Giewont

Giewont (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡʲɛvɔnt] ⓘ) is a mountain massif in the Tatra Mountains of Poland. Its highest peak, Great Giewont (Wielki Giewont), is 1,894 metres (6,214 ft)1,894 metres (6,217 ft) above sea level and the highest peak of the Western Tatras (Polish: Tatry Zachodnie) located entirely within Poland's borders. The mountain is regarded as the symbol of Zakopane, the Polish Tatras and Podhale, which throughout history has been the subject of many legends, poems and works of art.

Giewont
Highest point
Elevation1,894 m (6,214 ft)[1][2] [lower-alpha 1]
Prominence170 m (560 ft) Edit this on Wikidata
Isolation1.31 km (0.81 mi) Edit this on Wikidata
ListingMountains of Poland
Coordinates49°15′02″N 19°56′02″E
Geography
Giewont is located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Giewont
Giewont
Location in Poland
Giewont is located in Poland
Giewont
Giewont
Giewont (Poland)
LocationLesser Poland, Poland
Parent rangeWestern Tatras, Tatra Mountains
Climbing
First ascent1830 by Franciszek Herbich and Aleksander Zawadzki
Easiest routeSouth

Geography

Giewont lies in the area of the Polish Tatra National Park (Tatrzański Park Narodowy). It encompasses three peaks: Small Giewont (Polish: Mały Giewont, 1,728 metres (5,669 ft)), Great Giewont (Wielki Giewont, 1,894 metres (6,214 ft)) and Long Giewont (Długi Giewont, 1,867 metres (6,125 ft)). There is a mountain pass located between Great and Long Giewont, known as Szczerba (1,823 metres (5,981 ft)). It is located between the valleys of Kondratowa, Małej Łąki and Strążyska.[4] The 600 metres (2,000 ft) high northern face of Great Giewont is clearly visible from the nearby town of Zakopane and remains one of the most characteristic features of the panorama of the Polish Tatras. Geologically, Giewont is composed of dolomite and limestone caves, as well as gneiss and granite in the southern section. Giewont's caves include Juhaska Cave, Sleeping Knights' Cave (Polish: Jaskinia Śpiących Rycerzy), Kozia Grota Cave and Ruda Nyża Cave.[5]

Fauna and flora
Tatra chamois

A number of Poland's rare species of plants have been recorded in the area including field locoweed, Hoppe's cudweed, halberd willow, leathery grapefern, false orchid, Pedicularis hacqueti, Cerastium latifolium L and Senecio aurantiacus Less. Among notable animal species is Tatra chamois. Giewont is one of few places in Poland where these animals can survive winter.[6]

History

The earliest document mentioning the mountain dates back to the 16th century and mentions a copper mine located in the Gyewant Mountain. The origin of the name remains unclear. It might originate from the German word Gewand (rock formation); however, according to Mariusz Zaruski, the name has its roots like many other names in the Tatras in a family name of Goral people considering the fact that families bearing this name, which, however, could also derive from the German word, still lived in the area[7]

The first recorded ascent to Giewont's summit was undertaken in 1830 by Franciszek Herbich and Aleksander Zawadzki. Mariusz Zaruski completed the first recorded winter ascent in 1905.[8] Nowadays, hiking trails lead to the peak of the mountain, making it a popular hiking destination.

In 1901, a 15 metres (49 ft) tall steel cross was erected on the summit of Great Giewont and quickly became a site of religious pilgrimages as well as a national symbol. It also became a place for many to manifest their political views as was the case in 1982 during the Martial law in Poland when a banner with the logo of the Solidarity appeared on the cross.[9] In 2007, the cross was inscribed on the register of historical monuments of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.[10]

2019 thunderstorm

The area frequently experiences thunderstorms. On 22 August 2019, four people were killed and over 100 were injured during an unexpected severe thunderstorm.[11] Most of the victims were on Giewont, where lightning struck the metal cross atop the mountain as well as a metal chain near the summit, according to local media. Four people died in Poland, including two children, and one person died in Slovakia.[12] It was the worst disaster on the mountain since 1937.[13]

Cultural significance

In Polish folklore, the mountain is associated with several legends about sleeping knights who will awake when Poland is in danger.[14] The profile of the mountain resembles a lying knight, wherein the Long Giewont is the knight's torso, and the Great Giewont is the knight's face as viewed from the side (the three 'peaks' representing the chin, the nose, and the eyebrow). The image of Giewont as viewed from the north makes the profile easy to discern.[14] This image of the mountain was further ingrained in the collective consciousness of the nation thanks to an 1880 poem by Adam Asnyk.[15] It proved to be a source of inspiration for many other renowned artists and writers, including Leon Wyczółkowski and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. In 1875, it officially appeared for the first time on the seal of the city of Zakopane.[9]

In 1880, painter and photographer Walery Eljasz Radzikowski described the mountain in the following words: "Giewont is visible from every cottage, therefore it deservedly holds the title of the King of Zakopane".[7]

See also

Notes
  1. According to the most recent measurement[3] by a Polish government body, Giewont has an altitude of 1,894.82 metres (6,216.6 ft), with most sources rounding this down to 1,894 metres (6,214 ft) a.s.l.

References
  1. "Skąd się wziął krzyż na Giewoncie?". Onet Podróże (in Polish). 2022-11-20. Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  2. "Topographic map of Giewont". opentopomap.org. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  3. "Giewont". geoportal.gov.pl.
  4. Radwańska-Paryska, Zofia; Paryski, Witold Henryk (1995). Wielka encyklopedia tatrzańska. Poronin: Wydawnictwo Górskie. ISBN 978-83-7104-009-2.
  5. "Jaskinie Polski" (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  6. "Przyrodnicy kontra taternicy - Nie będziemy w jednym gnieździe spali" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  7. "Na bezdrożach tarzańskich" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2016-12-23. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  8. Baraniak, Krzysztof (2014-09-05). "Tatrzańskie szczyty: GIEWONT". Tatromaniak - Serwis Miłośników Tatr (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  9. "Skąd się wziął krzyż na Giewoncie?" (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  10. "Symbol polskich Tatr. Skąd się wziął krzyż na Giewoncie?" (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  11. "Poland lightning strike kills four, injures 100, in Tatra mountains storm". Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  12. "Z krzyża na skały, ze skał na łańcuch. Tak piorun na Giewoncie raził turystów" (in Polish). 23 August 2019. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  13. "BURZA W TATRACH. NAJWIĘKSZA TRAGEDIA NA GIEWONCIE OD 1937 ROKU" (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  14. Baraniak, Krzysztof (2014-08-15). "Legenda o śpiących rycerzach". TATROMANIAK - Serwis Miłośników Tatr (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  15. Guzek, Paweł (2014-12-06). "Giewont w poezji i kulturze". Portal Górski (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
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References
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