Galician alphabet
The Galician alphabet is used for writing the Galician language. According to the modern and official standard, it has 23 letters and 6 digraphs. The extraneous letters ⟨j⟩, ⟨k⟩, ⟨w⟩ and ⟨y⟩ are sporadically found in foreign words, abbreviations and international symbols.
As in Portuguese and unlike in Spanish, Galician letter names are of masculine grammatical gender.[1]
| Letter | Name | Pronunciation | Phonemic values |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | /a/ | /a/ |
| B | be | /be/ | /b/ |
| C | ce | /θe/ | /θ/ (+ e, i; /s/ in seseo zones) /k/ (+ a, o, u) |
| D | de | /de/ | /d/ |
| E | e | /ɛ/ | /e/, /ɛ/ |
| F | efe | /ˈɛfe̝/ | /f/ |
| G | gue | /ɡe/ | /ɡ/ (/x/ in gheada zones) |
| H | hache | /ˈat͡ʃe̝/ | silent |
| I | i | /i/ | /i/, /j/ |
| L | ele | /ˈɛle̝/ | /l/ |
| M | eme | /ˈɛme̝/ | /m/ |
| N | ene | /ˈɛne̝/ | /n/ |
| Ñ | eñe | /ˈɛɲe̝/ | /ɲ/ |
| O | o | /ɔ/ | /o/, /ɔ/ |
| P | pe | /pe/ | /p/ |
| Q | que | /ke/ | /k/ |
| R | erre | /ˈɛre̝/ | /r/, /ɾ/ |
| S | ese | /ˈɛse̝/ | /s/ |
| T | te | /te/ | /t/ |
| U | u | /u/ | /u/, /w/ |
| V | uve | /ˈuβe̝/ | /b/ |
| X | xe | /ʃe/ | /ʃ/, /ks/ |
| Z | zeta | /ˈθeta̝/ | /θ/ (/s/ in seseo zones) |
| Digraph | Name | Phonemic values |
|---|---|---|
| ch | ce hache | /tʃ/ |
| gu | gue u | /g/ |
| ll | ele dobre | /ʎ/ |
| nh | ene hache | /ŋ/ |
| qu | que u | /k/ |
| rr | erre dobre | /r/ |
The Medieval Galician alphabet, still used today by advocates of reintegrationism, featured the additional letters ⟨j⟩ /ʃ/ and ⟨ç⟩ /θ/ (or /s/ in areas with sigmatism) as well as the digraphs ⟨lh⟩ /ʎ/, ⟨nh⟩ /ɲ/ and ⟨ss⟩ /s/.
References
- "Dicionario de pronuncia da lingua galega". Pronunciation Dictionary by the Royal Galician Academy. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
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