Galen McKinley

Galen Anile McKinley is a professor at Columbia University and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory known for her work in the carbon cycle, particularly in the use of models to study the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere.

Galen McKinley
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Scientific career
ThesisInterannual variability of air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide and oxygen (2002)

Education and career

McKinley earned a B.S. from Rice University in 1995 and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2002. Following postdoctoral positions at Instituto Nacional de Ecologia in Mexico and Princeton University, she joined the faculty at the University of Wisconsin Madison where she remained until 2017. She then moved to Columbia University and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and where she is a professor.[1] In 2021 the National Science Foundation announced that a project for which McKinley serves as deputy director would receive $25 million to develop new models of ocean climate.[2]

Research

McKinley's early research examined the fluxes of oxygen between the atmosphere and the ocean.[3] While a postdoctoral researcher in Mexico, she examined the impact of air pollution controls on Mexico City.[4] In lakes, McKinley has examined changes in wind strength,[5] circulation,[6] and the optical properties of lakes.[7] She has also investigated the potential for acidification of freshwater lakes from rising carbon dioxide levels.[8][9] In marine systems she has examined the storage of carbon in the ocean,[10] and changes over time in the oceans' ability to store carbon.[11][12] Her recent work shows the importance of changes in the amount of carbon dioxide released due to human activities and the role of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo,[13][14] and how changes in peoples' activities during the COVID-19 pandemic shifted the balance between greenhouse gas emissions and improvements in air quality.[15][16]

Selected publications
  • Khatiwala, S.; Tanhua, T.; Mikaloff Fletcher, S.; Gerber, M.; Doney, S. C.; Graven, H. D.; Gruber, N.; McKinley, G. A.; Murata, A.; Ríos, A. F.; Sabine, C. L. (2 April 2013). "Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon". Biogeosciences. 10 (4): 2169–2191. Bibcode:2013BGeo...10.2169K. doi:10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013.
  • Sweeney, Colm; Gloor, Emanuel; Jacobson, Andrew R.; Key, Robert M.; McKinley, Galen; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Wanninkhof, Rik (23 May 2007). "Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO2with recent bomb14C measurements". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 21 (2): n/a. Bibcode:2007GBioC..21.2015S. doi:10.1029/2006gb002784. ISSN 0886-6236. S2CID 3143419.
  • Desai, Ankur R.; Austin, Jay A.; Bennington, Val; McKinley, Galen A. (December 2009). "Stronger winds over a large lake in response to weakening air-to-lake temperature gradient". Nature Geoscience. 2 (12): 855–858. Bibcode:2009NatGe...2..855D. doi:10.1038/ngeo693.
  • McKinley, Galen A.; Follows, Michael J.; Marshall, John (28 May 2004). "Mechanisms of air-sea CO2flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 18 (2): n/a. Bibcode:2004GBioC..18.2011M. doi:10.1029/2003gb002179. ISSN 0886-6236. S2CID 10478812.
  • McKinley, Galen A.; Fay, Amanda R.; Takahashi, Taro; Metzl, Nicolas (September 2011). "Convergence of atmospheric and North Atlantic carbon dioxide trends on multidecadal timescales". Nature Geoscience. 4 (9): 606–610. Bibcode:2011NatGe...4..606M. doi:10.1038/ngeo1193.

Awards and honors

McKinley was a Kavli Frontiers of Science fellow at the Chinese American Frontiers event in 2016.[17] While at the University of Wisconsin Madison, McKinley was honored for her teaching with the Class of 1955 award, which she received in 2011.[18] In 2020, McKinley received the Ocean Science Voyager Award from the American Geophysical Union, which honors a mid-career scientist for contributions to ocean sciences.[19]

References
  1. "Galen McKinley | Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory". lamont.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  2. Das, Bidisha (2021-09-14). "Columbia Developing AI-Based Climate Modeling Center". The College Post. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  3. McKinley, Galen A. (2003). "Interannual variability of air-sea O2fluxes and the determination of CO2sinks using atmospheric O2/N2". Geophysical Research Letters. 30 (3): 1101. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1101M. doi:10.1029/2002gl016044. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 8780313.
  4. McKinley, Galen; Zuk, Miriam; Höjer, Morten; Avalos, Montserrat; González, Isabel; Iniestra, Rodolfo; Laguna, Israel; Martínez, Miguel A.; Osnaya, Patricia; Reynales, Luz M.; Valdés, Raydel (2005-04-01). "Quantification of Local and Global Benefits from Air Pollution Control in Mexico City". Environmental Science & Technology. 39 (7): 1954–1961. Bibcode:2005EnST...39.1954M. doi:10.1021/es035183e. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 15871223.
  5. Desai, Ankur R.; Austin, Jay A.; Bennington, Val; McKinley, Galen A. (2009). "Stronger winds over a large lake in response to weakening air-to-lake temperature gradient". Nature Geoscience. 2 (12): 855–858. Bibcode:2009NatGe...2..855D. doi:10.1038/ngeo693. ISSN 1752-0894.
  6. Bennington, Val; McKinley, Galen A.; Kimura, Nobuaki; Wu, Chin H. (2010-12-04). "General circulation of Lake Superior: Mean, variability, and trends from 1979 to 2006". Journal of Geophysical Research. 115 (C12). Bibcode:2010JGRC..11512015B. doi:10.1029/2010jc006261. ISSN 0148-0227.
  7. Mouw, Colleen B.; Chen, Haidi; McKinley, Galen A.; Effler, Steven; O'Donnell, David; Perkins, Mary Gail; Strait, Chris (2013). "Evaluation and optimization of bio-optical inversion algorithms for remote sensing of Lake Superior's optical properties". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 118 (4): 1696–1714. Bibcode:2013JGRC..118.1696M. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20139. ISSN 2169-9275.
  8. Phillips, Jennifer C.; McKinley, Galen A.; Bennington, Val; Bootsma, Harvey A.; Pilcher, Darren J.; Sterner, Robert W.; Urban, Noel R. (2015). "The Potential for CO₂-Induced Acidification in Freshwater: A Great Lakes Case Study". Oceanography. 28 (2): 136–145. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.37. ISSN 1042-8275. JSTOR 24861876.
  9. Bienkowski, Brian (2016-01-07). "Acid trip: Great Lakes could face similar acidification risk as the seas | Great Lakes Echo". greatlakesecho.org. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  10. Khatiwala, S.; Tanhua, T.; Mikaloff Fletcher, S.; Gerber, M.; Doney, S. C.; Graven, H. D.; Gruber, N.; McKinley, G. A.; Murata, A.; Ríos, A. F.; Sabine, C. L. (2013-04-02). "Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon". Biogeosciences. 10 (4): 2169–2191. Bibcode:2013BGeo...10.2169K. doi:10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013. ISSN 1726-4189.
  11. McKinley, Galen A.; Fay, Amanda R.; Lovenduski, Nicole S.; Pilcher, Darren J. (2017-01-03). "Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Trends in the Ocean Carbon Sink". Annual Review of Marine Science. 9 (1): 125–150. Bibcode:2017ARMS....9..125M. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060529. ISSN 1941-1405. PMID 27620831.
  12. McKinley, Galen A.; Pilcher, Darren J.; Fay, Amanda R.; Lindsay, Keith; Long, Matthew C.; Lovenduski, Nicole S. (2016). "Timescales for detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink". Nature. 530 (7591): 469–472. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..469M. doi:10.1038/nature16958. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26911782. S2CID 1455972.
  13. Fogerty, Christian (July 6, 2020). "Eruptions and Emissions Can Rapidly Alter the Ocean's Ability to Absorb Carbon". Inside Science. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  14. McKinley, Galen A.; Fay, Amanda R.; Eddebbar, Yassir A.; Gloege, Lucas; Lovenduski, Nicole S. (2020). "External Forcing Explains Recent Decadal Variability of the Ocean Carbon Sink". AGU Advances. 1 (2): e2019AV000149. Bibcode:2020AGUA....100149M. doi:10.1029/2019AV000149. ISSN 2576-604X. S2CID 226197499.
  15. Laughner, Joshua L.; Neu, Jessica L.; Schimel, David; Wennberg, Paul O.; Barsanti, Kelley; Bowman, Kevin W.; Chatterjee, Abhishek; Croes, Bart E.; Fitzmaurice, Helen L.; Henze, Daven K.; Kim, Jinsol (2021-11-16). "Societal shifts due to COVID-19 reveal large-scale complexities and feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (46): e2109481118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11809481L. doi:10.1073/pnas.2109481118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8609622. PMID 34753820.
  16. Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Field, Christopher B.; Appel, Eric A.; Azevedo, Ines L.; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Burke, Marshall; Burney, Jennifer A.; Ciais, Philippe; Davis, Steven J.; Fiore, Arlene M.; Fletcher, Sarah M. (2020). "The COVID-19 lockdowns: a window into the Earth System". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 1 (9): 470–481. Bibcode:2020NRvEE...1..470D. doi:10.1038/s43017-020-0079-1. ISSN 2662-138X. S2CID 220855800.
  17. "Galen McKinley". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  18. "Ten named winners of Distinguished Teaching Awards". news.wisc.edu. April 20, 2011. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  19. "Ocean Sciences Voyager Award | AGU". www.agu.org. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
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