Parhedylidae

Parhedylidae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parhedyloidea. [4]

Parhedylidae
A green slug
live Pontohedyle milaschewitchii
ot = oral tentacles,
ey = eyes,
dg = digestive gland.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Infraclass: Euthyneura
Superorder: Acochlidiacea
Family: Parhedylidae
Thiele, 1931
Synonyms
  • Ganitidae Rankin, 1979
  • Livorniellidae Rankin, 1979[1][2]
  • Mancohedylidae Rankin, 1979[3]
  • Microhedylidae Odhner, 1937
  • Pontohedylidae Starobogatov, 1983
  • Sabulincolidae Rankin, 1979[3]
  • Unelidae Rankin, 1979[3]

2005 taxonomy

Microhedylidae has been listed as a synonym of Parhedylidae in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).[3] Ganitidae Rankin, 1979 has been listed as a sole family within Hedylopsoidea.[3] The type genus of Livorniellidae was Livorniella Rankin, 1979.[3]

2010 taxonomy

Sensu Schrödl & Neusser (2010)[5] is Microhedylidae within the clade Microhedylacea.[5] Parhedylidae is a synonym of Microhedylidae.[5] Microhedylidae s.l. may informally include Ganitidae, but inclusion of Ganitidae within Microhedylidae requires further research and higher statistical support.[5]

Genera

Genera within the Parhedylidae include:

  • Ganitus Marcus, 1953 - with the only species Ganitus evelinae Marcus, 1953 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae[5]
  • Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
    • Microhedyle glandulifera (Kowalevsky, 1901)[5]
    • Microhedyle nahantensis (Doe, 1974)[5]
    • Microhedyle odhneri (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1955)[5]
  • Microhedyle remanei (Er. Marcus, 1953)[5]
  • Paraganitus Challis, 1968 - with the only species Paraganitus ellynnae Challis, 1968 - it belongs to Microhedylidae s.l. / Ganitidae[5]
  • Paraganitus Challis, 1968
  • Parhedyle Thiele, 1931
  • Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Gastrohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
  • Livorniella Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
  • Mancohedyle Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972 (junior objective synontm of Pontohedyle)
  • Maraunibina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Pontohedyle Golikov & Starobogatov, 1972
  • Parahedyle [sic]: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931 (misspelling)
  • Sabulincola Rankin, 1979: synonym of Parhedyle Thiele, 1931
  • Stellaspina Rankin, 1979: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930
  • Unela Er. Marcus, 1953: synonym of Microhedyle Hertling, 1930

Cladogram

A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 28S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations within the family Microhedylidae:[6]

Microhedylidae

Microhedyle sp. from St. Vincent

Ganitus evelinae

Paraganitus ellynnae

Microhedyle glandulifera

Parhedyle tyrtowii

Parhedyle cryptophthalma

Pontohedyle ►

References
  1. Rankin J. J. (1979). "A freshwater shell-less mollusc from the Caribbean: structure, biotics, and contribution to a new understanding of the Acochlidioidea". Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions 116: 123 pp.
  2. Marine Species Identification Portal : Genus Microhedyle. accessed 3 December 2010.
  3. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  4. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Parhedylidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411947 on 2021-06-17
  5. Schrödl M. & Neusser T. P. (2010). "Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 124–154. doi:10.1111/j.1096–3642.2009.00544.x.
  6. Jörger K. M., Norenburg J. L., Wilson N. G. & Schrödl M. (2012). "Barcoding against a paradox? Combined molecular species delineations reveal multiple cryptic lineages in elusive meiofaunal sea slugs". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 245. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-245.
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