Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk
Count Geoffrey Wladislas Vaile Potocki de Montalk (10 June 1903 – 14 April 1997) was a poet, polemicist, and pretender to the Polish throne. Born in New Zealand, he was the eldest son of Auckland architect Robert Wladislas (Potocki) de Montalk, grandson of Paris-born Professor Count Joseph Wladislas Edmond Potocki de Montalk, and great-grandson of Polish-born Count Jozef Franciszek Jan Potocki, the Insurgent, of Białystok.[1]
Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk | |
|---|---|
 A police photograph of Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk | |
| Born | Geoffrey Wladyslaw Vaile Potocki de Montalk 6 October 1903 Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand |
| Died | 14 April 1997 (aged 93) Brignoles, Provence, France |
| Occupation | Poet, writer |
| Nationality | New Zealand |
| Period | 20th century |
| Notable works | Lament for Sir John Penis; Katyn Manifesto |
In 1926, de Montalk left his wife and small daughter in New Zealand to be a poet by "...follow(ing) the golden road to Samarkand". He travelled to England but moved in 1949 to Draguignan in the south of France where he obtained land and a ramshackle stone cottage – the Villa Vigoni – deep in the Provençal countryside. He did not return to New Zealand until 1983. Between 1984 and 1993, he followed the sun by spending summers in either New Zealand or France. He died at Brignoles in France in 1997 and was buried at Draguignan.
Career
Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk was one of a group of New Zealand poets which included his friends A. R. D. Fairburn and R. A. K. Mason. However, his proposed career as a romantic poet was severely affected by a court case in 1932. He was arrested after attempting to publish a manuscript of erotic translations of works by Rabelais and Verlaine, with three short bawdy verses of his own. Though the manuscript had not actually been published, it had been shown to a printer at the Methodist Recorder in London who reported de Montalk to the police on the grounds of obscenity. The subsequent charge was "obscene libel", specifically in relation to the work "Lament for Sir John Penis".
On 8 February 1932, he appeared before Sir Ernest Wild, Recorder of London at the Central Criminal Court and after a celebrated trial – at which he was supported by Leonard and Virginia Woolf and many of the leading writers of the day – he was sentenced to six months in Wormwood Scrubs. He later said that when it was asked who had been libelled, the answer given by the prosecution was "Sir John Penis"!
He emerged from prison bitter and determined to flout English convention. He adopted a mock-medieval style of dress, wearing sandals and a crimson tunic, and a cloak made from a length of scarlet curtain he had begun wearing soon after arrival in London and had worn during his trial. His hair, which had been allowed to grow in prison, continued to grow until it was waist length. After his release he travelled to Warsaw, where he was well received and reported on by that nation's newspapers.
He returned to England in 1935, to cover the Silver Jubilee of George V, who died shortly thereafter. When Edward VIII declared his intention to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson, against the wishes of Prime Minister Baldwin, and was forced to abdicate, Potocki de Montalk printed a manifesto supporting the King and chastising Baldwin, distributing copies in Downing Street and was arrested. Aldous Huxley sent his wife to arrange bail and later funded the purchase of Potocki's first printing press. Potocki married for the second time in 1939.
From 1936 onwards, Potocki produced his extreme right-wing literary publication, the Right Review (1936–73).[2] The Right Review was intended as a response to the Left Review.[3] The first issue of The Right Review, in October carried a statement of Potocki's own monarchist position:
It is our aim to show that the Divine Right of Kings is the sanest and best form of government, being in the last resort the only fount of power and consequently of human life. We intend to prove that such government is intensely beneficial to the whole human race including the lowest races of mankind. In this way we hope to provide the Right Wing with a living ideology.[2][4]
The publication was noted for its strong support of the Spanish Nationalists; it attacked T. S. Eliot for not expressing support for the Nationalists.[3] The Right Review also published poetry by Roy Campbell and D. S. Savage.[3]
Over the next four decades, Potocki published his own poetry and pamphlets. In 1943, informed by Poles living in London about the Katyn massacre of 15,000 Polish servicemen by Britain's ally, the Soviet Union, Potocki published what he considered to be his most important piece of writing, his Katyn Manifesto.
The British government had been keen to keep the atrocity quiet, which the Soviet Union blamed on Nazi Germany. Potocki was arrested by Special Branch and imprisoned. Later, he was sent to an agricultural camp in Northumberland. This manifesto was the only acknowledgement of the atrocity in English. The full truth of the Katyn massacre was not to emerge for another 50 years.[5] His arrest and conviction was reported as related to the blackout regulations as he was showing a light, and he was reported as saying in court Heil Hitler.[6] In 1945, Potocki criticized the Nuremberg Trials describing them as 'a revolting travesty of justice'.[7]
Legacy
In 2001, his cousin Stephanie de Montalk wrote a biography of this enigmatic and colourful figure. His Right Review is currently archived in the Alexander Turnbull Library at the National Library of New Zealand, which also holds all his 105 original works.
References
- Écrits de Paris: revue des questions actuelles, Centre d'études des questions actuelles, politiques, économiques et sociales, 2007
- Patrick Deane, History in Our Hands: a critical anthology of writings on literature, culture, and politics from the 1930s. London: Leicester University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780718501433, (pp. 183–4).
- Stanley Weintraub, The Last great cause. The intellectuals and the Spanish civil war. London: W. H. Allen, 1968. (p. 157, 165–6)
- Alvin Sullivan,British literary magazines: The modern age, 1914–1984 London : Greenwood Press, 1986. ISBN 0313243360 (p. 409).
- The Katyn connection, strangeflowers.wordpress.com. 14 April 2010.
- "Gaol for "King": Former New Zealander (page down)". Papers Past. 25 October 1943.
- Mulhall (2021), p. 80
Further reading
- Dunmore, John (2006). Wild Cards: Eccentric Characters from New Zealand's Past. Auckland, N.Z.: New Holland. ISBN 1-86966-132-X.
- Rigby Graham, 'Count Potocki of Montalk', in Parenthesis; 12 (2006 November), p. 19-20
- de Montalk, Stephanie (2001). Unquiet World: The Life of Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk. Wellington, N.Z.: Victoria University Press. ISBN 0-86473-414-X.
- de Montalk, Geoffrey (1993). Aristo: Confessions of Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk. Christchurch, N.Z.: Leitmotif. ISBN 0-473-02220-6.
- Macklin, Graham & Fowlie, Craig (2019) "The fascist who would be king: Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk". Patterns of Prejudice. 53 (2): 152–177. 2019. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2019.1577007. S2CID 151027955.
- Martin, Chris (11 May 2007). ""I've Spent My Life Being Me": The Life and Singular Exploits of Count Potocki de Montalk". THE LOST CLUB JOURNAL. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
- Mulhall, Joe (2021). British Fascism After the Holocaust: From the Birth of Denial to the Notting Hill Riots 1939–1958. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-62414-6.