slide left of centre
  144. Chamberland 2006, p. 375.
  145. "Death Certificate (Levi GRAHAM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  146. "Death Certificate (William Joseph Edman GRAHAM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  147. Prince George Leader, 26 Aug 1921
  148. Prince George Star, 30 Jan 1917
  149. Prince George Citizen: 10 Dec 1919 & 10 Dec 1925
  150. Prince George Citizen, 30 Nov 1950
  151. "Death Certificate (Andrew PIPKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  152. Prince George Citizen, 19 Sep 1940
  153. "Saskatchewan Cemeteries Project (Tillie STEFFENHAGEN)". www.rootsweb.com.
  154. "Death Certificate (Reinhold PIPKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  155. "Marriage Certificate (HOUGHTALING/PIPKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  156. Prince George Citizen, 26 May 2000
  157. "Death Certificate (Albert WASSIL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  158. Prince George Citizen: 23 Apr 1942; 3, 23 & 31 Mar 1959; & 5 May 1959
  159. "Death Certificate (Pius VOSYLIUS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  160. Prince George Citizen: 21 & 25 Aug 1961
  161. Prince George Citizen, 16 May 1957
  162. Prince George Citizen, 3 Jan 1962
  163. "Death Certificate (John Gottlieb NEHRING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  164. Prince George Citizen, 9 May 1946
  165. "Death Certificate (Ralph Rudolph NEHRING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  166. "Cemetery Project (Ralph NEHRING)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  167. "Image: Athabasca scow boats". www.fhnas.ca.
  168. "Death Certificate (Ernesyna NEHRING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  169. Prince George Citizen: 4 & 6 Oct 1989
  170. Prince George Citizen, 19 Jan 1984
  171. Prince George Leader, 22 Jul 1921
  172. Prince George Leader, 15 Jul 1921
  173. "Death Certificate (Walter NEHRING)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  174. Prince George Citizen, 4 Jun 1951
  175. "Cemetery Project (Robert NEHRING)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  176. Prince George Citizen, 6 Sep 1928
  177. Prince George Citizen: 4 Mar 1926, 17 Feb 1927, 1 Feb 1940, 16 Mar 1950, 4 Jun 1951 & 19 Jan 1984
  178. "Cemetery Project (Elizabeth NEHRING)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  179. Prince George Citizen, 4 Oct 1989
  180. Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1988 (60)
  181. Prince George Citizen: 18 Mar 1943 & 23 Dec 2011
  182. Prince George Citizen, 29 Aug 1946
  183. Prince George Citizen, 29 May 1952
  184. Prince George Citizen, 6 Jan 1961
  185. "Death Certificate (Peter KRAWCHUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  186. "Death Certificate (Alexandria KRAWCHUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  187. Prince George Citizen, 30 Aug 1934
  188. Chamberland 2006, pp. 357–358.
  189. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 20: Blackburn, Tabor Lake and Foreman Flats, 12th and 13th slides left of centre
  190. Prince George Citizen, 13 Aug 1931
  191. "Death Certificate (Charles ZILKIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  192. Prince George Citizen, 25 Apr 1974
  193. "Death Certificate (Matilda Susan ZILKIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  194. "Obituary (Charles William ZILKIE)". www.legacy.com.
  195. Chamberland 2006, p. 381.
  196. "Obituary (Fred ZILKIE)". www.memoryleaf.net.
  197. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 11th to 16th slides right of centre
  198. "Marriage Certificate (MANDRUK/ZILKIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  199. Prince George Citizen, 3 Mar 1938
  200. Prince George Citizen, 14 Oct 1943
  201. Prince George Citizen, 11 Nov 1943
  202. Prince George Citizen: 6 May 1943, 17 Jun 1943, 23 Mar 1944, 11 Oct 1945, 8 Nov 1945 & 25 Apr 1946
  203. "Death Certificate (Leslie Johnson AIKEN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  204. Prince George Citizen: 16 Nov 1944 & 15 Nov 1945
  205. Prince George Citizen, 17 Nov 1949
  206. Prince George Citizen, 24 Oct 1961
  207. Prince George Citizen: 10 Jul 1958 & 31 Mar 1959
  208. Prince George Citizen, 9 Sep 1969
  209. Prince George Citizen, 7 May 1980
  210. "Death Certificate (William Samuel COWELL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  211. "Obituary (Maggie Elvina COWELL)". www. newspapers.com.
  212. "Obituary (Catherine HUBENSKY)". www.saobserver.net.
  213. Prince George Citizen: 21 Oct 1948, 4 Oct 1951, 10 Jul 1958 & 30 Apr 1969
  214. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 11th to 13th slides left of centre
  215. Prince George Citizen, 22 Dec 1938
  216. Prince George Citizen: 14 Oct 1954 & 11 Jul 1955
  217. "Marriage Certificate (HUBENSKY/COWELL)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  218. "Death Certificate (Alexander HUBENSKY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  219. Prince George Citizen, 25 Jul 1940
  220. Prince George Citizen: 27 Jul 1944, 28 Feb 1946, 15 Aug 1946 & 15 May 1947
  221. Prince George Citizen: 3 Aug 1950 & 5 Jul 1951
  222. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 2nd slide right of centre
  223. Prince George Citizen: 24 Jun 1943 & 15 Jun 1944
  224. Prince George Citizen, 16 Sep 1943
  225. Prince George Citizen, 8 Apr 1943
  226. Prince George Citizen, 18 Oct 1945
  227. Prince George Citizen, 6 Jun 1946
  228. "Death Certificate (Karl KOVACH)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  229. Prince George Citizen, 15 Jan 1958
  230. Prince George Citizen: 31 Aug 1944, 21 Sep 1944 & 21 Oct 1948
  231. Prince George Citizen: 5 Apr 1945, 15 May 1947, 12 Jun 1947, 21 Oct 1948 & 12 Jun 1952
  232. Prince George Citizen, 21 Oct 1948
  233. Prince George Citizen, 24 Feb 1949
  234. Prince George Citizen, 2 Mar 1950
  235. Prince George Citizen: 25 Jan 1951 & 22 Feb 1951
  236. Prince George Citizen, 21 Jul 1952
  237. Prince George Citizen: 2 & 30 Aug 1951; & 8 Nov 1951
  238. Prince George Citizen, 9 Feb 1953
  239. Prince George Citizen, 30 Apr 1969
  240. Prince George Citizen, 31 Aug 1953
  241. Prince George Citizen, 20 Jun 1967
  242. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, centre slide and 3rd and 5th slides to right
  243. "Death Certificate (Herman KARGES)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  244. Prince George Citizen, 9 Feb 1989
  245. Prince George Citizen, 10 Jul 1958
  246. "Cemetery Project (Daniel MORRIS)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  247. "Death Certificate (Lena MORRIS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  248. Prince George Citizen, 5 Jan 1981
  249. Prince George Citizen, 15 Dec 1999
  250. "Cemetery Project (William MORRIS)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  251. Prince George Citizen, 16 Apr 1996
  252. Prince George Citizen: 10 Jan 1946, 14 Jul 1949 & 15 Dec 1999
  253. Prince George Citizen, 20 Mar 1947
  254. Prince George Citizen, 7 Mar 1946
  255. "Death Certificate (Jacob PANKEW)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  256. Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 1985
  257. "Death Certificate (Annie PANKEW)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  258. Prince George Citizen, 13 Sep 1972
  259. Prince George Citizen, 11 Nov 1937
  260. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 20: Blackburn, Tabor Lake and Foreman Flats, 13th to 15th slides left of centre
  261. Prince George Citizen, 8 Sep 1949
  262. Prince George Citizen, 8 Jul 1964
  263. Prince George Citizen: 25 Feb 1963, 30 Aug 1963, 27 Aug 1964 & 26 Aug 1965
  264. Prince George Citizen, 24 May 1963
  265. Prince George Citizen, 29 Dec 1964
  266. Prince George Citizen, 16 Dec 1966
  267. Chamberland 2006, p. 358.
  268. "Obituary (Victor PANKEW)". www.legacy.com.
  269. Chamberland 2006, p. 359.
  270. Prince George Citizen: 2 Apr 1982 & 6 Aug 1988
  271. "Death Certificate (John KARPICIUS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  272. Prince George Citizen: 11 Nov 1937, 28 May 1942 & 6 Aug 1988
  273. Prince George Citizen, 15 Jun 1944
  274. Prince George Citizen, 9 Nov 1944
  275. "Cemetery Project (Martin SCHEFER)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  276. Prince George Citizen, 23 Dec 1975
  277. Prince George Citizen: 21 Jun 1945, 12 Jul 1945 & 9 Jun 1949
  278. Prince George Citizen: 9 Jun 1949, 20 Dec 1951 & 29 May 1952
  279. Prince George Citizen: 20 Mar 1947, 5 Jun 1947 & 8 Aug 1988
  280. Prince George Citizen: 20 Nov 1952 to 1 Dec 1952
  281. Prince George Citizen, 23 Feb 1953
  282. Prince George Citizen, 24 Mar 1961
  283. Prince George Citizen, 6 Aug 1988
  284. Prince George Citizen: 10 Jul 1958 & 26 Jun 1967
  285. "Death Certificate (Anthonas KARPICIUS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  286. Prince George Citizen: 2 Nov 1950, 13 Feb 1985 & 7 Jun 1991
  287. "Death Certificate (Mike Monte MANDRUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  288. Prince George Citizen, 1 Mar 1945
  289. Prince George Citizen, 11 Oct 1945
  290. Prince George Citizen, 14 Jul 1949
  291. Prince George Citizen: 3 Aug 1950, 25 Jun 1951 & 21 Aug 1952
  292. Prince George Citizen, 13 Jun 1963
  293. Prince George Citizen, 18 Nov 1963
  294. "The Daily Colonist, 6 Nov 1963". www.archive.org.
  295. "Death Certificate (Chester Allan WICKUM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  296. "Death Certificate (Alice Mary WICKUM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  297. Prince George Citizen: 25 Nov 1977, 30 Aug 1983 & 11 May 1991
  298. Prince George Citizen: 13 Apr 1944 & 9 Nov 1944
  299. "Cemetery Project (Mervin Murry WICKUM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  300. Prince George Citizen, 12 May 2016
  301. "Death Certificate (Barry Clifton WICKUM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  302. Prince George Citizen, 29 Jun 1944
  303. "Cemetery Project (William C. WICKUM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  304. Prince George Citizen: 18 Oct 1951 & 5 Dec 1989
  305. Prince George Citizen, 31 Aug 1944
  306. "Death Certificate (William Thomas CARSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  307. Prince George Citizen: 3 Oct 1946 & 25 Sep 1947
  308. "Death Certificate (Mary Elizabeth CARSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  309. Prince George Citizen, 9 Aug 1962
  310. Prince George Citizen, 27 Apr 1953
  311. Prince George Citizen, 8 Apr 1954
  312. Prince George Citizen, 8 Aug 1996
  313. Prince George Citizen, 20 May 1958
  314. "Cemetery Project (Aldene Marie WICKUM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  315. "Obituary (Aldene Marie WICKUM)". www.vernonmorningstar.com.
  316. Prince George Citizen, 25 Nov 1977
  317. Prince George Citizen, 8 Jan 1964
  318. Prince George Citizen, 26 Jun 1967
  319. "Cemetery Project (John Henry EVENSEN)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  320. Prince George Citizen, 23 Dec 2011
  321. Prince George Citizen: 9 Jun 1949, 20 Dec 1951 & 26 Jun 1952
  322. Prince George Citizen, 23 Dec 1943
  323. "Death Certificate (Lyman Thomas COLEBANK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  324. Prince George Citizen: 22 Apr 1943 & 26 Aug 1943
  325. "Death Certificate (Margaret Elizabeth TURVEY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  326. Prince George Citizen, 8 Feb 1997
  327. Prince George Citizen, 13 Jul 1944
  328. Prince George Citizen: 17 Aug 1950 & 25 Jun 1953
  329. Prince George Citizen, 13 Jul 1953
  330. Perry 2000, p. 17.
  331. "Cemetery Project (Gisela JOHNSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  332. Prince George Citizen, 1 Sep 2015
  333. Prince George Citizen, 9 Aug 1961
  334. Perry 2000, p. 2.
  335. Prince George Citizen: 23 Dec 2011 & 1 Sep 2015
  336. "Death Certificate (Erick JOHNSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  337. "Cemetery Project (Erick P. JOHNSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  338. Prince George Citizen, 14 Mar 1978
  339. "Death Certificate (Laila JOHNSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  340. Prince George Citizen: 19 & 29 Nov 1973
  341. "Cemetery Project (Alfred JOHNSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  342. "Cemetery Project (Albin Erling JOHNSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  343. Prince George Citizen, 1 Apr 2010
  344. Prince George Citizen: 16 Sep 1943, 14 Oct 1943 & 4 Nov 1943
  345. "Death Certificate (Einar Eric JOHNSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  346. Prince George Citizen, 28 Oct 1997
  347. Prince George Citizen, 9 Mar 1944
  348. Prince George Citizen: 29 Jun 1944 & 7 Sep 1944
  349. Prince George Citizen: 9 Nov 1944 & 8 Feb 1945
  350. Prince George Citizen: 1 May 1947, 22 Apr 1997 & 1 Sep 2012
  351. Prince George Citizen, 11 Jan 1945
  352. Prince George Citizen, 5 Apr 1945
  353. Prince George Citizen, 10 Mar 1952
  354. "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  355. "Death Certificate (Alvilda NYSTROM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  356. Prince George Citizen, 6 Jun 1983
  357. "Cemetery Project (Norman Leslie NYSTROM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  358. Prince George Citizen, 26 Oct 1990
  359. Prince George Citizen: 4 May 1953, 4 Nov 1943, 16 Mar 1944 & 13 Apr 1944
  360. Prince George Citizen, 13 Apr 1944
  361. Prince George Citizen: 4 May 1944, 29 Jun 1944 & 9 Nov 1944
  362. Prince George Citizen: 8 Nov 1951 & 26 Jun 1952
  363. Prince George Citizen, 8 Jan 1953
  364. "Death Certificate (Arthur Melvin NYSTROM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  365. "Death Certificate (Gladys Beatrice NYSTROM)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  366. Prince George Citizen, 9 Apr 1985
  367. "Cemetery Project (Adrienne P. MacDONALD)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  368. Prince George Citizen, 31 Jan 2001
  369. "Cemetery Project (Sidney R. NYSTROM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  370. Prince George Citizen, 23 May 1995
  371. Prince George Citizen, 28 Oct 1957
  372. "Cemetery Project (Alan H. MacDonald)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  373. Prince George Citizen, 20 May 1948
  374. Prince George Citizen: 25 Jun 1951, 30 Aug 1951, 31 Dec 1951, 28 Feb 1952, 20 Mar 1952 & 12 Mar 1953
  375. Prince George Citizen: 4 Dec 1952, 13 Jul 1953 & 6 Aug 1953
  376. Prince George Citizen, 17 Aug 1950
  377. Prince George Citizen, 4 Dec 1952
  378. Prince George Citizen, 18 Feb 1958
  379. Prince George Citizen, 29 Nov 1956
  380. "Death Certificate (Otto William KILLMAN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  381. Prince George Citizen: 9 Jul 1942 & 13 Aug 1942
  382. Prince George Citizen, 1 Apr 1943
  383. "Death Certificate (Hjalmar SJOKVIST)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  384. Prince George Citizen, 7 May 1942
  385. Prince George Citizen: 1 & 29 Apr 1943 & 6 May 1943
  386. Prince George Citizen, 13 May 1943
  387. "Death Certificate (Leonard PROPPE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  388. Prince George Citizen, 17 Jun 1943
  389. "Death Certificate (William Ernest KIRSCHKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  390. "Death Certificate (Angelina KIRSCHKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  391. Prince George Citizen: 10 May 1945, 28 May 1953, 28 Sep 1978 & 11 Sep 1980
  392. Prince George Citizen: 14 Oct 1943, 15 Jun 1944 & 9 May 1946
  393. "Death Certificate (Grant Peter CAMERON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  394. Prince George Citizen, 9 Feb 1950
  395. Prince George Citizen, 22 May 1956
  396. Prince George Citizen: 28 Jul 1959, 5 Jul 1960 & 7 Oct 1960
  397. Prince George Citizen, 10 Aug 1961
  398. Prince George Citizen, 11 Sep 1980
  399. "Death Certificate (Gerald John KIRSCHKE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  400. Prince George Citizen: 15 Jun 1979, 26 Apr 1982 & 21 May 1994
  401. "Death Certificate (Alexander HUBENSKY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  402. Prince George Citizen, 19 Jan 1981
  403. "Death Certificate (Margaret HUBENSKY)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  404. Prince George Citizen, 6 Feb 1984
  405. "Cemetery Project (Alice WOLCZUK)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  406. "Cemetery Project (Eunice WOLCZUK)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  407. Prince George Citizen, 28 Sep 1998
  408. Prince George Citizen: 27 Jul 1944 & 11 Jun 1969
  409. "Death Certificate (George WOLCZUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  410. Prince George Citizen, 19 Apr 1979
  411. "Death Certificate (Joseph WOLCZUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  412. Prince George Citizen, 26 Jun 1990
  413. Prince George Citizen, 29 Jun 1950
  414. Prince George Citizen: 10 Nov 1952 & 4 Dec 1952
  415. Prince George Citizen, 17 Sep 1951
  416. Prince George Citizen: 30 Nov 1950, 12 Jun 1952 & 25 Dec 1952
  417. Prince George Citizen: 4 May 1966 & 19 Apr 1979
  418. "Death Certificate (Percy Stephen CHURCH)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  419. Prince George Citizen, 20 Aug 1974
  420. "Death Certificate (Dorothy CHURCH)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  421. Prince George Citizen: 15 Jun 1944, 1 Apr 1980 & 1 May 1993
  422. Prince George Citizen, 5 Jun 1947
  423. "Death Certificate (Arthur John HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  424. Prince George Citizen, 2 May 1972
  425. "Death Certificate (Margaret Emily Jane HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  426. Prince George Citizen, 22 Oct 1975
  427. "Cemetery Project (Laura Merle STROM)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  428. "Death Certificate (John Owens HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  429. Prince George Citizen, 15 Mar 1994
  430. "Death Certificate (Matthew Caleb HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  431. "Death Certificate (Margaret Grace HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  432. "Death Certificate (Mabel Hughine HODSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  433. "Death Certificate (Ilse Anna HANDFORD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  434. Prince George Citizen: 5 & 19 May 1949; & 30 Nov 1950
  435. Prince George Citizen, 5 Aug 1948
  436. Prince George Citizen, 15 Feb 1951
  437. Prince George Citizen, 12 Jun 1952
  438. Prince George Citizen, 24 Nov 1955
  439. Walski 1985, p. 31–32.
  440. Prince George Citizen, 29 Oct 1951
  441. Prince George Citizen, 24 Dec 1957
  442. Prince George Citizen, 25 Apr 1957
  443. Prince George Citizen, 28 Jul 1965
  444. Prince George Citizen, 14 Mar 1975
  445. Prince George Citizen: 7 & 8 Dec 1989
  446. Prince George Citizen: 8 Nov 1951, 20 Mar 1952, 29 May 1952, 21 Jul 1952 & 4 Dec 1952
  447. Prince George Citizen: 20 Mar 1952, 15 May 1952, 21 Jul 1952, 21 Aug 1952 & 10 Nov 1952
  448. Prince George Citizen: 15 May 1952, 21 Aug 1952 & 6 Jan 1961
  449. Perry 2000, pp. 3–4, 18 & 20.
  450. Prince George Citizen, 26 Jun 1952
  451. Prince George Citizen: 30 Dec 1954, 10 Jan 1955, 21 Apr 1955 & 13 Jun 1957
  452. Prince George Citizen, 24 Oct 1955
  453. "Obituary (Frank FORTIN)". www.columbiavalleypioneer.com.
  454. "Obituary (Lorraine Gwenyth FORTIN)". www.saobserver.net.
  455. Prince George Citizen: 18 Nov 1948, 16 Dec 1948, 25 Feb 1952, 6 Nov 1952, 12 Mar 1953 & 13 Jun 1955
  456. Prince George Citizen, 24 Aug 1959
  457. "Death Certificate (Helen HANSEN)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  458. Hall, Barbara.; Pallo, Rose (2010). School District No. 57 (Prince George) historical memories. (Volume I): people, places, programs & services. Prince George Retired Teachers' Association, Education Heritage Committee.
  459. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 9th and 10th slides right of centre
  460. Prince George Citizen, 5 Jul 1934
  461. Prince George Citizen: 7 Jun 1934, 11 Jun 1936, 10 Jun 1937, 9 Jun 1938, 15 Jun 1939 & 20 Jun 1940
  462. Prince George Citizen: 24 Nov 1938, 22 Dec 1938, 1 Apr 1943 & 12 Oct 1944
  463. Prince George Citizen: 8 Apr 1943, 3 Feb 1944, 9 & 29 Mar 1944 & 8 Feb 1945
  464. Prince George Citizen: 8 Nov 1945, 3 Apr 1947 & 15 May 1947
  465. "Cemetery Project (Ovidia CARLSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  466. Prince George Citizen, 5 Oct 1933
  467. "Marriage Certificate (CARLSON/BAARLIE)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  468. "Death Certificate (Victor Joseph CARLSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  469. "Cemetery Project (Carl Sigvald CARLSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  470. "Death Certificate (Harold Magnus CARLSON)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  471. Prince George Citizen, 19 Aug 1937
  472. "Cemetery Project (Orville C. CARLSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  473. "Cemetery Project (Alfred Edgar CARLSON)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  474. "1921 Census". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  475. Prince George Citizen, 4 Oct 1934
  476. Prince George Citizen: 1 Jul 1937, 19 Aug 1937, 2 Sep 1937 & 12 May 1938 & 5 Jun 1947
  477. "Mission to the Lisu". www.omf.org.
  478. Prince George Citizen, 22 Jul 1937
  479. Prince George Citizen: 2 Sep 1937, 11 May 1939 & 6 Jul 1939
  480. Prince George Citizen: 22 Apr 1943 & 5 Apr 1945
  481. Prince George Citizen: 7 & 14 Sep 1939; & 5 Oct 1939 to 1 May 1941
  482. Prince George Citizen: 24 Apr 1941; & 8 May 1941 to 16 Oct 1941
  483. Prince George Citizen: 1 Apr 1943; 23 Mar 1944; & 13 & 20 Apr 1944
  484. Prince George Citizen, 29 Apr 1943
  485. Prince George Citizen: 13 Apr 1944 & 9 Aug 1945
  486. Prince George Citizen: 26 Mar 1942, 2 Jul 1942 & 6 Aug 1942
  487. Prince George Citizen: 26 Apr 1945, 31 May 1945, 30 Aug 1945, 7 Aug 1947 & 8 Apr 1948
  488. "Death Certificate (Grace Evelyn SJOKVIST)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  489. Prince George Citizen: 18 Mar 1943 & 8 Apr 1943
  490. Prince George Citizen, 12 Oct 1944
  491. Prince George Citizen: 11 Oct 1945, 22 Nov 1945 & 17 Jan 1946
  492. "Death Certificate (Grace A. WATERS)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  493. Prince George Citizen, 10 Jan 1946
  494. "Death Certificate (Joseph POLAK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  495. Chamberland 2006, p. 385.
  496. Prince George Citizen, 4 May 1939
  497. Prince George Citizen, 18 Nov 1948
  498. Prince George Citizen: 10 Feb 1949 & 14 Jul 1949
  499. Prince George Citizen, 7 Apr 1949
  500. image: https://cnc.bc.ca/services/library/cnc-press/chamberland/contents Chapter 21: Shelley and Ferndale Areas, 1st slide right of centre
  501. Perry 2000, p. 1.
  502. Prince George Citizen: 8 Sep 1949, 6 Oct 1949 & 1 Dec 1949
  503. Prince George Citizen: 2 & 30 Mar 1950, 3 Jun 1950, 27 Jul 1950, 16 Oct 1950; 2, 16 & 30 Nov 1950; 21 Dec 1950….30 Jan 1958, 20 Nov 1958….21 Feb 1962, 25 May 1962, 20 Jul 1962, 24 Aug 1962, 13 Sep 1962, 7 Nov 1962, 6 Dec 1962….31 Jan 1966, 31 Mar 1966, 6 May 1966, 2 Jun 1966, 5 Aug 1966, 1 Sep 1966, 4 Nov 1966, 2 & 30 Dec 1966….6 Feb 1970, 3 Apr 1970, 1 May 1970, 5 Jun 1970, 4 Sep 1970, 6 Nov 1970, 4 & 31 Dec 1970….5 Apr 1974, 6 Sep 1974, 8 Nov 1974, 31 Dec 1974….4 May 1978, 2 Jun 1978, 7 Jul 1978, 11 Aug 1978, 8 Sep 1978, 3 Nov 1978, 1 Dec 1978….
  504. Prince George Citizen: 28 Feb 1952, 15 Oct 1953, 24 Oct 1955, 8 Oct 1957, 27 Oct 1960, 6 Oct 1961, 10 Oct 1962, 23 Oct 1963, 23 Oct 1964, 1 Oct 1965, 30 Sep 1966, 4 Oct 1968, 1 Oct 1969, 3 Nov 1972, 2 Nov 1973, 4 Oct 1974, 3 Oct 1975, 29 Sep 1976, 27 Sep 1977, 5 Oct 1978, 9 Nov 1979 & 6 Nov 1980
  505. Prince George Citizen: 8 Nov 1951, 24 Nov 1955, 25 Apr 1957, 16 May 1957, 8 Oct 1957, 18 Feb 1958, 8 Apr 1960, 13 Oct 1960, 17 Nov 1960, 11 Jan 1961, 10 Mar 1961, 13 Apr 1961, 9 Mar 1962, 26 Oct 1962, 15 Feb 1963, 11 Apr 1963, 24 May 1963, 9 Oct 1963, 8 Nov 1963, 10 Jan 1964, 7 Feb 1964, 13 Mar 1964, 13 Apr 1964, 6 May 1964, 13 Nov 1964, 11 Dec 1964 & 12 Mar 1965
  506. Prince George Citizen: 30 Aug 1951, 26 Jun 1952, 21 Aug 1952, 13 Jul 1953 & 8 Aug 1957
  507. "Death Certificate (Vernon Charles SCOFIELD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  508. Prince George Citizen, 30 Jan 1988
  509. "Cemetery Project (Amy G. SCOFIELD)". www.geneofun.on.ca.
  510. Prince George Citizen, 13 Aug 1998
  511. Prince George Citizen, 30 Aug 1951
  512. Prince George Citizen, 27 Sep 1951
  513. Prince George Citizen: 29 Oct 1951 & 4 Dec 1952,
  514. Prince George Citizen: 28 Feb 1952, 21 Aug 1952, 25 Jun 1953 & 25 Mar 1963
  515. Prince George Citizen: 1 May 1968 & 23 Apr 1969
  516. "Family tree (Phillip SCOFIELD)". www.geni.com.
  517. Prince George Citizen: 30 Aug 1951 & 20 Mar 1952
  518. "Death Certificate (John Fredrick SCOTT)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  519. Prince George Citizen, 6 Dec 1965
  520. Prince George Citizen, 26 Feb 1953
  521. Prince George Citizen: 23 Nov 1953 & 21 Apr 1955
  522. Prince George Citizen: 29 Aug 1955 & 18 Dec 1961
  523. Prince George Citizen, 20 Sep 1961
  524. Prince George Citizen: 8 & 18 Dec 1961
  525. "Death Certificate (Russel Archie SCOFIELD)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  526. "Obituary (Florence Mildred SCOFIELD)". www.castanet.net.
  527. "Family tree (Florence SCOFIELD)". www.geni.com.
  528. Prince George Citizen: 6 Nov 1967, 12 May 1969, 10 Aug 1982 & 28 Oct 1992
  529. Prince George Citizen: 17 Sep 1951 & 25 Aug 1952
  530. Prince George Citizen: 30 Aug 1951, 31 Dec 1951, 7 Feb 1952 & 29 May 1952
  531. Prince George Citizen, 20 Mar 1952
  532. Prince George Citizen, 21 Aug 1952
  533. Prince George Citizen, 25 Aug 1952
  534. Prince George Citizen: 4 & 25 Dec 1952
  535. Prince George Citizen: 13 Jul 1953, 15 Oct 1953, 24 Mar 1955 & 21 Apr 1955
  536. Prince George Citizen: 22 Nov 1954 & 24 Mar 1955
  537. Prince George Citizen, 24 Jun 1967
  538. Prince George Citizen, 24 Mar 1955
  539. Prince George Citizen: 20 Sep 1957 & 18 Feb 1958
  540. Prince George Citizen, 8 Oct 1958
  541. Prince George Citizen, 22 Sep 1955
  542. Prince George Citizen, 8 Dec 1955
  543. Prince George Citizen: 2 Sep 1960 & 7 Dec 1960
  544. Prince George Citizen, 8 Dec 1961
  545. Prince George Citizen: 29 Nov 1966 & 29 Nov 1967
  546. Prince George Citizen: 5 Jul 1979, 3 Aug 1979, 5 Oct 1979, 7 & 29 Feb 1980, 21 Apr 1981, 20 Sep 1986, 10 Apr 1987, 17 Sep 1987, 12 Feb 1988, 13 Sep 1988, 27 Oct 1990, 26 Apr 1995, 19 Sep 1997, 18 Sep 1999, 28 Sep 2002 & 25 Sep 2015
  547. Prince George Citizen: 15 Jun 1979, 10 Oct 1980, 6 Mar 1981, 19 Mar 1982, 23 Apr 1982, 28 May 1982, 9 Sep 1982, 10 Dec 1982, 25 Feb 1983, 21 Sep 1983, 21 Oct 1983, 23 Nov 1983, 27 Jan 1984, 15 Mar 1984, 25 May 1984, 27 Sep 1984, 15 Feb 1985, 1 May 1985, 20 Sep 1985, 13 Dec 1985, 14 Feb 1986, 25 Oct 1986, 13 Feb 1987, 23 Oct 1987, 28 Oct 1988, 27 Oct 1989, 26 Oct 1991, 30 Oct 1993, 28 Oct 1994 & 24 Oct 1997
  548. Prince George Citizen: 28 Aug 1981, 22 Jul 1997, 11 Aug 1997, 31 Oct 1997 & 14 Feb 2002
  549. Prince George Citizen: 9, 10 & 15 Feb 1984; & 25 Jan 1985
  550. Prince George Citizen: 24 Jan 1986 & 8 Feb 1991
  551. Prince George Citizen: 18 Feb 1989, 13 Jun 1989 & 8 Dec 1989
  552. Prince George Citizen, 13 May 2014
  553. Prince George Citizen, 5 Aug 1937
  554. Prince George Citizen: 9 & 16 Feb 1950
  555. Prince George Citizen, 5 Jul 1951
  556. Prince George Citizen: 16 Aug 1951 & 22 Nov 1954
  557. Prince George Citizen: 16 Aug 1951, 10 Nov 1952, 17 Jul 1958 & 16 Oct 1989
  558. "Death Certificate (Ross Graham Davis)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  559. Prince George Citizen: 12, 16 & 19 Jul 1965
  560. Prince George Citizen, 27 Nov 1969
  561. Prince George Citizen: 5 Jul 1951, 13 Jun 1957 & 2 Dec 1985
  562. Prince George Citizen: 16 Aug 1951, 10 Mar 1952, 25 Dec 1952, 24 Dec 1957 & 13 Jan 1982
  563. Prince George Citizen, 16 May 1980
  564. Prince George Citizen, 24 Jun 1980
  565. Prince George Citizen: 9 Sep 1982 & 10 Dec 1982
  566. Prince George Citizen: 5 & 9 Jul 1984
  567. Prince George Citizen, 26 Jan 1985
  568. Prince George Citizen, 19 Jul 1985
  569. Prince George Citizen, 14 Nov 1985
  570. Prince George Citizen, 8 May 1986
  571. "Death Certificate (David Peter HRYNIUK)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  572. Prince George Citizen, 20 Feb 1995
  573. Prince George Citizen, 8 Feb 1996
  574. Prince George Citizen, 2 Dec 1996
  575. Prince George Citizen, 19 Sep 2001
  576. "Ferndale-Tabor Fire Hall". www.bcfiretrucks.com.
  577. Prince George Citizen: 18 & 19 Feb 2012; 21 Apr 2012; 18, 29 & 30 Jan 2013; 15 Feb 2013; 11 Apr 2013; 4, 16, 19, 20 Jul 2013; 29 Aug 2013; 7 Dec 2013; 12 Feb 2014; & 28 Nov 2014
  578. Prince George Citizen: 10 Feb 2011, 26 Mar 2011, 13 Aug 2011 & 24 Nov 2012
  579. Prince George Citizen, 9 Apr 2016
  580. Perry 1958, p. 2.
  581. Prince George Herald, 27 Aug 1915
  582. "Death Certificate (Arnold Karl BERTSCHI)". www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca.
  583. Prince George Citizen: 10 Nov 1922, 8 Jul 1926, 8 Jan 1951 & 9 Sep 1954
  584. Prince George Citizen: 17 Jun 1943, 15 Jun 1944 & 7 Jun 1951
  585. Prince George Citizen: 17 May 1945, 5 May 1949, 19 Apr 1951, 17 May 1951 & 21 May 1957
  586. Prince George Citizen: 7 Jul 1966, 26 Jul 1968 & 21 Oct 1968
  587. Prince George Citizen, 3 Aug 1977
  588. Prince George Citizen, 13 Oct 1992
  589. Prince George Citizen: 16 Jun 1960 & 7 Feb 1961
  590. Prince George Citizen, 24 May 1996
  591. "Utility Extensions". www.rdffg.bc.ca.

References
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