Fūrinkazan

Fūrinkazan (Japanese: 風林火山, "Wind, Forest, Fire, Mountain") is a popularized version of the battle standard used by the Sengoku period daimyō Takeda Shingen. The banner quoted four phrases from Sun Tzu's The Art of War: "as swift as wind, as gentle as forest, as fierce as fire, as unshakable as mountain."

For other uses, see Fūrinkazan (disambiguation).
Fūrinkazan banner

Original version

The original version of the banner is mentioned in the Kōyō Gunkan, a record of the military exploits of the Takeda clan. It is based on four phrases from Sun Tzu, which in the original Chinese appear in two consecutive passages:

Chapter 7, passage 17: "故其疾如風，其徐如林" Let your rapidity be that of the wind, your gentleness that of the forest.

Chapter 7, passage 18: "侵掠如火，不動如山" In raiding and plundering be like fire, be immovable like a mountain.

Four-character version

The four-character version (yojijukugo) appears to be a later invention. Historian Masaya Suzuki, citing the work of an authority on the military insignia of the time, argues that there is no evidence in the historical record for the four-character phrase, and that it became popular with the publication of a historical novel of the same name by Yasushi Inoue in 1953.[1]

The character Ryu from the video game series Street Fighter has the Furinkazan on his belt as well as highly stylised versions of the Japanese symbols on his gloves.[2] The symbols can also be seen to the left of the character's stage in the game Street Fighter II.[3]

The mascot of Yamanashi Prefecture in Central Japan, a samurai Kai Ken dog named Takeda Hishimaru, carries a gunbai (war fan) with the four-character version of the phrase in homage to Takeda Shingen.[4]

See also

Notes
  1. 鈴木眞哉 (2009). "「風林火山」の旗印の怪しさ" [Historicity of the fūrinkazan banner]. 戦国武将のゴシップ記事 [Feudal warlord hearsay stories] (in Japanese). Tokyo: PHP. ISBN 978-4569709550.
  2. "PS3 version of Street Fighter 25th Anniversary Collector's Set includes a lot of exclusive content".
  3. "Peculiarities and miscellanea of the Street Fighter series". 10 July 2020.
  4. "Yamanashi Prefecture". nippon.com. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-05-16.


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