Frontier Estate

Frontier Estate was a sugar plantation located in Port Maria, Jamaica.[1] The estate covered 1.415 acres which were worked by 325 enslaved Africans in 1832.[2] Following emancipation in 1834, the formerly enslaved Africans were obliged to remain on the plantations as "apprentices", whereby they worked as before for three-quarters of their time, but were free to sell their labour outside these hours.[3] Originally planned to last eight years, public pressure brought these "apprenticeships" to an end in 1838. At this time there were 268 "apprentices".[2]

Frontier Estate, 1825 by James Hakewill

Frontier Estate on map by James Robertson, 1804

References

"Frontier Estate". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
Higman, B. W. (2001). Jamaica Surveyed: Plantation Maps and Plans of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Mona: University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 9789766401139.
"The end of slavery | Apprenticeship: slavery by another name? | Freedom from slavery | Against Slavery | Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery | PortCities Bristol". www.discoveringbristol.org.uk. Bristol City Council. Retrieved 3 June 2019.

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[LBS-1] "Frontier Estate". www.ucl.ac.uk. University College London. Retrieved 3 June 2019.

[Higman-2] Higman, B. W. (2001). Jamaica Surveyed: Plantation Maps and Plans of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Mona: University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 9789766401139.

[db-3] "The end of slavery | Apprenticeship: slavery by another name? | Freedom from slavery | Against Slavery | Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery | PortCities Bristol". www.discoveringbristol.org.uk. Bristol City Council. Retrieved 3 June 2019.