Geosmithia

Geosmithia is a genus of anamorphic fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Hypocreales. The genus, circumscribed by Australian mycologist John Pitt in 1979,[1] is widely distributed. A 2008 estimate placed ten species in the genus,[2] but several new species have since been described. Thousand cankers disease, which affects economically important black walnut (Juglans nigra) populations in North America, is caused by Geosmithia morbida.[3]

Geosmithia
Geosmithia morbida on leaves of black walnut
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Order:
Hypocreales
Family:
incertae sedis
Genus:
Geosmithia

Pitt (1979)
Type species
Geosmithia lavendula
(Raper & Fennell) Pitt (1979)

Species in the genus are generally similar to those in Penicillium, but can be distinguished from them by forming cylindrical conidia from rough-walled phialides. Additionally, the conidia of Geosmithia do not have a green color, in contrast to the characteristic blue-grey or green-grey conidia of Penicillium. Some Geosmithia species have teleomorphic forms that are classified in the genus Talaromyces. However, Geosmithia is a polyphyletic taxon with evolutionary affinities to at least three groups of the euascomycete lineage within the Ascomycota.[4] The generic name Geosmithia honors British mycologist George Smith.[1]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;[5]

  • Geosmithia brunnea Y.T. Huang, M. Kolařík & Hulcr (2017)
  • Geosmithia carolliae A.O.B. Cunha, A.R. Machado & Souza-Motta (2018)
  • Geosmithia cnesini M. Kolařík & Kirkendall (2015)
  • Geosmithia eburnea Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa (1994)[6]
  • Geosmithia emersonii (Stolk) Pitt (1979)
  • Geosmithia eupagioceri M. Kolařík (2010)[7]
  • Geosmithia fassatiae M. Kolařík, Kubátová & Pažoutová (2005)[8]
  • Geosmithia flava M. Kolařík, Kubátová & Pažoutová (2004)
  • Geosmithia langdonii M. Kolařík, Kubátová & Pažoutová (2005)[8]
  • Geosmithia lavendula (Raper & Fennell) Pitt (1979)
  • Geosmithia malachitea Yaguchi & Udagawa (1993)[9]
  • Geosmithia microcorthyli M. Kolařík (2010)
  • Geosmithia morbida M. Kolařík, Freeland, C. Utley & Tisserat (2010)
  • Geosmithia namyslowskii (K.W. Zaleski) Pitt (1979)
  • Geosmithia obscura M. Kolařík, Kubátová & Pažoutová (2005)[8]
  • Geosmithia omnicola Pepori M. Kolařík, Bettini, Vettraino & Santini (2015)
  • Geosmithia proliferans Y.T. Huang, M. Kolařík, Kasson & Hulcr (2017)
  • Geosmithia putterillii (Thom) Pitt (1979)
  • Geosmithia rufescens M. Kolařík (2010)[7]
  • Geosmithia swiftii Pitt (1979)
  • Geosmithia tibetensis Y.M. Wu & T.Y. Zhang (2013)[10]
  • Geosmithia ulmacea Pepori, M. Kolařík, Bettini, Vettraino & Santini (2015)
  • Geosmithia xerotolerans Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel (2018)

Former species;[5]

  • G. argillacea (Stolk, H.C. Evans & T. Nilsson) Pitt (1979) = Rasamsonia argillacea Aspergillaceae family
  • G. cylindrospora (G. Sm.) Pitt (1979) = Rasamsonia cylindrospora Aspergillaceae
  • G. pallida (G. Sm.) M. Kolařík, Kubátová & Pažoutová (2004) = Geosmithia putterillii
  • G. viridis Pitt & A.D. Hocking (1985) = Talaromyces viridulus Aspergillaceae

References
  1. Pitt JI. (1979). "Geosmithia, gen. nov. for Penicillium lavendulum and related species". Canadian Journal of Botany. 57 (19): 2021–30. doi:10.1139/b79-252.
  2. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  3. Derickx L, Antunes PM (2013). A Guide to the Identification and Control of Exotic Invasive Species in Ontario's Hardwood Forests. Algoma University. pp. 259–60. ISBN 978-0-929100-21-0.
  4. Ogawa H, Yoshimura A, Sugiyama J (1997). "Polyphyletic Origins of Species of the Anamorphic Genus Geosmithia and the Relationships of the Cleistothecial Genera: Evidence from 18S, 5S and 28S rDNA Sequence Analyses". Mycologia. 89 (5): 756–71. doi:10.2307/3761132. JSTOR 3761132.
  5. "Geosmithia - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  6. Yaguchi T, Someya A, Udagawa S (1994). "Two new species of Talaromyces from Taiwan and Japan". Mycoscience. 35 (3): 249–55. doi:10.1007/BF02268446.
  7. Kolarík M, Kirkendall LR (2010). "Evidence for a new lineage of primary ambrosia fungi in Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)". Fungal Biology. 114 (8): 676–89. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.06.005. PMID 20943178.
  8. Kolarík M, Kubátova A, Cepicka I, Pazoutovtá S, Srůtka P (2005). "A complex of three new white-spored, sympatric, and host range limited Geosmithia species". Mycological Research. 109 (12): 1323–36. doi:10.1017/S0953756205003965. PMID 16353633.
  9. Yaguchi T, Miyadoh S, Udagawa SI (1993). "Chromocleista, a new cleistothecial genus with a Geosmithia anamorph". Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 102: 101–8.
  10. Wu Y-M, Xu J-J, Wang H-F, Zhang T-Y (2013). "Geosmithia tibetensis sp. nov. and new Gibellulopsis and Scopulariopsis records from Qinghai-Tibet". Mycotaxon. 125: 59–64. doi:10.5248/125.59.


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