Genocchi number

• The generating function definition of the Genocchi numbers implies that they are rational numbers. In fact, G_2n+1 = 0 for n ≥ 1 and (−1)ⁿG_2n is an odd positive integer.
• Genocchi numbers G_n are related to Bernoulli numbers B_n by the formula

${\displaystyle G_{n}=2\,(1-2^{n})\,B_{n}.}$

The exponential generating function for the signed even Genocchi numbers (−1)ⁿG_2n is

${\displaystyle t\tan \left({\frac {t}{2}}\right)=\sum _{n\geq 1}(-1)^{n}G_{2n}{\frac {t^{2n}}{(2n)!}}}$

They enumerate the following objects:

• Permutations in S_2n−1 with descents after the even numbers and ascents after the odd numbers.
• Permutations π in S_2n−2 with 1 ≤ π(2i−1) ≤ 2n−2i and 2n−2i ≤ π(2i) ≤ 2n−2.
• Pairs (a₁,…,a_n−1) and (b₁,…,b_n−1) such that a_i and b_i are between 1 and i and every k between 1 and n−1 occurs at least once among the a_i's and b_i's.
• Reverse alternating permutations a₁ < a₂ > a₃ < a₄ >…>a_2n−1 of [2n−1] whose inversion table has only even entries.

• Euler number

• Weisstein, Eric W. "Genocchi Number". MathWorld.
• Richard P. Stanley (1999). Enumerative Combinatorics, Volume 2, Exercise 5.8. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56069-1
• Gérard Viennot, Interprétations combinatoires des nombres d'Euler et de Genocchi, Seminaire de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux, Volume 11 (1981-1982)
• Serkan Araci, Mehmet Acikgoz, Erdoğan Şen, Some New Identities of Genocchi Numbers and Polynomials