Freedmen massacres

The Freedmen massacres were a series of attacks on African-Americans which occurred in the states of the former Confederacy during Reconstruction, in the aftermath of the American Civil War. Many of these incidents were the result of a struggle over political power, especially after the voting rights of freedmen were protected through the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[1]

With reference to emancipation, we are at the beginning of the war.

— David L. Swain, former governor of North Carolina, 1865. as quoted in Eric Foner's Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution
Anti-black violence during Reconstruction
IncidentYearMonthStateCounty
or parish		Notes
Memphis massacre186605TennnesseeShelby
New Orleans massacre186607LouisianaOrleans
Camilla massacre186809GeorgiaMitchell
Opelousas massacre186809LouisianaOpelousas
1868 St. Bernard Parish Massacre186810LouisianaSt. Bernard
Millican massacre[2]186807TexasBrazos Jackson County War1869n/aFloridaJacksonOngoing for almost two years
Meridian race riot of 1871187103MississippiLauderdale
Colfax massacre 1873 04 Louisiana Grant
Election Massacre of 1874 1874 11 Alabama Barbour
Coushatta massacre 1874 08 Louisiana Red River
Vicksburg Massacre[3] 1874 12 Mississippi Warren
Battle of Liberty Place 1874 09 Louisiana New Orleans
Clinton Riot 1875 09 Mississippi Hinds
Hamburg massacre 1876 07 South Carolina Aiken
Ellenton riot 1876 09 South Carolina Aiken
Thomas Nast illustration of the New Orleans massacre of 1866

See also

References
  1. "Southern Violence During Reconstruction". American Experience (PBS). Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  2. Jones, Halle (2022-02-02). "1868 Millican Massacre: The secret left out of Brazos Valley History". 25 News KXXV and KRHD. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  3. Fedell, Vera Ann (2022-12-16). "VICKSBURG FACTS: The bloody steps to the Vicksburg Massacre". The Vicksburg Post. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
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