Franjo Malgaj

Franjo Malgaj (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a Slovenian soldier, military leader and poet. He was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I, he became one of the commanding officers in the Slovene volunteer army under Rudolf Maister's command that fought against German Austrian units during the struggle for the northern Slovenian borderlands. He later became an officer in the Army of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He died during the Austrian-Yugoslav struggles in 1919. He is considered a Slovenian national hero.[1]

Franjo Malgaj
Franjo Malgaj in 1918 or 1919 wearing a Kingdom of SHS uniform
Born(1894-11-10)November 10, 1894
Hruševec, Šentjur, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Slovenia)
DiedMay 6, 1919(1919-05-06) (aged 24)
Tolsti Vrh near Dravograd in Carinthia
Allegiance Austria-Hungary
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Unit87th Infantry regiment (Austria-Hungary)
"Maister's fighters"
Battles/warsWorld War I
Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia

Education and military career

He was born in Hruševec near the Lower Styrian town of Šentjur, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now in Slovenia). After finishing the elementary school in the nearby Styrian town of Celje, he enrolled in the Celje First Grammar School. He later studied in the Carniolan town of Kranj and in Pazin (Istria).

After graduating from the school for infantry reserve officers in Graz, he participated in the Italian campaign during World War I. He participated in the first and second battles of the Isonzo, where he contracted Typhoid fever. After recovering, he was transferred to the Tyrolean sector of the front. For his bold attacks on the Italian stronghold on Monte Zebio he received the Golden Medal and transferred to the 87th Infantry regiment in Celje. In October 1918, he started to study law at the University of Graz.

Slovenian military leader

After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in late October 1918, he joined the Slovene volunteer army established by Rudolf Maister. This army, known as "Maister's fighters" (Slovene: Maistrovi borci), seized the Slovene-inhabited territories in Lower Styria, and fought against the forces of the German Austria for the border areas in Styria and Carinthia.

In early November, Malgaj gathered a group of Slovene volunteers around Celje and marched into southeast Carinthia (in what is now known as Slovenian Carinthia). Together with General Maister and a company of volunteers composed of soldiers of the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia that were retreating from imprisonment in Austria, he reached Lavamünd and captured the Carinthian town of Völkermarkt (Slovene: Velikovec) in late November 1918.

Death

Accounts vary regarding his death. He either committed suicide on May 6, 1919, at Tolsti Vrh near Dravograd in Carinthia after being surrounded by Austrian soldiers, or he died after he accidentally activated a hand grenade attached to his belt. Unconfirmed rumors suggest he was shot by a group of soldiers from Serbia with whom he was allegedly in conflict.[2]

He was buried in the Carinthian town of Guštanj (now Ravne na Koroškem).

Legacy

On the 90th anniversary of Malgaj's death, his memoirs from 1914 to 1919 were published. A primary school in Šentjur was named after him.[3] Malgaj is well known in Slovenia because he led the group of Maister's soldiers that captured Meža and the Meža Valley for Slovenia after the First World War.

References
  1. Kranjc, Marijan F. (15 May 2009). "Predstavitev nove knjige - Franjo Malgaj, VOJNI SPOMINI 1914-1919" [Book unveiling - Franjo Malgaj, WAR MEMORIES 1914-1919]. Napovednik (in Slovenian). Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  2. Turk, Juš (21 September 2001). "Tisto čudno ime iz križank" [That weird name from crossword puzzles]. Dnevnik (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011. (translated) According to Bibiana, when the Serbs penetrated towards Velikovcu with their unit after the end of the First World War in Carinthia, they shot him in the back due to a dispute.
  3. "OŠ Franja Malgaja Šentjur" [Franjo Malgaj Šentjur School] (in Slovenian). Retrieved 7 January 2021.
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