Garmsar

Garmsar (Persian: گرمسار, also Romanized as Garmsār is a city in the Central District of Garmsar County, Semnan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.

For the administrative division of Semnan province, see Garmsar County.

Garmsar
Persian: گرمسار
City
Bahram Palace
Bahram Palace
Garmsar is located in Iran
Garmsar
Garmsar
Coordinates: 35°13′14″N 52°20′20″E[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceSemnan
CountyGarmsar
DistrictCentral
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total48,672
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Garmsar is located about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Tehran. It lies on the edge of Dasht-e Kavir, Iran's largest desert. Many people in the city commute to Tehran due to its proximity. Ghasre Bahram, The Stone Way, Stonvand Castle, the Sar Darre Mountains, and Kavir Desert National Park are tourist attractions located in the area.

At the 2006 census, its population was 38,891 in 10,951 households.[3] The following census in 2011 counted 40,985 people in 12,539 households.[4] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 48,672 people in 16,075 households.[2]

People

Garmsar has a Tat and Persian majority. Persian and Tati are the main languages in Garmsar County. Other languages such as Azeri and Kurdish are still spoken by older people from different ethnicities like Osanlu(azari) and Pazuki, Gharachorloo and Shadloo (kurdish) in the nearby villages. Younger generation speaks Persian along with their native language.

Climate

Garmsar has a hot desert climate (BWh) in Köppen climate classification and (BW) in Trewartha climate classification.

Climate data for Garmsār, Semnan Province, Altitude: 899.9 M from: 1986-2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.8
(69.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 32.2
(90.0)		 36.6
(97.9)		 40.8
(105.4)		 45.0
(113.0)		 47.0
(116.6)		 46.0
(114.8)		 41.0
(105.8)		 36.4
(97.5)		 28.4
(83.1)		 22.2
(72.0)		 47.0
(116.6)
Average high °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4)		 13.5
(56.3)		 18.8
(65.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 31.6
(88.9)		 37.7
(99.9)		 40.0
(104.0)		 39.1
(102.4)		 34.8
(94.6)		 27.7
(81.9)		 18.9
(66.0)		 12.1
(53.8)		 25.8
(78.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.4
(54.3)		 18.6
(65.5)		 24.0
(75.2)		 29.7
(85.5)		 32.4
(90.3)		 31.1
(88.0)		 26.4
(79.5)		 20.0
(68.0)		 12.2
(54.0)		 6.5
(43.7)		 18.8
(65.8)
Average low °C (°F) −0.9
(30.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 6.0
(42.8)		 11.5
(52.7)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.6
(70.9)		 24.7
(76.5)		 23.2
(73.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 12.3
(54.1)		 5.6
(42.1)		 0.9
(33.6)		 11.7
(53.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15.0
(0.59)		 14.5
(0.57)		 26.9
(1.06)		 19.8
(0.78)		 10.8
(0.43)		 1.0
(0.04)		 2.7
(0.11)		 1.0
(0.04)		 0.4
(0.02)		 3.8
(0.15)		 11.1
(0.44)		 14.1
(0.56)		 121.1
(4.79)
Average relative humidity (%) 64 55 47 39 32 23 25 25 28 36 50 64 41
Source: [5]

Notable people

Agricultural sector
The alluvial fan of Garmsar seen from space
Sketch of the irrigation system in the Garmsar alluvial fan

The Hablehrood river originating from Dalichai-Firouzkooh flows to the plateau of Garmsar. Its water is extensively used for agriculture. Since salt water mixes with Hablehrood before its arrival to the city, the water is not fit for drinking. Hablehrood is the only permanent river in Semnan province. Thanks to the water provided by Hablehrood, people in Garmsar grow wheat, barley, cotton and yellow melon. Garmsar is known across Iran for its sweet and crispy yellow melons.[6]

Water management

The many river branches and the irrigated fields provide recharge to the aquifer. Since ancient times, groundwater in the Garmsar area has been exploited by ghanats (qanats, karezes) and shallow wells, mainly for irrigation of agricultural land, but also for household purposes. In the last decades, the number of deep-wells has increased sharply and the ghanats have fallen dry.[7]

Yet, at the fringes of the fan, problems of waterlogging occur owing to irrigation losses higher up that are transported through the aquifer to the lower lying areas causing shallow watertables, while the evaporation from the shallow watertable brings salts into the rootzone which henceforth is salinizing. As a result, the agriculture in the fringes suffers low yields or is impossible.

Simulation of soil salinity (left)
and depth of the watertable (right)
in the Garmsar alluvial fan
using the spatial agro-hydro-salinity
model SahysMod[8]

Cuisine

The traditional cuisine of the city is called Tahchin. It differs from the classic Tahchin common in other cities. Tahchin is a tasty and fragrant rice-based food where marinated raw meat is slowly cooked inside the rice over a low flame for several hours.[6]

Education

References
  1. OpenStreetMap contributors (24 April 2023). "Garmsar, Garmsar County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  2. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  4. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  5. I.R. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN) Archived 2017-08-29 at the Wayback Machine. 1986–2010
  6. "آشپزي روز <www.Garmsarnews.com>". Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  7. "Irrigation in the alluvial fan of Garmsar, Iran" (PDF). International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 2000.
  8. "Spatial agro-hydro-salinity model". International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. 1998.
  9. "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گرمسار". Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2006.
  10. "Home". ugsr.ir.

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