Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
The Main Automotive-Armoured Directorate of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Russian: Главное автобронетанковое управление МО РФ, romanized: Glavnoye Avtobronetankovoye Upravleniye MO RF, abbr. GABTU; another translation: Main Directorate of Armoured Forces) is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defence which is subordinated to the Chief of Armaments and Munitions of the Armed Forces, vice-minister of defense (nachal'nik vooruzheniya VS RF – zamestitel' Ministra oborony RF).
Emblem of the Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
In January 1943, the Main Automobile Directorate (GAU) of the Red Army was formed.
In January 1946, the Main Automobile Directorate of the Red Army was transformed into the Automobile Directorate of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
In 1949, on the basis of the Automotive Directorate of the Armed Forces and the Tractor Directorate of the GAU of the Armed Forces, the Main Automotive and Tractor Directorate (GAVTU) was formed.
In 1953, the Main Automotive Directorate was transformed into the Autotractor Directorate (AVTU) of the Ministry of Defence.
In 1961, the Autotractor Directorate was transformed into the Central Autotractor Directorate (TSAVTU) of the Ministry of Defence.
In December 1982, the Central Automobile and Tractor Directorate of the Ministry of Defence was renamed the Main Automobile Directorate (GLAVTU) of the Ministry of Defence.
Main Armored Directorate
In December 1994, the GBTU of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the GLAVTU of the Russian Ministry of Defense were reorganized into the Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (GABTU of the Russian Ministry of Defense). Today it is the main developer of military-technical policy in the field of military vehicles and armored weapons and equipment. It is also the main customer and supplier of armored and automotive equipment to the troops.
The T-80 performed so poorly that after the First Chechen War that General-Lieutenant A. Galkin, the head of the Main Armour Directorate, convinced the Minister of Defence to never again procure tanks with gas-turbine engines.[1]
On November 22, 2019, the Main Armored Directorate was awarded the Diploma of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.[2]
Heads of the Main Armored Directorate
- 1992—1996 — Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Galkin — colonel general (ru:Галкин, Александр Александрович (генерал))
- 1996—2004 — Sergey Aleksandrovich Mayev — colonel general
- 2004—2007 — Vladislav Aleksandrovich Polonsky — colonel general, General Major Vladislav Polonskiy was identified by Krasnaya Zvezda on September 14, 2004.[3]
- 2007—2009 — Nikolay Fyodorovich Yershov — lieutenant general
- 2009– 2019 — Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shevchenko — Major General.[4]
- 2019–2021 – Sergey Vladimirovich Bibik – Major General
- 2022–present – Aleksandr Anatolyevich Shestakov – Lieutenant General
Object numbers
GABTU is responsible for assignment of object (Russian: Объект) numbers to almost all the tanks and other combat vehicles entering service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Объект is often transliterated as objekt, obyekt, ob'yekt, obyect, obiekt, etc. These names are sometimes referred to incorrectly as "industry designation" or "factory names".
The initial digit corresponds to the design bureau.
- 1-99 Gorky Automobile Factory (GAZ)
- 100-199 Ural Railway Car Building Factory (Uralvagonzavod plant №183)
- 201-299 Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ)
- 300-349 Ural Plant of Transport Engineering (UZTM)
- 400-499 Malyshev Factory (HZTM)
- 500 Omsktransmash (plant №174)
- 501-549 Rubtsovsk Engineering Works
- 550-599 Mytishchi Machine Building Factory (MMZ)
- 600-699 Kurgan Engineering Factory (KMZ)
- 700-799 Chelyabinsk Kirov (Tractor) Plant (ChKZ, ChTZ)
- 800-849 Various
- 850-899 Moscow Automobile Factory (ZIS, ZIL)
- 900-999 Stalingrad (Volgograd) Tractor Factory (STZ, VgTZ)
- 1000-1050 Kutaisi Automotive Factory (KAZ)[5]
List
| Object Number | Vehicle | Type | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 010 | MT-LBu | Armoured transporter | ||
| 019 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Experimental wheeled IFV | ||
| 105 | SU-100P | Self propelled gun | 1949 | Experimental, rear mounted 100 mm D-50/D-10 |
| 108 | SU-152G | Self propelled gun | Experimental, with 152 mm D-1 | |
| 112 | BTR-112 | Armoured personnel carrier | 105 variant | |
| 115 | Medium tank | |||
| 116 | Light tank | 8 ton experimental. never built. | ||
| 116 | SU-152P | Self propelled gun | Experimental, with 152 mm M-53 | |
| 117 | SPU-117 | Self propelled floodlight | ||
| 120 | SU-152 "Taran" | Tank destroyer | 1965 | |
| 125 | Light tank | |||
| 126 | T-50 | Light tank | 1941 | |
| 135 | T-34-85 | Medium tank | 1943 | |
| 136 | T-44 | Medium tank | 1944 | |
| 137-1 | T-54-1 | Main battle tank | 1946 | M1946 |
| 137G | T-54A | Main battle tank | ||
| 137G2 | T-54B | Main battle tank | ||
| 137G2K | T-54BK | Main battle tank | ||
| 137GK | T-54AK | Main battle tank | Command version | |
| 137GM | T-54AM | Main battle tank | 137G modernization | |
| 137GMK | T-54AMK | Main battle tank | 137GM command version | |
| 137K | T-54K | Main battle tank | 137-3 command version | |
| 137M | T-54M | Main battle tank | 137-1, 137-2, 137-3 modernization | |
| 137MK | T-54MK | Main battle tank | 137M command version | |
| 137R | T-54-2 | Main battle tank | 1949 | M1949 |
| 137Sh | T-54-3 | Main battle tank | 1951 | M1951 |
| 138 | SU-100 | Tank destroyer | 1944 | |
| 139 | T-54M | Main battle tank | Accepted for service, but not produced | |
| 140 | Main battle tank | 1954 | Accepted for service, but not produced | |
| 141 | Main battle tank | 1953 | Modernization of the Object 137 | |
| 142 | Main battle tank | 1954 | Variant of the 140 but with a chassis similar to that of Object 155, accepted for service, but not produced | |
| 148 | T-14 | Main battle tank | 2015 | |
| 149 | T-15 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 2015 | |
| 150 | IT-1 | Main battle tank | 1968 | Missile armed |
| 155 | T-55 | Main battle tank | ||
| 155A | T-55A | Main battle tank | ||
| 155AD-1 | T-55AD-1 | Main battle tank | 1983 | 155A with Drozd and V-46-5M engine |
| 155AD | T-55AD | Main battle tank | 1983 | 155A with Drozd |
| 155AK | T-55AK | Main battle tank | 155A command version | |
| 155K | T-55K | Main battle tank | 155 command version | |
| 155M | T-55M | Main battle tank | 1984 | |
| 165 | T-62A | Main battle tank | 1959 | |
| 165K | Main battle tank | Command version of the 165 | ||
| 165P | Main battle tank | Variant of the 165 with increased radiation protection | ||
| 166 | T-62 | Main battle tank | 1959 | Based on the 165 but unlike the 165 it was armed with the smooth-bore U-5TS |
| 166D | T-62D | Main battle tank | 1983 | 166 with Drozd |
| 166K | T-62K | Main battle tank | 1964 | Command version of 166 |
| 166P | T-62P | Main battle tank | Variant of the 166 with increased radiation protection | |
| 166KN | T-62K | Main battle tank | 1964 | 166 with TNA-2 Navigational Aid |
| 166M-1 | T-62M-1 | Main battle tank | 166M with different engine | |
| 166M | T-62M | Main battle tank | 1983 | 166 modernization |
| 166M1-1 | T-62M1-1 | Main battle tank | 166M-1 without missile | |
| 166M1-2-1 | T-62M1-2-1 | Main battle tank | 166M-1 without missile or armor upgrade | |
| 166M1-2 | T-62M1-2 | Main battle tank | 166M without missile or armor upgrade | |
| 166M1 | T-62M1 | Main battle tank | 166M without missile | |
| 166M1V-1 | T-62M1V-1 | Main battle tank | 166M1-1 with K-1 ERA | |
| 166M1V | T-62M1V | Main battle tank | 166M1 with K-1 ERA | |
| 166MD-1 | T-62MD-1 | Main battle tank | 1983 | 166M-1 with Drozd |
| 166MD | T-62MD | Main battle tank | 1983 | 166M with Drozd |
| 166MK-1 | T-62MK-1 | Main battle tank | 166M-1 command version | |
| 166MK | T-62MK | Main battle tank | 166M command version | |
| 166MV-1 | T-62MV-1 | Main battle tank | 1985 | 166M-1 with K-1 ERA |
| 166MV | T-62MV | Main battle tank | 1985 | 166M with K-1 ERA |
| 167 | Main battle tank | 1963 | Modernization of the 166 | |
| 167TU | Main battle tank | 167 variant with a new turbine engine | ||
| 174M | T-72B1 | Main battle tank | ||
| 187 | T-72BM | Main battle tank | ||
| 188 | T-72BU / T-90 | Main battle tank | ||
| 188M | T-90M | Main battle tank | ||
| 195 | T-95 | Main battle tank | ||
| 199 | BMPT | Tank support fighting vehicle | 1995 | |
| 211 | Light tank | 126 (T-50) with changed hull | ||
| 212 | Self propelled gun | 1941 | ||
| 217 | PPG tankette | Tankette | 1941 | Single prototype |
| 219 | T-80 | Main battle tank | 1976 | |
| 219A | "Olkha" | Main battle tank | 219R with 476 turret | |
| 219AS | T-80U | Main battle tank | 1983 | Merged 219A and 219V |
| 219E | T-80BM1 | Main battle tank | 219R with Arena | |
| 219R | T-80B | Main battle tank | 1979 | |
| 220 | KV-220 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Single prototype with an 85 mm gun |
| 221 | KV-221 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Single prototype |
| 222 | KV-222 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Single prototype |
| 223 | KV-3 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Single prototype |
| 224 | KV-4 | Super heavy tank | Never built | |
| 225 | KV-5 | Heavy tank | Cancelled | |
| 226 | KV-6 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Flamethrower tank, single prototype |
| 227 | KV-7 | Self propelled gun | 1941 | Single prototype |
| 228 | KV-8 | Heavy tank | Flamethrower tank | |
| 229 | KV-9 | Heavy tank | 1941 | Prototype |
| 230 | KV-10 | Heavy tank | 1942 | Single prototype. Also known as KV-1K. A KV-1S with 4 rocket launchers on the back of the hull |
| 232 | KV-12 | Heavy tank | Experimental chemical tank | |
| 233 | KV-13 | Medium tank | Prototype | |
| 234 | KV-234 | Heavy tank | Also known as the "Super KV-2". A failed attempt to place a 203mm gun into a fully rotating turret on the chassis of the KV-1 | |
| 236 | SU-152 | Self propelled gun | 1943 | Initially KV-14 |
| 237 | IS-1 | Heavy tank | 1943 | Also known as IS-85 |
| 239 | KV-85 | Heavy tank | 1943 | |
| 240 | IS-2 | Heavy tank | 1943 | |
| 241 | ISU-152 | Self propelled gun | 1943 | M1943 |
| 241K | ISU-152K | Self propelled gun | 1953 | |
| 241M | ISU-152M | Self propelled gun | 1959 | |
| 242 | ISU-122 | Self propelled gun | 1944 | |
| 243 | ISU-122BM | Self propelled gun | ||
| 244 | Heavy tank | 1944 | 240 variant | |
| 245 | IS-4 | Heavy tank | 240 variant | |
| 246 | ISU-152BM | Self propelled gun | 1944 | 241 variant. Also known as ISU-152BM-1 & ISU152-1 |
| 247 | ISU-152-2 | Self propelled gun | 1944 | |
| 248 | IS-5 | Heavy tank | ||
| 250 | ISU-130 | Self propelled gun | ||
| 252 | IS-6 | Heavy tank | Experimental, armed with 122mm D-30(unrelated to the 2A18) | |
| 253 | IS-6 | Heavy tank | 252 variant, electro-mechanical transmission and 240 chassis | |
| 254 | Heavy tank | Planned | ||
| 255 | Heavy tank | Planned | ||
| 256 | Heavy tank | Planned | ||
| 257 | Heavy tank | Planned | ||
| 258 | Heavy tank | 1945 | Planned | |
| 259 | Heavy tank | 1945 | Planned | |
| 260 | IS-7 | Heavy tank | 1945 | |
| 261 | Heavy tank | 1945 | Planned, designation was later reused | |
| 261 | Self propelled gun | 1947 | Self propelled gun based on the 260 it had a forward fighting closed compartment and was armed with the 152mm M-31 with a muzzle velocity 880 m/s | |
| 262 | Self propelled gun | 1947 | Variant of the 261 SPG both of which were based on the 260, it had a rear fighting compartment and was armed with the 152mm M-48 with a muzzle velocity of 1000 m/s | |
| 263 | Self propelled gun | 1948 | Direct fire SPG based on the 260, it was armed with 130mm S-70A. | |
| 268 | Tank destroyer | 730 chassis | ||
| 271 | Self propelled gun | |||
| 272 | T-10M | Heavy tank | Leningrad-Built | |
| 272K | T-10MK | Heavy tank | 1959 | 272 command version |
| 273 | Self propelled gun | |||
| 277 | - | Heavy tank | 1958 | |
| 279 | - | Heavy tank | 1957 | 4 prototypes; it can withstand against nuclear explosions |
| 282 | Main battle tank | 1961 | Missile armed | |
| 287 | Main battle tank | Missile armed (Taifun) | ||
| 288 | Main battle tank | T-80 engine prototype | ||
| 292 | Main battle tank | 1990 | Prototype | |
| 416 | SU-100M | Medium tank | 1951 | While designed as a medium tank it was later re-designated as an SPG and given the name SU-100M |
| 317 | 2S19 Msta | Self propelled artillery | 1989 | |
| 327 | Self propelled artillery | 1987 | ||
| 430 | Main battle tank | 1952 | Medium tank that would serve the basis of the 432 and thus the T-64 | |
| 432 | T-64 | Main battle tank | 1962 | Initial production run of the T-64, armed with the 115mm D-68. |
| 434 | T-64A | Main battle tank | 1967 | |
| 435 | Main battle tank | 1960 | Modernization of the 430, unlike the 430 it was armed with the U-5TS | |
| 436 | Main Battle tank | 1965 | Variant of the 432 with a new engine | |
| 437 | T-64A | Main battle tank | Variant of the 432 with a new engine | |
| 447A | T-64B | Main battle tank | ||
| 450 | T-74 | Main battle tank | Prototype | |
| 476 | Main battle tank | 1976 | 437 development | |
| 477 | "Molot" | Main battle tank | 1987 | Prototype |
| 478B | T-80UD | Main battle tank | "Bereza" | |
| 481 | OT-54 | Main battle tank | Flamethrower variant | |
| 482 | OT-55 | Main battle tank | Flamethrower variant | |
| 483 | Main battle tank | Flamethrower variant, not produced | ||
| 500 | ZSU-57-2 | Anti Aircraft | ||
| 600 | IT-122 | 1949 | Also SU-122-54. Tank destroyer based on 137 hull | |
| 630 | T-80BK | Main battle tank | 219R command version | |
| 630A | T-80UK | Main battle tank | 219AS command version | |
| 634 | TOS-1 | Self propelled rocket launcher | 1988 | |
| 640 | "Black Eagle" | Main battle tank | ||
| 675 | BMP-2 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1980's | |
| 685 | Light tank | 1975 | Light tank prototype | |
| 688 | BMP-3 | Infantry combat vehicle | ||
| 701-2 | IS-4 | Heavy tank | Tested with 122mm D-25T, 100mm S-34-II, 122mm S-34-I | |
| 701-5 | IS-4 | Heavy tank | Prototype IS-4 | |
| 701-6 | IS-4 | Heavy tank | 1949 | Prototype IS-4 |
| 703 | IS-3 | Heavy tank | 1945 | 240 variant |
| 704 | ISU-152 M1945 | Self propelled gun | 1945 | Single prototype variant |
| 705 | Heavy tank | 1945 | ||
| 705A | Heavy tank | 1948 | Based on the 705 it was also rear turreted and weighed 100 tons | |
| 715 | Self propelled gun | 1947 | SPG based on the 701(IS-4) it was armed with a high power 152mm gun | |
| 717 | Bridge layer | 1947 | Bridge layer based on the 701(IS-4) | |
| 730 | T-10 | Heavy tank | 1949 | |
| 730A | T-10A | Heavy tank | ||
| 730B | T-10B | Heavy tank | 1957 | |
| 730BK | T-10BK | Heavy tank | 730B command version | |
| 734 | T-10M | Heavy tank | Chelyabinsk built | |
| 740 | PT-76 | Light tank | 1949 | Amphibious |
| 757 | Main battle tank | Missile armed | ||
| 764 | Infantry fighting vehicle | BMP-1 prototype competitor | ||
| 765 | BMP-1 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1966 | |
| 770 | - | Heavy tank | 1955 | One prototype |
| 770-K | Command Variant of the 770 | |||
| 775 | Main battle tank | 1962 | Missile armed | |
| 777 | Heavy tank | 1953 | Planned | |
| 780 | Main battle tank | 1971 | Prototype | |
| 785 | Main Battle tank | 1978 | Prototype | |
| 906 | Light tank | Intended to be a successor of the 740; Amphibious | ||
| 907 | Main Battle tank | Planned, designation was later reused | ||
| 914 | Infantry fighting vehicle | BMD-1 prototype, former BMP-1 competitor | ||
| 915 | BMD-1 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1969 | |
| 916 | BMD-2 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1985 | |
| 925 | BTR-D | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1975 | |
| 934 | Light tank | 1962 | Prototype; Amphibious | |
| 950 | BMD-3 | Infantry fighting vehicle | 1990 | |
| 952 | 2S25 Sprut-SD | Light tank | ||
| 955 | BTR-MD | Infantry fighting vehicle | ||
| 958 | RKhM-5 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Chemical reconnaissance | |
| 960 | BMD-4 | Infantry fighting vehicle | ||
| 1200 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Wheeled BMP-1 |
See also
References
- Mikhail Zakharchuk, 'Uroki Chechenskogo krizisa' (Lessons of the Chechen crisis), Armeyskiy sbornik, April 1995
- "The Main Armored Directorate of the Ministry of Defense was awarded the diploma of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief / [[TASS]], November 22, 2019". Archived from the original on 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
- Translation and English-language title is as provided by Harriet Fast Scott and William F. Scott, Russian Military Directory 2004, p.108
- Head of the Main Armored Division of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- Pavlov, M.V. ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ БРОНИРОВАННЫЕ МАШИНЫ 1945-1965 гг. Arms and equipment.
External links
- Chief of Armament and Munition of the Armed Forces (Russian)
- History of GABTU (Russian)
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