Carbonation

Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid.[1] In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.

In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal oxides (M'O) react with CO₂ to give bicarbonates and carbonates:

MOH + CO₂ → M(HCO₃)

M'O + CO₂ → M'CO₃

In reinforced concrete, the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide in the air and calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium silicate in the concrete is known as neutralisation. The similar reaction in which calcium hydroxide from cement reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate is carbonatation.

Henry's law

Henry's law states that P_CO₂=K_Bx_CO₂ where P_CO₂ is the partial pressure of CO₂ gas above the solution. K_B is Henry's law constant. K_B increases as temperature increases. x_CO₂ is the mole fraction of CO₂ gas in the solution. According to Henry's law carbonation increases in a solution as temperature decreases.[2]

Since carbonation is the process of giving compounds like carbonic acid (liq) from CO₂ (gas) {i.e. making liquid from gasses} thus the partial pressure of CO₂ has to decrease or the mole fraction of CO₂ in solution has to increase {P_CO₂/x_CO₂ = K_B} and both these two conditions support increase in carbonation.

References

"Impregnation or treatment with carbon dioxide; conversion into a carbonate."Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2018.
"Henry's Law". ChemEngineering. Tangient LLC. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.

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[1] "Impregnation or treatment with carbon dioxide; conversion into a carbonate."Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2018.

[2] "Henry's Law". ChemEngineering. Tangient LLC. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.

Organometallic chemistry
Principles	Crystal field theory Ligand field theory 18-electron rule d electron count Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory Isolobal principle π backbonding Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model Hapticity spin states Agostic interaction Metal–ligand multiple bond
Reactions	Oxidative addition / reductive elimination Migratory insertion β-hydride elimination Transmetalation Carbometalation
Types of compounds	Gilman reagents Grignard reagents Cyclopentadienyl complexes Transition metal indenyl complexes Transition metal fullerene complexes Metallocenes Metal tetranorbornyls Sandwich compounds Half sandwich compounds Transition metal acyl complexes Transition metal carbene complexes Transition metal carbyne complexes Transition metal alkene complexes Transition metal alkyne complexes Transition-metal allyl complexes Transition metal carbides
Applications	Carbonylation Cativa process Grignard reaction Monsanto process Olefin metathesis Shell higher olefin process Ziegler–Natta process
Related branches of chemistry	Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Bioinorganic chemistry