Flathead galaxias (Australia)
The flathead galaxias (Galaxias rostratus) is a freshwater fish found in lowland rivers, streams and associated billabongs, backwaters, and wetlands of the southern Murray-Darling river system in southeastern Australia.
| Flathead galaxias | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Galaxiiformes |
| Family: | Galaxiidae |
| Genus: | Galaxias |
| Species: | G. rostratus |
| Binomial name | |
| Galaxias rostratus Klunzinger, 1872 | |
Flathead galaxias continue a pattern of speciation into upland and lowland habitats found in native Murray-Darling fishes. Flathead galaxias are found in lowland habitats, while the mountain galaxias species complex, containing at least seven species of Galaxias (research is ongoing) are found in upland habitats, as well as "midland" or upland/lowland transitional habitats.
Morphology
The fish is similar in appearance to the common galaxias, except for a distinctly flattened head, larger eyes and longer snout.[2] It has an olive green back and sides with indistinct grey to green blotches and silvery bottom. Adults are commonly 9 cm (3.5 in) in length, but have been found to be up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long.
Conservation
Serious concerns exist for flathead galaxias. They, along with a number of other small native forage fish, are disappearing from vast tracts of the Murray-Darling basin. The species is considered extinct in South Australia.[2] Along with river regulation, destruction of water clarity and submergent macrophytes ("water weed") by exotic, illegally introduced common carp (Cyprinus carpio) appear to be having a devastating effect on this species. Many or all of the small native forage fish of the southern Murray-Darling system apparently used these weeds beds for shelter, feeding, and spawning sites.
References
- Gilligan, D.; Pearce, L.; Raadik, T. (2019). "Galaxias rostratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T8814A129041409. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8814A129041409.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- Gomon, Martin; Bray, Dianne. "Flathead Galaxias, Galaxias rostratus". Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
- "Galaxias rostratus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2005). "Galaxias rostratus" in FishBase. 10 2005 version.