Genista monspessulana
Genista monspessulana, commonly known as French broom, Montpellier broom,[1] or Cape broom (Australia), is a woody leguminous perennial shrub. The yellow-flowering bush is native to the Mediterranean region, and while it may still be commonly sold in some garden stores, it is considered an invasive plant in most places where it has been introduced.[2] It is a noxious weed on the western coast of the US and in parts of Australia.
| Genista monspessulana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| French broom | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Genista |
| Species: | G. monspessulana |
| Binomial name | |
| Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S.Johnson 1962 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Description
G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green.[3] The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs,[3] and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.[4][5][6]
It is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.
Seedpods
Immature seedpods at the start of April
Distribution and habitat
G. monspessulana and related plants are common in European shrublands. French broom was originally distributed throughout Mediterranean Europe and northwest Africa, the Azores, and the Canary Islands.[6] Due to its lower tolerance for frost than other broom species, it is common in warmer, lower elevation areas. It is found on coastal strips and in sunny inland areas, and does best with plentiful rainfall and sandy soils.
Ecology
When introduced to a new area, French broom can become an invasive plant. Its reproductive vigour and preference for Mediterranean climates make it a very successful species in California and the Pacific Northwest, where it is considered a severe noxious weed, covering over 40 kilohectares.[7] It is even more widespread in Australia, where it covers 600 kilohectares and is also considered a noxious weed.[8]
The plant often outcompetes native vegetation, forming dense fields where other species are almost completely crowded out. Stands of French broom can be so thick that they make meadows and pastures useless for wild and domestic animals. It can also shade out tree seedlings in reforested areas and tends to catch fire.[6]
Toxicity
The leaves and seeds contain alkaloids which are poisonous to many large domestic animals.[6]
See also
References
- BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Genista monspessulana, webpage for taxonomic serial number 502738 retrieved May 19, 2007.
- "Exotic Species: Scotch Broom (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
- Bossard, Carla (2000). Carla C. Bossard; John M. Randall; Marc C. Hoshovsky (eds.). "Genista Monspessulana," in Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. Berkeley: University of California. ISBN 978-0-520-22546-6.
- D'Antonio, Carla (2007). "Genista monspessulana". Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of California. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
- Hoshovsky, Marc (1986). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Cytisus scoparius and Genista monspessulanus" (PDF). Arlington: The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
- "Genista monspessulana" (PDF). California Invasive Plant Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2007.
- "Noxious Weed List for Australian States and Territories" (PDF). Cooperative Research Center for Australian Weed Management. Australian Weeds Committee. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2007.
External links
Media related to Genista monspessulana at Wikimedia Commons- French Broom Information Page USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- French Broom Webpage from the Calflora.org website; the webpage gives links to additional photos. Retrieved May 17, 2007.
- Genista monspessulans (French Broom), from The Global Invasive Species Initiative website; the webpage has links to several photographs. Retrieved May 19, 2007.