Free-form deformation

In computer graphics, free-form deformation (FFD) is a geometric technique used to model simple deformations of rigid objects. It is based on the idea of enclosing an object within a cube or another hull object, and transforming the object within the hull as the hull is deformed. Deformation of the hull is based on the concept of so-called hyper-patches, which are three-dimensional analogs of parametric curves such as Bézier curves, B-splines, or NURBs. The technique was first described by Thomas W. Sederberg and Scott R. Parry in 1986,[1] and is based on an earlier technique by Alan Barr.[2] It was extended by Coquillart to a technique described as extended free-form deformation, which refines the hull object by introducing additional geometry or by using different hull objects such as cylinders and prisms.[3]


Applications

References
  1. Sederberg, Thomas W.; Parry, Scott R. (1986). "Free-form deformation of solid geometric models". ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 20. pp. 151–160. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.396.2148. doi:10.1145/15886.15903.
  2. Barr, A. H. (July 1984). "Global and local deformations of solid primitives". Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. Vol. 18. pp. 21–30. doi:10.1145/800031.808573. ISBN 978-0897911382. S2CID 16162806.
  3. Coquillart, S. (September 1990). "Extended free-form deformation: A sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling" (PDF). ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. Vol. 24. pp. 187–196. doi:10.1145/97880.97900.
  4. Nonrigid Registration Using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images archived: "Nonrigid Registration using Free-Form Deformations: Application to Breast MR Images".


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