Fuheng

Fuheng (Chinese: 傅恒; pinyin: Fùhéng; Manchu: ᡶᡠᡥᡝᠩ, Möllendorff: fuheng, Abkai: fuheng; Burmese: ဖူဟင်း; 1720 – July 1770), courtesy name Chunhe (春和), was a Qing dynasty official from the Manchu Fuca clan and the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners,[1] and was a younger brother of the Empress Xiaoxianchun. He served as a senior minister at the court of his brother-in-law, the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to his death in 1770. He is best known for leading the Qing troops in the fourth and last invasion of Burma in the Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769).

In this Manchu name, the given name is Fuheng. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the clan name Fuca.
Fuheng
Chief Grand Councillor
In office
1748–1770
Preceded byNecin
Succeeded byYengišan
Grand Councillor
In office
1745 – 1770
(as the Chief Grand Councillor since 1748)
Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall
In office
1748–1770
Assistant Grand Secretary
In office
1748–1748
Minister of Revenue
In office
1747–1748
Serving with Liang Shizheng
Preceded byHaiwang
Succeeded byYengišan
Personal details
Born1720
DiedJuly 1770
Beijing, China
RelationsEmpress Xiaoxianchun (sister)
Yonglian (nephew)
Gurun Princess Hejing (niece)
Yongcong (nephew)
ChildrenFuk'anggan (son)
Fulong'an (second son)
Military service
AllegianceQing dynasty
Branch/serviceManchu Bordered Yellow Banner
Years of service1740–1770
RankGeneral
CommandsBurma Campaign (1768–1769)
Battles/warsXinjiang War (1755–1757)
Sino-Burmese War (1765–1769) (1768–1769)

Prior to his appointment as the commander-in-chief of the Burma campaign, Fuheng was chief grand councilor to the emperor, and one of the emperor's most trusted advisers. Fuheng was one of the few senior officials that fully backed the Qianlong Emperor's decision to eliminate the Dzungars in the 1750s when most at the court thought war was too risky. His nephew Mingrui was a son-in-law of the emperor, and led the Burma campaign of 1767–1768.[2] His son Fuk'anggan was a senior general in the Qing military.

Fuheng was unsuccessful in the Burma campaign. In December 1769, he signed a truce with the Burmese, which the emperor did not accept. He died of malaria, which he contracted during his three-month invasion of Burma, when he got back to Beijing.[3]

Family
  • Princess Consort, of the Yehe-Nara clan (福晋那拉氏):
  • Concubine, of the Li clan (李氏):
    • Fu Chang'an, Marquess of Chengjing (誠靖侯 福長安; 1760 – 1810), adopted son
  • Concubine, of the Sugiya clan (孙佳氏)
  • Unknown:
    • Fulong'an, Duke Zhongyong (一等忠勇公 福隆安; 1746 – 1784),[4] second son
    • Fuling'an, Knight Commandant of the Cloud (雲騎尉 福靈安; d.1767), first son
    • Lady Fuca (富察氏; d.1813)
      • married Prince Yongxing, Qianlong Emperor's 11th son with Consort Jia, and had issue ( two sons and two daughters)
    • Lady Fuca (富察氏)
      • married Chunying, Prince Rui , and had issue (two sons)

See also

References
  1. Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Fu-hêng" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
  2. Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
  3. Charles Patterson Giersch (2006). Asian borderlands: the transformation of Qing China's Yunnan frontier. Harvard University Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 0674021711.
  4. married Qianlong Emperor's fourth daughter
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