Georgian Bay Formation

Georgian Bay Formation
Georgian Bay Formation
Stratigraphic range: Upper Ordovician (upper Maysvillian-lower Richmondian)[1]
Type	Formation
Underlies	Queenston Formation; Manitoulin Formation;
Overlies	Blue Mountain Formation[2]
Location
Region	Michigan, Ontario
Country	United States, Canada

The Georgian Bay Formation is a geologic formation in Michigan and Ontario. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The type locality of the formation is on East Meaford Creek (previously called Workman Creek), south shore of Nottawasaga Bay, Georgian Bay.[2]

Description

The formation consists of massive shale interbedded with siltstone/sandstone and limestone, with sub-horizontal bedding planes and widely spaced jointing.[3]

Fossil content

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Ichnotaxa

Ichnotaxa
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Paleodictyon	P. isp. A	Southern Ontario.[1]	2 specimens, ROM 49424 and ROM 49624.[1]
Paleodictyon	?P. isp. B	Southern Ontario.[1]	1 specimen: ROM 49625.[1]
Planolites	P. constriannulatus	Southern Ontario.[4]

Vertebrates

Conodonts
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Amorphognathus	A. ordovicicus	Lower part of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
Aphelognathus	A. grandis	Uppermost lower and upper members.[2]
	A. politus	Lower part of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
	A. pyramidlis	Upper member.[2]
Belodina	B. confluens	Lower member at southern Georgian Bay.[2]
Coelocerondontus	C. trigonius	Lower part and Upper member of the formation.[2]
Decoriconus	D. fragilis	Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Drepanoistodus	D. suberectus	Lower part, uppermost lower and upper members of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
Gen. et. sp. indet. 1		Upper member.[2]
Gen. et. sp. indet. 2		Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Gen. et. sp. indet. 3		Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Icriodella	I. prominens	Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Icriodella	I. superba	Lower part of the formation.[2]
Oulodus	O. robustus	Upper and lower members.[2]
	O. ulrichi	Upper member.[2]
	O. undulatus	Upper member.[2]
Ozarkodina	O. aff. O. hassi	Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Panderodus	P. gracilis	Lower part and upper member of the formation.[2]
	P. aff. P. gracilis	Uppermost lower and upper members.[2]
	P. staufferi	Lower part and upper member of the formation.[2]
Paroistodus	P. mutatus	Lower part of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
Periodon	P. grandis	Lower part of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
Phragmodus	P. undatus	Lower part and upper member of the formation.[2]		Also found in the Blue Mountain Formation.
Plectodina	P. inclinata	Upper member at southern Georgian Bay.[2]
Plectodina	P. tenuis	Lower part and upper member of the formation.[2]
Pseudobelodina	P. inclinata	Upper member, Manitoulin Island.[2]
	P. cf. P. kirki	Upper member, Manitoulin Island.[2]
	P. microdentata	Manitoulin Island.[2]
	P. quadrata	Upper member,Manitoulin Island.[2]
	P. vulgaris vulgaris	Upper member,Manitoulin Island.[2]
Pseudooneotodus	P. beckmanni	Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Rhipidognathus	R. symmetricus	Upper part of the formation.[2]
Staufferella	S. falcata	Lower member at southern Georgian Bay.[2]
Walliserodus	W. curvatus	Upper member, Kagawong West Quarry.[2]
Zanclodus	Z. sp.	Upper member.[2]

Invertebrates

Arthropods
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Orcanopterus	O. manitoulinensis	Kangawong Submember, Manitoulin Island.[5]		A eurypterid.

Brachiopods
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Kinnella	K. laurentiana	Lower Kagawong Submember.[6]		An orthide.

Other animals
Genus	Species	Presence	Material	Notes	Images
Curviconophorus	C. andersoni			Scleritomous metazoan.[7]

References

Stanley, D. C.A.; Pickerill, R. K. (1993-07-01). "Shallow marine Paleodictyon from the Upper Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario". Atlantic Geology. 29 (2). doi:10.4138/1994. ISSN 1718-7885.
Zhang, Shunxin; Tarrant, Glen A.; Barnes, Christopher R. (November 2011). "Upper Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy and the age of the Collingwood Member, southern Ontario, Canada¹Earth Science Sector (ESS) Contribution 20100302". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (11): 1497–1522. doi:10.1139/e11-047. ISSN 0008-4077.
Cao, Laifa; Peaker, S. M.; Ahmad, Shaheen; Sirati, A. (September 2014). "Engineering characteristic of Georgian Bay Formation in Toronto". GeoRegina. doi:10.13140/2.1.2400.5123.
Christopher, D.; Stanley, A.; Pickerill, Ron K. (January 1994). "Planolites constriannulatusisp. nov. from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario, eastern Canada". Ichnos. 3 (2): 119–123. doi:10.1080/10420949409386379. ISSN 1042-0940.
STOTT, CHRISTOPHER A.; TETLIE, O. ERIK; BRADDY, SIMON J.; NOWLAN, GODFREY S.; GLASSER, PAUL M.; DEVEREUX, MATTHEW G. (November 2005). "A NEW EURYPTERID (CHELICERATA) FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN OF MANITOULIN ISLAND, ONTARIO, CANADA". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (6): 1166–1174. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1166:anecft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0022-3360.
A., Stott, Christopher (2007). The earliest known Kinnella, an orthide brachiopod from the Upper Ordovician of Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. OCLC 999203691.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rudkin, David M (1998). "A new scleritomous metazoan from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation, southern Ontario". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 35 (7): 827–831. doi:10.1139/e98-032. ISSN 0008-4077.

Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.

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[:0-1] Stanley, D. C.A.; Pickerill, R. K. (1993-07-01). "Shallow marine Paleodictyon from the Upper Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario". Atlantic Geology. 29 (2). doi:10.4138/1994. ISSN 1718-7885.

[:1-2] Zhang, Shunxin; Tarrant, Glen A.; Barnes, Christopher R. (November 2011). "Upper Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy and the age of the Collingwood Member, southern Ontario, Canada¹Earth Science Sector (ESS) Contribution 20100302". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (11): 1497–1522. doi:10.1139/e11-047. ISSN 0008-4077.

[3] Cao, Laifa; Peaker, S. M.; Ahmad, Shaheen; Sirati, A. (September 2014). "Engineering characteristic of Georgian Bay Formation in Toronto". GeoRegina. doi:10.13140/2.1.2400.5123.

[4] Christopher, D.; Stanley, A.; Pickerill, Ron K. (January 1994). "Planolites constriannulatusisp. nov. from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario, eastern Canada". Ichnos. 3 (2): 119–123. doi:10.1080/10420949409386379. ISSN 1042-0940.

[5] STOTT, CHRISTOPHER A.; TETLIE, O. ERIK; BRADDY, SIMON J.; NOWLAN, GODFREY S.; GLASSER, PAUL M.; DEVEREUX, MATTHEW G. (November 2005). "A NEW EURYPTERID (CHELICERATA) FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN OF MANITOULIN ISLAND, ONTARIO, CANADA". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (6): 1166–1174. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1166:anecft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0022-3360.

[6] A., Stott, Christopher (2007). The earliest known Kinnella, an orthide brachiopod from the Upper Ordovician of Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada. OCLC 999203691.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Rudkin, David M (1998). "A new scleritomous metazoan from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation, southern Ontario". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 35 (7): 827–831. doi:10.1139/e98-032. ISSN 0008-4077.