Motor fuel taxes in Canada

In Canada, motor vehicles are primarily powered by gasoline or diesel fuel. Other energy sources include ethanol, biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), electric batteries charged from an external source, and hydrogen. Canada, like most countries, has excise taxes and other taxes on gasoline, diesel, and other liquid and gas motor fuels (collectively called fuel taxes), and also taxes electricity at various administrative levels. Most provinces and territories in Canada also have taxes on these motor fuels, and some metropolitan areas such as Montreal, Greater Vancouver, and Victoria impose additional taxes.

Additionally, Canada's federal (national) government collects value-added tax (GST) across the country, and some provincial governments also collect a provincial sales tax (PST), which may be combined with the GST into a single harmonized sales tax (HST). HST, GST, or GST + PST where applicable, are calculated on the retail price including the excise taxes.[1]

Fuel tax rates across Canada

Gasoline
Gasoline Fuel Taxes by Province/Territory (cents per litre) (Effective 6 January, 2023)
Government Federal Excise Tax (CAD¢/L) [2] Prov/Terr Excise Tax (CAD¢/L) Fed
Carbon tax (CAD¢/L) [3]		 Prov
Carbon tax (CAD¢/L)		 Local Fuel Levy (CAD¢/L) Total Pre-Sales tax (CAD¢/L) HST, GST, or GST + PST/QST
(%)		 Minimum tax incl. sales taxes
(CAD¢/L)		 Min. tax
(CAD¢/US gal)
Canada (average) 1010.81 10.2531.069.2%36.78139.01
Newfoundland and Labrador 1014.50 [4] 8.84 [5]33.3415%43.34163.83
Prince Edward Island 108.47 [6] 6.63 [7]25.1015%32.13121.44
Nova Scotia 1015.50 [8] [nb 1][9]25.5015%33.15125.31
New Brunswick 1010.87 [10] 8.84 [10] 29.7115%34.86131.77
Quebec[nb 2] 1019.20 [11] [nb 3][12]29.2014.975%37.95143.43
Montréal, QC 10 19.20 [11] 3 [13] 32.20 14.975% 37.02 195.26
Ontario 109.0 [14] 11.05 [15] 30.0513%34.47130.48
Manitoba 1014 [16] 11.05 [17] 35.0535.05159.13
Saskatchewan 1015 [18] 11.05 [19] 36.055%39.66149.90
Alberta 1013 [20] 11.05 [21] 34.055%37.46141.58
British Columbia[nb 4] 107.75 [22] 11.05 [23] 6.75 [22]35.555%32.46122.70
Vancouver, BC 10 1.75 [22] 11.05 [23] 6.75 + 18.5 [22] 48.05 5% 52.86 199.79
Victoria, BC 10 7.75 [22] 11.05 [23] 6.75 + 5.5 [22] 41.05 5% 38.56 145.74
Yukon 106.20 [24] 11.05 [25] 27.255%29.98113.31
Northwest Territories 1010.70 [26] 11.70 [27]32.405%35.64134.72
Nunavut 106.40 [28] 11.05 [29] 27.455%30.20137.09

Diesel
Diesel Fuel Taxes by Province/Territory (cents per litre) (Effective April 1, 2022)
Government Federal Excise Tax (CAD¢/L) [2] Prov/Terr Excise Tax (CAD¢/L) Fed
Carbon tax (CAD¢/L) [3]		 Prov
Carbon tax (CAD¢/L)		 Local Fuel Levy (CAD¢/L) Total Pre-Sales tax (CAD¢/L) HST, GST, or GST + PST/QST
(%)		 Minimum tax incl. sales taxes
(CAD¢/L)		 Min. tax
(CAD¢/US gal)
Canada (average) 411.34 12.3327.679.2%31.82112.65
Newfoundland and Labrador 416.50 [4] 10.73 [5]31.2315%35.91127.14
Prince Edward Island 414.15 [6] 8.05 [7]26.2014%30.13106.66
Nova Scotia 415.40 [8] [nb 1][9]19.4015%22.3178.98
New Brunswick 415.45 [10] 10.73 [10] 30.1815%34.71122.86
Quebec 420.20 [11] [nb 3][12]24.2014.975%27.8398.52
Ontario 414.30 [14] 13.45 [15] 31.7513%36.51129.25
Manitoba 414 [16] 13.45 [17] 31.4536.17128.03
Saskatchewan 415 [18] 13.45 [19] 32.455%37.32132.10
Alberta 413 [20] 13.45 [21] 30.455%35.02123.96
British Columbia[nb 4] 42.25 [22] 13.01 [23] 6.75 [22]19.265%22.1578.41
Vancouver, BC 4 2.25 [22] 11.71 [23] 6.75 + 18.5 [22] 43.21 5% 49.69 175.91
Victoria, BC 4 2.25 [22] 11.71 [23] 6.75 + 5.5 [22] 30.21 5% 34.74 122.98
Yukon 47.20 [24] 13.41 [25] 24.615%28.30100.19
Northwest Territories 49.10 [26] 13.70 [27]26.805%30.82109.10
Nunavut 49.10 [28] 13.41 [29] 26.515%30.49107.92

Notes
  1. Nova Scotia has a Cap and Trade program rather than a Carbon Levy.
  2. Excluding Montreal.
  3. Quebec has a Cap and Trade program rather than a Carbon Levy.
  4. Excluding Greater Vancouver and Greater Victoria

Tax revenues
See also: Sales taxes in Canada

The Government of Canada collects about $5 billion per year in excise taxes on gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel[30] as well as approximately $1.6 billion per year from GST revenues on gasoline and diesel (net of input tax credits). The Canada Revenue Agency, a part of the government, collects these taxes.

Collectively, the provincial governments collect approximately $8 billion per year from excise taxes on gasoline and diesel.

The federal taxes go into general coffers and help to fund a range of programs: $2 billion of the approximately $5 billion collected from federal excise taxes goes into the now permanent annual Gas Tax Fund for municipal infrastructure. Provincial tax revenues usually go to fund road repair and construction, and additionally in some provinces a portion of revenues (for example, 2 cents/litre in Ontario) is also distributed directly to municipalities.[31]

Criticism

In March 2022, the Alberta government announced it would suspend the collection of the fuel tax starting April 1, as a way to fight the rising cost of fuel.[32]

In Quebec, an Ipsos poll released in 2022 found that 73% of the population thought that the taxes levied on fuel were too high.[33]

See also

References
  1. "Oil and Gas Prices, Taxes and Consumers". Department of Finance (Canada). July 2006. pp. 6b) Application of the GST. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  2. Agency, Canada Revenue (2017-06-22). "Current Rates of Excise Taxes". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  3. Canada, Department of Finance (2018-10-23). "Backgrounder: Fuel Charge Rates in Listed Provinces and Territories". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  4. "Gasoline Tax". Finance. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  5. "Carbon Tax". Finance. 22 July 2019. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  6. Toolkit, Web Experience (2017-03-14). "Gasoline Tax Rates". www.princeedwardisland.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  7. "SCHEDULE OF LEVY RATES ON FOSSIL FUELS" (PDF). Prince Edward Island Canada. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  8. "Nova Scotia Department of Finance - Tobacco & Fuel". www.novascotia.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  9. Scotia, Communications Nova (2014-10-20). "Government of Nova Scotia". climatechange.novascotia.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  10. Government of New Brunswick, Canada (2013-01-30). "Gasoline, Motive Fuel and Carbon Emitting Product Tax A basic overview of the taxation of gasoline, motive fuel and carbon emitting products". www2.gnb.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  11. "Fuel Tax Rates". Revenu Québec. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  12. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Québec". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  13. "Table of Fuel Tax Rates in Québec, by Region" (PDF). Revenue Quebec. June 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  14. "Gasoline Tax". www.fin.gov.on.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
  15. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Ontario". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  16. "Taxation Division - Finance". Province of Manitoba - Finance. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  17. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Manitoba". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  18. "Information Bulletin FT-1 The Fuel Tax and Road Use Charge Act" (PDF). SETS Saskatchewan eTax Services. October 1, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  19. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Saskatchewan". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  20. "Fuel tax – Overview". www.alberta.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  21. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Alberta". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  22. "Bulletin MFT-CT 005 Tax Rates on Fuels" (PDF). gov.bc.ca The official website of the Government of British Columbia. April 1, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  23. "Carbon Tax Rates By Fuel Type" (PDF). gov.bc.ca The official website of the Government of British Columbia. Feb 1, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  24. "Find current fuel tax rates in Yukon". yukon.ca. 2019-06-11. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  25. "YUKON GOVERNMENT CARBON PRICE REBATE" (PDF). Yukon. April 1, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  26. "Fuel tax rates english" (PDF). Government of Northwest Territories - Finance. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  27. "Implementing the NWT Carbon Tax" (PDF). Government of Northwest Territories - Finance. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  28. "Nunavet Tax Rates 2022" (PDF). Government of Nunavet. January 1, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  29. "Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Legislation in Nunavut". Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  30. "ARCHIVED - BACKGROUNDER – OIL AND GAS PRICES, TAXES AND CONSUMERS". Department of Finance Canada. October 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  31. Ministry of Transportation. "Backgrounder - How municipalities benefit from provincial gas tax funding". Canada NewsWire. Government of Ontario, Canada. Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  32. French, Janet (March 7, 2022). "Alberta to pause collection of provincial fuel tax to help consumers shocked by high prices". CBC news. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  33. QMI, Agence (17 March 2022). "Les Québécois préfèrent l'idée d'un pétrole "Made in Quebec"". Le Journal de Montréal. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
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