Feudal barony of Okehampton

The feudal barony of Okehampton was a very large feudal barony, the largest mediaeval fiefdom in the county of Devon, England,[1] whose caput was Okehampton Castle and manor. It was one of eight feudal baronies in Devonshire which existed during the mediaeval era.[2]

"A view of Okehampton Castle and town taken in the park", 1772 drawing by Francis Towne (1739–1816), Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, USA
Remains of Okehampton Castle today

Descent

First folio of listing of Devonshire manors held by Baldwin the Sheriff, forming the feudal barony of Okehampton, Domesday Book, 1086.

The first holder of the feudal barony of Okehampton was Baldwin FitzGilbert (dead by Jan 1091) called in the Latin Domesday Book of 1086 Baldvinus Vicecomes, "Baldwin the Viscount" (of Devon), an office which equated to the earlier Saxon office of Sheriff of Devon. As younger son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne, he was cousin of William the Conqueror.[1] His fiefdom listed in Domesday Book comprised 176 land-holdings, mostly manors, but 2 of which, listed first, comprised groups of houses in Barnstaple and Exeter. The third holding listed for his fiefdom is Okehampton: Ipse Balduin ten(et) de rege Ochementone, ibi sedet castellum ("Baldwin himself (i.e. in demesne) holds Okehampton from the king, there sits his castle"). The nature of the feudal land tenure for feudal barons was per baroniam, that is to say they were bound to serve the king as one of his barons, which involved onerous duties not only of attending parliaments to advise the king but also of providing knights and soldiers for military service to the royal army for specified periods each year. The baron himself was frequently present in battle.

Norman

The descent of Okehampton in the family of Baldwin fitzGilbert was as follows:[3]

  • Baldwin FitzGilbert (dead by Jan 1091), Sheriff of Devon. All three of his sons died successively without children.
  • William FitzBaldwin (died 1096), son of Baldwin, died without children
  • Robert FitzBaldwin (died 1101), brother of William, died without children
  • Richard FitzBaldwin (died 1137), brother of Robert, Sheriff of Devon in 1096 and/or 1116, died without children. He founded Brightley Priory[4]

The ownership of Okehampton then becomes obscure for two decades,[3] before it was held by a descendant of Baldwin fitzGilbert.

  • Maud d'Avranches (died 1173), daughter and sole-heiress of Robert d'Avranches, who was son of William fitzWimund by a daughter of Baldwin fitzGilbert.[5] She married firstly William de Curci (died pre 1162), by him having a daughter Hawise. As a widow, she would remarry to Robert FitzRoy (died 1172), a natural son of King Henry I of England. By her second husband Maud had a further daughter, Maud du Sap (died 1224). Maud du Sap, following her father's death, became a royal ward, and King Henry II married her to Reginald I de Courtenay (died 1190).
  • Hawise de Curci (died 1219), daughter Maud by William de Curci, married the step-son of her half-sister, Reginald de Courtenay. Through this marriage, the barony came into the possession of the Courtenay family.

Courtenay

Arms of Courtenay: Or, three torteaux

List of constituent manors

The barony comprised originally the following manors held in-chief per baroniam by Baldwin the Sheriff, in order of Domesday Book listing:[11]

No.Name of manorHundredBaldwin's tenantPre-1066 tenant
119 houses in ExeterHundredUnknownLordship of King Edward the Confessor
26 destroyed houses in BarnstapleHundredUnknownUnknown
3OkehamptonLiftonin demesneOsferth
4ChichacottLiftonRogerBrictmer
5Bratton ClovellyLiftonin demesneBrictric
6BoasleyLiftonRolfBrictric
7BridestoweLiftonRalpf de PomeroyEdmer
8GermansweekLiftonRainerEdnoth
9LewtrenchardLiftonRoger de MeullesBrictric
10WarsonLiftonRoger of MeullesWaddell
11KellyLiftonModbertOsferth
12DuntertonLiftonRalph de BruyèreBrictmer
13GuscottLiftonColwinBrictric
14Sampford CourtenayTorringtonin demesneNorman
15BelstoneTorringtonRichardOsferth
16DunslandTorringtonCadioWulfric
17MonkokehamptonTorringtonBaldwin's tenantre 1066 tenant
18ExbourneTorringtonRogerAelmer
19HighamptonTorringtonRogerBrictmer
20LashbrookTorringtonRogerAlgar Long
21BradfordTorringtonin demesneAlgar Long
22KigbeareTorringtonRainerSaewin
23InwardleighTorringtonOtelinIngvar
24OakTorringtonRichardOsgot
25GorhuishTorringtonBernardAlnoth
26Broadwood KellyTorringtonModbertLeofric
27HoneychurchTorringtonWalterAlwin Black
28MiddlecottTorringtonRanulfAlwold
29BrixtonTorringtonRichardWulfnoth
30MiddlecottTorringtonRichardAlwold
31AshmansworthyHartlandGilbertBrictmer
32YarnscombeHartlandRobertGodwin
33ParkhamMertonRichardAlgar
34Little TorringtonMertonBaldwin's tenantEdmer
35Heanton SatchvilleMertonRalph de BruyereEdwin
36PotheridgeMertonAubreyUlf
37StockleighMertonAubreyColwin
38WoolladonMertonAubreySaewin
39MeethMertonBernardAlnoth
40LandcrossMertonRobertAelfeva
41WoolleighMertonColwinAlsi
42HelescaneMertonWilliamEdric
43ChawleighShebbearin demesneSiward
44DoltonShebbearWilliam son of WimundUlf
MelhuishWonfordHugh de RennesBrictmer of Rillaton

References

  1. Thorn & Thorn, part 2, chapter 16
  2. Sanders, Contents, pp. ix-xi; the others being Bampton, Bradninch, Great Torrington, Barnstaple, Berry Pomeroy, Totnes, Plympton
  3. Sanders, p.69
  4. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, vol.IV, p.309
  5. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants, p. 263
  6. Sanders, pp.70,138
  7. Sanders, p.70
  8. Sanders, p.138
  9. Pole, p.5
  10. Historic England. "OKEHAMPTON CASTLE (440855)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  11. Thorne & Thorne, part 1, chap.16

Sources

  • Thorn, Caroline; Thorn, Frank (1985). "chapter 16". Domesday Book. John Morris. Vol. 9. Devon: Phillimore Press. pp. parts 1 & 2, holdings of Baldwin the Sheriff.
  • Sanders, I.J. (1960). English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327. Oxford. pp. 69–70, Barony of Okehampton.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Pole, William (1791). Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon. London. pp. 2–5, Barony of Okehampton.

Further reading

  • Some Account of the Barony and Town of Okehampton: Its antiquities and institutions. Bridges, W. B; Wright, W. H. K.; Rattenbury, J.; Shebbeare, R,; Thomas, C.; Fothergill, H. G. Tiverton: W. Masland, 1889
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