Flemingia vestita

Flemingia vestita (synonyms Flemingia procumbens Roxb.; Moghania vestita (Benth.) ex Baker Kuntze; Moghania procumbens (Roxb.) Mukerjee) famously known as Sohphlang is a nitrogen fixing herb with characteristic tuberous root, belonging to the genus Flemingia. The root is edible and is a common vegetable in some Asian tribal communities. In addition, it has been traditionally used as an anthelmintic, the basis of which is scientifically validated.

Flemingia vestita Or (Sohphlang)
Sohphlang, Ready to Eat
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae alt. Leguminosae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Phaseoleae
Subtribe:
Cajaninae
Genus:
Flemingia
Species:
F. vestita
Binomial name
Flemingia vestita
Benth. ex Baker, 1876

It is found as a wild herb along the mountain slopes of Himalayas. It is distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China, Nepal and Khasi hills , Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya in Northeast India. It is also sparsely found in Laos, Philippines and Vietnam.[1][2]

Description

F. vestita is a perennial herb, having a prostrate but weak stem, measuring about ~60 cm in average. It is highly branched with hairy rhizome and hirsute stems. The roots are tuberous (6 cm or longer). Leaves are pinnately compound with obovate-cuneate leaflets. Leaves are digitately 3-foliolate; and also pubescent like the stem. Lateral leaflets are obliquely elliptic, and slightly smaller. Raceme is axillary or terminal, about 2–10 cm, and densely pubescent; bracts lanceolate. Calyx is 5-lobed; lobes are linear-lanceolate, lower one is longest, longer than the tube. Corolla is slightly longer than calyx and elliptical. Fruits are hairy sub-cylindrical pods. Seed is globose, brown or black in colour. Flowers are bright-red. It flowers during August and September.[3][4]

Chemical constituents

It is rich in bioactive isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, formononetin and pseudobaptigenin.[5]

Uses

Fruit
Sohphlang, Ready to Eat

This juicy tuber is a highly priced food among the Garo , Khasi and Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya, India. In fact its demand as foodstuff has increased so much that it has been cultivated as a cash crop and is regularly available in the local markets.[1] The delicate skin is easily peeled off to expose a smooth cream-coloured flesh that has a sweet, nut-like flavour. In terms of nutritional value, it is particularly rich in phosphorus and proteins.

Medicinal

The tuber has been an indigenous vermifuge among the Khasis, to whom it is called soh-phlang. The raw tuber or the root peel is directly consumed for the treatment of soft-bodied intestinal worms.[6] Experimental investigation started in 1996 when the in vitro activity of tuber peel extract was tested against different helminth parasites, including the nematodes such as Ascaris suum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, a cestode Raillietina echinobothrida and trematodes such as Paramphistomum sp.,[7] Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex and Fasciolopsis buski.[8] In 1991 an isoflavone, genistein was isolated from the tuber extract[5] which was demonstrated to be the major anthelmintic principle, highly potent against trematodes and cestodes. It was further demonstrated effective against the sheep liver fluke Fasciola hepatica[9] and human tapeworms such as Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus metacestodes.[10]

Agriculture

Its property of nitrogen fixation has been put to experimental use. Mixed cropping with F. vestita was found to give better economic returns, mainly due to improved soil fertility with a net gain in nitrogen of up to 250 kg/ha/year.[11]

References
  1. National Research Council (2002). Tropical Legumes: Resources for the Future. Books for Business/ The Minerva Group, Inc. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-0894991929.
  2. van Valkenburg JL, Bunyapraphatsara N, eds. (2001). Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12(2): Medicinal and Poisonous Plants 2. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, The Netherlands. pp. 267–270. ISBN 978-90-5782-099-1.
  3. Chaudhri AB (2005). Forests Plants of Eastern India. Ashish. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-8170245377.
  4. Ren S, Gilbert MG (2010). "FLEMINGIA Roxburgh ex W. T. Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 4: 349. 1812, nom. cons., not Roxburgh ex Rottler (1803)" (PDF). Flora of China. 10 (3): 232–237. ISSN 1043-4534.
  5. Rao HS, Reddy KS (1991). "Isofavones from Flemingia vestita". Fitoterapia. 62 (5): 458.
  6. Hrckova G, Velebny S (2013). Pharmacological Potential of Selected Natural Compounds in the Control of Parasitic Diseases. Springer. p. 64. ISBN 978-3-7091-1324-0.
  7. Tandon V, Pal P, Roy B, Rao HS, Reddy KS (1997). "In vitro anthelmintic activity of root-tuber extract of Flemingia vestita, an indigenous plant in Shillong, India". Parasitol Res. 83 (5): 492–498. doi:10.1007/s004360050286. PMID 9197399. S2CID 25086153.
  8. Roy B, Tandon V (1996). "Effect of root-tuber extract of Flemingia vestita, a leguminous plant, on Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex and Fasciolopsis buski: a scanning electron microscopy study". Parasitol Res. 82 (3): 248–252. doi:10.1007/s004360050104. PMID 8801558. S2CID 18562399.
  9. Toner E, Brennan GP, Wells K, McGeon JG, Fairweather I (2008). "Physiological and morphological effects of genistein against the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica". Parasitology. 135 (10): 1189–1203. doi:10.1017/S0031182008004630. PMID 18771609.
  10. Naguleswaran A, Spicher M, Vonlaufen N, Ortega-Mora LM, Torgerson P, Gottstein B, Hemphill A (2006). "In vitro metacestodicidal activities of genistein and other isoflavones against Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 50 (11): 3770–3778. doi:10.1128/AAC.00578-06. PMC 1635224. PMID 16954323.
  11. Gangwar AK, Ramakrishnan PS (1989). "Cultivation and use of lesser-known plants of food value by tribals in north-east India". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 25 (2–3): 253–267. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(89)90056-X.
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