Ferula tingitana

Giant Tangier fennel
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Apiaceae
Genus:	Ferula
Species:	F. tingitana
Binomial name
	Ferula tingitana; L.

Ferula tingitana, the giant Tangier fennel, is a species of the Apiaceae genus Ferula. Despite the name, the plant is not a type of fennel proper, which belongs to another genus (Foeniculum).

Ferula tingitana is a tall perennial herb. It has alternate leaf arrangement and yellow, unisexual flowers which, like other Apiaceae, grow in umbels. It grows in scrubland (batha and phrygana) and rocky areas.[1] Its range is the Mediterranean coast, in Spain, Morocco, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Cyprus, and Turkey.[2] [3] In the 1980s there was chemical interest in esters and ethers extracted from it.[4][5][6]

This species has been considered to have abortive and menstruation-inducing properties.[7] The species has been suggested as a possible identity for the controversial silphium, a plant used as a spice and for various medical purposes in classical antiquity in the Mediterranean region.[8] Among the many uses of silphium was promoting menstruation, and possibly contraceptive or abortifacient properties, which has been suggested to link it to Ferula.

References

"Ferula tingitana L." Flora of Israel Online. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original on 2012-09-30.
"Ferula tingitana L." Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
"Ferula tingitana L." The Euro+Med PlantBase.
Miski, M.; Ulubelen, A.; Mabry, T. J.; Watson, W. H.; Vickovic, I.; Holub, M. (1984). "A New Sesquiterpene Ester from Ferula tingitana". Tetrahedron. 40 (24): 5197–5201. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91270-0.
Miski, M.; Mabry, T. J. (1986). "New Daucane Esters from Ferula tingitana". Journal of Natural Products. 49 (4): 657–660. doi:10.1021/np50046a016. PMID 3783161.
Miski, M.; Ulubelen, A. (1985). "Sesquiterpene-Coumarin Ethers of Ferula tingitana". Journal of Natural Products. 48 (2): 326–327. doi:10.1021/np50038a024. PMID 4009187.
Jöchlea, W. (1974). "Menses-Inducing Drugs: Their Role in Antique, Medieval and Renaissance Gynecology and Birth Control". Contraception. 10 (4): 425–439. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(74)90042-0. PMID 4614935.
Koerper, H.; Kolls, A. L. (1999). "The Silphium Motif Adorning Ancient Libyan Coinage: Marketing a Medicinal Plant". Economic Botany. 53 (2): 133–143. doi:10.1007/BF02866492. JSTOR 4256173. S2CID 32144481.

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[1] "Ferula tingitana L." Flora of Israel Online. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Archived from the original on 2012-09-30.

[2] "Ferula tingitana L." Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

[3] "Ferula tingitana L." The Euro+Med PlantBase.

[4] Miski, M.; Ulubelen, A.; Mabry, T. J.; Watson, W. H.; Vickovic, I.; Holub, M. (1984). "A New Sesquiterpene Ester from Ferula tingitana". Tetrahedron. 40 (24): 5197–5201. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91270-0.

[5] Miski, M.; Mabry, T. J. (1986). "New Daucane Esters from Ferula tingitana". Journal of Natural Products. 49 (4): 657–660. doi:10.1021/np50046a016. PMID 3783161.

[6] Miski, M.; Ulubelen, A. (1985). "Sesquiterpene-Coumarin Ethers of Ferula tingitana". Journal of Natural Products. 48 (2): 326–327. doi:10.1021/np50038a024. PMID 4009187.

[7] Jöchlea, W. (1974). "Menses-Inducing Drugs: Their Role in Antique, Medieval and Renaissance Gynecology and Birth Control". Contraception. 10 (4): 425–439. doi:10.1016/0010-7824(74)90042-0. PMID 4614935.

[8] Koerper, H.; Kolls, A. L. (1999). "The Silphium Motif Adorning Ancient Libyan Coinage: Marketing a Medicinal Plant". Economic Botany. 53 (2): 133–143. doi:10.1007/BF02866492. JSTOR 4256173. S2CID 32144481.