Frederick Patterson
Frederick Douglas Patterson (1871 – 1932) was an American entrepreneur, known for running the family business, C.R. Patterson and Sons, and he is the creator of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile of 1915.
Frederick Douglas Patterson | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 17, 1871 Greenfield, Ohio, US |
| Died | January 18, 1932 (aged 60) |
| Other names | Fred Patterson |
| Employer | C.R. Patterson and Sons |
| Known for | First African American car manufacturer |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent |
|
While in college at Ohio State University, he was the first African American to play on its football team. He returned to Greenfield, Ohio to join his father in his carriage business, which became C.R. Patterson and Sons. The younger man saw opportunity in the new horseless carriages, and converted the company in the early 1900s to manufacture automobiles, making 150 of them. Later he shifted to making buses and trucks, and renamed his company as Greenfield Bus Body Company.
Early life and education
Named after the noted abolitionist, Frederick Douglas Patterson was born in 1871, one of five children of Josephine Utz (aka Outz or Qutz) and Charles Richard Patterson.[1][2] His siblings were Mary, Catherine "Kate", Dollie, and his younger brother Samuel C.[3][1]
Their father was a former slave who had left to Greenfield, Ohio from Virginia shortly before the American Civil War.[4][5] After getting established as a blacksmith in town, Charles married Josephine Utz, a young local mulatto woman of German descent.[1][3] In 1873, Charles and J.P. Lowe, a white carriage maker, established a successful carriage manufacturing business called J.P. Lowe & Company.[4]
The Pattersons cared deeply about the education of their two sons, Frederick and Samuel.[1] Frederick graduated from the old Greenfield High School in 1888 and went on to Ohio State University. While at the university, he played on the football team in his junior year on the 1891 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, the first African American to do so.[6] He withdrew from college in his senior year before graduating, taking a job as a high school history teacher in Louisville, Kentucky.[6] It was a different career than his father's business, where his brother Samuel was already working.[4]
Family business
Frederick Douglas Patterson took over the business after his father died in 1910.[4][7] Seeing the rise of "horseless carriages", Patterson started development of the first Patterson-Greenfield car, completed in 1915.[4][8] His two styles competed with Henry Ford's model T and sold for $685.[9] He was the first African American to own and operate a car manufacturing company.[9]
After producing somewhere between 30 and 150 vehicles and give money to the poor, he having difficulty getting financing for expansion, Patterson decided to change his business rather than compete head on with the major Detroit industry.[9]
In 1920, he changed the name of his company to Greenfield Bus Body Company. He built bodies for trucks and buses set upon a chassis made by other manufacturers.[9] The Great Depression had a devastating effect on his company, as widespread financial problems caused his customers to cut back on bus orders. Patterson died in 1932.[4] His son, Postell Patterson (1906–1981), who had worked with him, closed the business in 1939.[3]
No Patterson-Greenfield autos are known to exist (as of 2004), but some of his father's C.R. Patterson & Sons Company carriages have survived.[3]
Patterson is featured on the documentary series Profiles of African-American Success.
Personal life
Family
Patterson married in 1899, later fathering sons Frederick Postell Patterson (1903–1973) and Postell Patterson (1906–1981).[3]
Politics and religion
Patterson was a Methodist. At a time of a rise in fraternal organizations, he joined the Freemasons, where he rose to the level of Worshipful Master of the Greenfield Cedar Grove Masonic Lodge#17. Patterson also joined the Third Wind Foraker club.
He became 2nd vice-president of the National Negro Business League during Booker T. Washington's term as leader.[3]
Patterson joined the Republican Party and served as a Greenfield's annual delegate to the Ohio Republican Party caucus. As a delegate and an African-American businessman, he was important to the Warren G. Harding 1920 campaign in turning out the Ohio black vote. For his work in the 1920 election, he was rewarded with a position as alternate delegate to the 1924 Republican National Convention.
References
- Reginald Larrie, Black History Feature: "He Was Owner of an Auto Factory", Baltimore Afro-American, August 8, 1980, accessed May 5, 2013
- Smith, Jessie Carney (December 1, 2012). Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events. Visible Ink Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-57859-425-2.
- Theobald, Mark (2004). "C.R. Patterson; Greenfield Bus Body Co. Dines & Simpson, 1850s-1873; J.P. Lowe & Co. (Lowe & Patterson), 1873-1893; C.R. Patterson, Son & Company, successors to Lowe and Patterson, 1893-1897; C. R. Patterson & Sons Co., 1897-1921; Greenfield Bus Body Company, 1921-1938; Greenfield, Ohio". Coachbuilt.
- Berk, Brett (February 15, 2019). "The Little-Known Tale of the Only African American Automaker". Car and Driver. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
- "C.R. Patterson and Sons is the first Black-owned car company in the U.S." Autoblog. June 19, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
- Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-breaking and Pioneering Historical Events, edited by Jessie Carney Smith (1994); 2nd edition, Visible Ink Press, 2003, pp. 78-79
- Hartshorn, William Newton (1910). An Era of Progress and Promise: 1863-1910. p. 448.
- Wolny, Philip (July 15, 2017). African American Entrepreneurs: Stories of Success. Lucent Library of Black History. Greenhaven Publishing. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-1-5345-6079-6.
- "The Only African American Automobile Company". National Museum of African American History and Culture. Smithsonian. October 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2020.