Gábor J. Székely

Gábor J. Székely (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈseːkɛj]; born February 4, 1947, in Budapest) is a Hungarian-American statistician/mathematician best known for introducing energy statistics (E-statistics).[1][2] Examples include: the distance correlation,[3][4][5] which is a bona fide dependence measure, equals zero exactly when the variables are independent; the distance skewness, which equals zero exactly when the probability distribution is diagonally symmetric;[6][7] the E-statistic for normality test;[8] and the E-statistic for clustering.[9]

The native form of this personal name is Székely J. Gábor. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Gábor J. Székely
Born (1947-02-04) 4 February 1947
Budapest, Hungary
Alma materEötvös Loránd University
Scientific career
FieldsMathematician, Probabilist, Statistician
InstitutionsNational Science Foundation
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Doctoral advisorAlfréd Rényi

Other important discoveries include the Hungarian semigroups,[10][11][12] the location testing for Gaussian scale mixture distributions,[13] the uncertainty principle of game theory,[14] the half-coin [15] which involves negative probability, and the solution of an old open problem of lottery mathematics: in a 5-from-90 lotto the minimum number of tickets one needs to buy to guarantee that at least one of these tickets has (at least) 2 matches is exactly 100.[16]

Life and career

Székely attended the Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary graduating in 1970. His first advisor was Alfréd Rényi. Székely received his Ph.D. in 1971 from Eötvös Loránd University, the Candidate Degree in 1976 under the direction of Paul Erdős and Andrey Kolmogorov, and the Doctor of Science degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1986. During the years 1970-1995 he has worked as a Professor in Eötvös Loránd University at the Department of Probability Theory and Statistics.[17]

Between 1985 and 1995 Székely was the first program manager of the Budapest Semesters in Mathematics. Between 1990 and 1997 he was the founding chair of the Department of Stochastics of the Budapest Institute of Technology (Technical University of Budapest) and editor-in-chief of Matematikai Lapok, the official journal of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society.

In 1989 Székely was visiting professor at Yale University, and in 1990-91 he was the first Lukacs Distinguished Professor in Ohio. Since 1995 he has been teaching at the Bowling Green State University at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics.[17] Székely was academic advisor of Morgan Stanley, NY, and Bunge, Chicago, helped to establish the Morgan Stanley Mathematical Modeling Centre in Budapest (2005) and the Bunge Mathematical Institute (BMI) in Warsaw (2006) to provide quantitative analysis to support the firms' global business.

Since 2006 he is a Program Director of Statistics of the National Science Foundation, now retired. Székely is also Research Fellow[18] of the Rényi Institute of Mathematics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

For an informal biographical sketch see Conversations with Gábor J. Székely [19]

Awards

Books
  • Székely, G. J. (1986) Paradoxes in Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, Reidel.
  • Ruzsa, I. Z. and Székely, G. J. (1988) Algebraic Probability Theory, Wiley.
  • Székely, G. J. (editor) (1995) Contests in Higher Mathematics, Springer.
  • Rao, C.R. and Székely, G.J. (editors) (2000) Statistics For The 21st Century: Methodologies For Applications Of The Future (Statistics, Textbooks And Monographs), New York, Marcel Dekker.[22]
  • Guoyan Zheng, Shuo Li, Székely, G. J.(2017)Statistical Shape and Deformation Analysis, 1st Edition, Academic Press.[23]
  • Székely, G.J. and Rizzo, M.L. (2023) The Energy of Data and Distance Correlation, Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability Volume 171 .

Selected works
  • Székely, G. J. (1981–82) Why is 7 a mystical number? (in Hungarian) in: MIOK Évkönyv, 482-487, ed. Sándor Scheiber.
  • Székely, G.J. and Ruzsa, I.Z. (1982) Intersections of traces of random walks with fixed sets, Annals of Probability 10, 132-136.
  • Székely, G. J. and Ruzsa, I.Z. (1985) No distribution is prime, Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie verw. Geb. 70, 263-269.
  • Székely, G. J. and Buczolich, Z. (1989) When is a weighted average of ordered sample elements a maximum likelihood estimator of the location parameter? Advances in Applied Mathematics 10, 439-456.
  • Székely, G. J, Bennett, C.D., and Glass, A. M. W. (2004) Fermat's last theorem for rational exponents, The American Mathematical Monthly 11/4, 322-329.
  • Székely, G. J. (2006) Student's t-test for scale mixtures. Lecture Notes Monograph Series 49, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 10-18.
  • Székely, G. J., Rizzo, M. L. and Bakirov, N. K. (2007) Measuring and testing independence by correlation of distances, The Annals of Statistics, 35, 2769-2794. arXiv:0803.4101
  • Székely, G. J. and Rizzo, M.L. (2009) Brownian distance covariance, The Annals of Applied Statistics, 3/4, 1233-1308. arXiv:1010.0297
  • Rizzo, M. L. and Székely, G. J. (2010) DISCO analysis: A nonparametric extension of analysis of variance, The Annals of Applied Statistics, 4/2, 1034-1055. arXiv:1011.2288
  • Székely, G.J. and Rizzo, M.L. (2013) Energy statistics: statistics based on distances, Invited paper, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 143/8, 1249-1272.
  • Székely, G.J. and Rizzo, M.L. (2014) Partial distance correlation with methods for dissimilarities, The Annals of Statistics, 42/6, 2382-2412.

References
  1. E-Statistics: The energy of statistical samples (2002), G.J.Szekely, PDF Archived 2016-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Székely, Gábor J.; Rizzo, Maria L. (2017-03-07). "The Energy of Data" (PDF). Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application. 4 (1): 447–479. Bibcode:2017AnRSA...4..447S. doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-060116-054026. ISSN 2326-8298. S2CID 124457134. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-26.
  3. Székely, Gábor J.; Rizzo, Maria L.; Bakirov, Nail K. (December 2007). "Measuring and testing dependence by correlation of distances". The Annals of Statistics. 35 (6): 2769–2794. arXiv:0803.4101. doi:10.1214/009053607000000505. ISSN 0090-5364. S2CID 5661488.
  4. Székely and Rizzo (2009).
  5. Newton, Michael A. (December 2009). "Introducing the discussion paper by Székely and Rizzo". The Annals of Applied Statistics. 3 (4): 1233–1235. arXiv:1010.3575. doi:10.1214/09-aoas34intro. ISSN 1932-6157. S2CID 88518770.
  6. Menshenin, Dmitrii O.; Zubkov, Andrew M. (2016-04-03). "On the Szekely-Mori Asymmetry Criterion Statistics for Binary Vectors with Independent Components". Austrian Journal of Statistics. 37 (1): 137. doi:10.17713/ajs.v37i1.295. ISSN 1026-597X. S2CID 55223906.
  7. Henze, Norbert (May 1997). "Limit laws for multivariate skewness in the sense of Móri, Rohatgi and Székely". Statistics & Probability Letterss. 33 (3): 299–307. doi:10.1016/s0167-7152(96)00141-1. ISSN 0167-7152.
  8. Székely, G. J. and Rizzo, M. L. (2005) A new test for multivariate normality, Journal of Multivariate Analysis 93, 58-80.
  9. Szekely, Gabor J.; Rizzo, Maria L. (September 2005). "Hierarchical Clustering via Joint Between-Within Distances: Extending Ward's Minimum Variance Method". Journal of Classification. 22 (2): 151–183. doi:10.1007/s00357-005-0012-9. ISSN 0176-4268. S2CID 206960007.
  10. Ruzsa, Imre Z; Gabor J. Szekely (1988). Algebraic probability theory. John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-91803-2. LCCN 87025444. OCLC 801934734. OL 2395723M.
  11. Raja, C.R.E. (1999) On a class of Hungarian semigroups and the factorization theorem of Khinchin, J. Theoretical Probability 12/2, 561-569.
  12. Zempláni, Andrés (October 1990). "On the heredity of Hun and Hungarian property". Journal of Theoretical Probability. 3 (4): 599–609. doi:10.1007/bf01046099. ISSN 0894-9840. S2CID 118265310.
  13. Székely (2006).
  14. Székely, G. J. and Rizzo, M. L. (2007) The uncertainty principle of game theory, The Americal Mathematical Monthly, 8, 688-702.
  15. Székely, G. J. (2005) Half of a coin: negative probabilities, Wilmott Magazine, July, 66-68.
  16. Füredi, Zoltán; Székely, Gábor J.; Zubor, Zoltán (1996). "On the lottery problem". Journal of Combinatorial Designs (in German). 4 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6610(1996)4:1<5::AID-JCD2>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 1520-6610.
  17. Gabor J. Szekely Retrieved on 12 Feb 2018
  18. "Research Fellows of the Rényi Institute of Mathematics". Archived from the original on 2009-07-24. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  19. Gel, Yulia R.; Pena, Edsel A.; Wang, Huixia Judy (2023). "Conversations with Gábor J. Székely". Statistical Science. 28 (2): 355–367. doi:10.1214/22-STS873. ISSN 0883-4237. S2CID 253156012.
  20. "Your Career". Archived from the original on 2020-04-09. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
  21. Introducing the new IMS Fellows, IMS Bulletin, 39/6,p.5, 2010.
  22. Rao, C. Radhakrishna (Calyampudi Radhakrishna); Székely, Gábor J.; Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, eds. (2000). Statistics for the 21st century : methodologies for applications of the future. New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-9029-4. OCLC 42866170.
  23. Zheng, Guoyan; Li, Shuo; Székely, Gábor (2017). Statistical shape and deformation analysis : methods, implementation and applications. London: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-810494-1. OCLC 980187516.
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