Anthony McAuliffe
Anthony Clement "Nuts" McAuliffe (July 2, 1898 – August 10, 1975) was a senior United States Army officer who earned fame as the acting commander of the 101st Airborne Division defending Bastogne, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. He is celebrated for his one-word reply to a German surrender ultimatum: "Nuts!"
Anthony Clement McAuliffe | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Old Crock",[1] "Nuts" |
| Born | July 2, 1898 Washington, D.C., United States |
| Died | August 10, 1975 (aged 77) Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/ | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1918–1956 |
| Rank | General |
| Service number | 0-12263 |
| Unit | Field Artillery Branch |
| Commands held | |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | |
| Alma mater | USMA at West Point, Class of 1919 |
After the battle, McAuliffe was promoted and given command of the 103rd Infantry Division, which he led from January 1945 to July 1945. In the post-war era, he was commander of United States Army Europe.
Early life and military career
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McAuliffe was born in Washington, D.C., on July 2, 1898.[2] He attended West Virginia University from 1916 to 1917. He was a member of the West Virginia Beta chapter of Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity during his time at West Virginia University. He enrolled at West Point in 1917. McAuliffe was part of an accelerated program and graduated shortly after the end of World War I, in November 1918.[2]
During this time, he visited Europe for a short time and toured several battlefields. Assigned to field artillery, he graduated from the Artillery School in 1920. For the next 16 years, McAuliffe carried out typical peacetime assignments. By 1935, he had been promoted to the rank of Captain. Later, he was chosen to attend the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. In June 1940, McAuliffe graduated from the United States Army War College. Just before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he was promoted again, temporarily becoming a lieutenant colonel with the Supply Division of the War Department General Staff. While in this position, McAuliffe supervised the development of such new technology as the bazooka and the jeep.[1]
World War II
Brigadier General McAuliffe commanded the division artillery of the 101st Airborne Division when he parachuted into Normandy on D-Day. He also landed by glider in the Netherlands during Operation Market Garden.[3]
In December 1944, the German army launched the surprise attack that became the Battle of the Bulge. Major General Maxwell D. Taylor, commander of the 101st Airborne Division, was attending a staff conference in the United States at the time. During Taylor's absence, McAuliffe commanded the 101st and its attached troops. At Bastogne, the 101st was besieged by a far larger force of Germans under the command of General Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz.[4]
"NUTS!"
On December 22, 1944, von Lüttwitz dispatched a party, consisting of a major, a lieutenant, and two enlisted men under a flag of truce to deliver an ultimatum. Entering the American lines southeast of Bastogne (occupied by Company F, 2nd Battalion, 327th Glider Infantry), the German party delivered the following to Gen. McAuliffe:[4]
To the U.S.A. Commander of the encircled town of Bastogne.
The fortune of war is changing. This time the U.S.A. forces in and near Bastogne have been encircled by strong German armored units. More German armored units have crossed the river Ourthe near Ortheuville, have taken Marche and reached St. Hubert by passing through Hompre-Sibret-Tillet. Libramont is in German hands.
There is only one possibility to save the encircled U.S.A. troops from total annihilation: that is the honorable surrender of the encircled town. In order to think it over a term of two hours will be granted beginning with the presentation of this note.
If this proposal should be rejected one German Artillery Corps and six heavy A. A. Battalions are ready to annihilate the U.S.A. troops in and near Bastogne. The order for firing will be given immediately after this two hours term.
All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well-known American humanity.
The German Commander.
According to those present when McAuliffe received the German message, he read it, crumpled it into a ball, threw it in a wastepaper basket, and muttered, "Aw, nuts". The officers in McAuliffe's command post were trying to find suitable language for an official reply when Lt. Col. Harry Kinnard suggested that McAuliffe's first response summed up the situation pretty well, and the others agreed. The official reply was typed and delivered by Colonel Joseph Harper, commanding the 327th Glider Infantry, to the German delegation. It was as follows:
To the German Commander.
NUTS!
The American Commander.
The German major appeared confused and asked Harper what the message meant. Harper said, "In plain English? Go to hell."[5] The choice of "Nuts!" rather than something earthier was typical for McAuliffe. Captain Vincent Vicari, his personal aide at the time, recalled that "General Mac was the only general I ever knew who did not use profane language. 'Nuts' was part of his normal vocabulary."[6]
The artillery fire did not materialize, although several infantry and tank assaults were directed at the positions of the 327th Glider Infantry. In addition, the German Luftwaffe attacked the town, bombing it nightly. The 101st held off the Germans until the 4th Armored Division arrived on December 26 to provide reinforcement.
Post-Bastogne
For his actions at Bastogne, McAuliffe was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by General Patton on December 30, 1944[7] with official orders processed on January 14, 1945.[8] He later received the Army Distinguished Service Medal twice, the Silver Star and the Legion of Merit.[9]
Immediately after Bastogne, McAuliffe was promoted to major general and given command of the 103rd Infantry Division on January 15, 1945, his first divisional command assignment, which he retained until July 1945. Under McAuliffe, the 103rd reached the Rhine Valley, March 23, and engaged in mopping up operations in the plain west of the Rhine River. In April 1945, the division was assigned to occupational duties until April 20, when it resumed the offensive, pursuing a fleeing enemy through Stuttgart and taking Münsingen on April 24. On April 27, elements of the division entered Landsberg, where Kaufering concentration camp, a subcamp of Dachau, was liberated. The 103rd crossed the Danube River near Ulm on April 26. On May 3, 1945, the 103rd captured Innsbruck, Austria, with little to no fighting. It then seized the Brenner Pass and met the 88th Infantry Division of the U.S. Fifth Army at Vipiteno, Italy, thereby joining the Italian and Western European fronts.[10]
Post-war
Following the war, McAuliffe held many positions, including Chief Chemical Officer of the Army Chemical Corps, and G-1, Head of Army Personnel. He returned to Europe as commander of the Seventh Army in 1953, and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army Europe in 1955.[11] He was promoted to four-star general in 1955.[1][12]
While still in the service, McAuliffe attended the premiere of Battleground in Washington D.C. on November 9, 1949.[13] The film did not depict McAuliffe directly, but did show a scene of the Germans presenting their surrender demands and their confusion on receiving McAuliffe's reply.
Retirement
In 1956, McAuliffe retired from the army. He worked for American Cyanamid Corporation from 1956 to 1963 as vice president for personnel. He began a program to teach employees to maintain contact with local politicians. The company subsequently required all branch managers to at least introduce themselves to local politicians.[14] McAuliffe also served as chairman of the New York State Civil Defense Commission from 1960 to 1963.
After his retirement from American Cyanamid in 1963, McAuliffe resided in Chevy Chase, Maryland, until his death on August 10, 1975, age 77. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.[15][16]
Dates of rank
| Insignia | Rank | Component | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| No insignia | Cadet | United States Military Academy | June 14, 1917 |
 | Second lieutenant | National Army | November 1, 1918 |
 | First lieutenant | National Army | September 29, 1919 |
| Second lieutenant | Regular Army | December 15, 1922 |
| First lieutenant | Regular Army | May 20, 1923 |
 | Captain | Regular Army | May 1, 1935 |
 | Major | Regular Army | July 1, 1940 |
 | Lieutenant colonel | Army of the United States | September 15 (effective September 18), 1941 |
 | Colonel | Army of the United States | February 1, 1942 |
 | Brigadier general | Army of the United States | August 8, 1942 |
| Lieutenant colonel | Regular Army | December 11, 1942 |
 | Major general | Army of the United States | January 3, 1945 |
| Brigadier general | Regular Army | January 24, 1948 |
| Major general | Regular Army | September 27th, 1949 |
 | Lieutenant general | Army of the United States | August 1, 1951 |
 | General | Army of the United States | March 1, 1955 |
| General | Regular Army, Retired | May 31, 1956 |
Awards and decorations
McAuliffe's decorations include the following:
Badges
 Basic Parachutist Badge with three combat jumps |
 Airborne Glider Badge |
Decorations
 |
Distinguished Service Cross |
  |
Army Distinguished Service Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster |
 |
Silver Star |
 |
Legion of Merit |
 |
Bronze Star Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster |
Unit award
 |
Army Presidential Unit Citation |
Service medals
Foreign awards
 |
Legion of Honour (Commandeur) |
_-_ribbon_bar.png.webp){kind=small} |
French Croix de guerre with Palm |
 |
Belgian Croix de guerre with Palm |
 |
Netherlands Bronze Lion Medal |
 |
Distinguished Service Order with clasp |
 |
Belgian Order of Leopold (Commandeur) |
 |
Order of the Oak Crown (Commandeur) |
Memorials
The central square of Bastogne, Belgium, is named Place Général McAuliffe. A Sherman tank, pierced by a German 88 mm shell, stands in one corner.[23]
A southern extension of Route 33 in eastern Northampton County, Pennsylvania, completed in 2002,[24] was named the Gen. Anthony Clement McAuliffe 101st Airborne Memorial Highway.[25]
The new headquarters building for the 101st Airborne Division, which opened in 2009 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, is named McAuliffe Hall.[26]
A room at the Thayer Hotel at West Point has been dedicated to General McAuliffe.[27]
Bibliography
- McAuliffe, Tom (2022). Nuts! The Life and Times of General Tony McAuliffe. Next Stop Paradise Publishing. ISBN 979-8986451107.
References
- Fredriksen, John C. (1999). American military leaders: from colonial times to the present, Volume 2. ABC-CLIO. pp. 487–488. ISBN 1-57607-001-8.
- Cullum, George Washington (1920). Robinson, Wirt (ed.). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. From Its Establishment, in 1802, to 1890. Vol. VI-B: 1910–1920. Association of Graduates, United States Military Academy. p. 2071. Retrieved December 19, 2022 – via Google Books.
- Article from Traces of War site Accessed on 29th March 2022
- McAuliffe, Kenneth Jr. "The story of NUTS! reply". The story of NUTS! Article The United States Army. United States Army. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- S.L.A. Marshall, Bastogne: The First Eight Days Archived 2019-09-02 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter 14, describing the incident in detail and sourcing it.
- Pyle, Richard, report for the Associated Press (2004-12-12).
- "Image 30 of George S. Patton Papers: Diaries, 1910–1945; Annotated transcripts; 1943–1945; 1944, Nov. 30 – 1945, Mar. 22". The Library of Congress. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- "Army Distinguished Service Cross". The Wall of Valor Project. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- "Anthony Clement McAuliffe". The Wall of Valor Project. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- Fifth Army History • Race to the Alps, Chapter VI : Conclusion "4 May; the Reconnaissance Troop, 349th Infantry [88th Division], met troops from [103rd Infantry Division] VI Corps of Seventh Army at 1051 at Vipiteno, 9 miles south of Brenner."
- Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress, Volume 101, Part 2. US Government Publishing Office. 1955. p. 2245. Retrieved October 1, 2019 – via Google Books.
- Antal, John; Koskimaki, George E. (2008). Hell's Highway: The True Story of the 101st Airborne Division During Operation Market Garden September 17–25, 1944. Quarto Group. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7603-3348-8.
- "'Battleground,' Despite Army Fanfare, Honest Story of Infantryman in War". The Gazette and Daily. November 14, 1949. p. 15. Retrieved December 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Executives: Business in Politics". Time. August 10, 1962. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- International Encyclopedia of Military History
- Burial Detail: McAuliffe, Anthony C – ANC Explorer
- Official Army and Air Force Register, 1948. p. 1174.
- Official Army Register, 1949. p. 347.
- Official Army Register, 1953. p. 483.
- Official Army Register, 1956. p. 549.
- Official Army Register, 1957. p. 1043.
- "Senate Congressional Record, September 27th, 1949" (PDF). GovInfo.gov. p. 13294. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
- Memorial information at Landmarkscout.com Accessed on 29th March 2022
- "Pennsylvania Highways: Route 33". Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
- "General Anthony Clement McAuliffe Airborne Memorial Highway – Designation Act of Jun. 19, 2002, P.L. 444, No. 66 Cl. 87 An Act" (PDF). legis.state.pa.us.
- "Corps to complete 45 Projects at Fort Campbell" (PDF). US Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- "Thayer Hotel dedicated rooms". Retrieved August 13, 2017.
External links
Media related to Anthony McAuliffe at Wikimedia Commons- "NUTS!" Revisited
- Generals of World War II