Gidhabal
The Gidabal, also known as Kitabal and Githabul, are an indigenous Australian tribe of southern Queensland,[1] who inhabited an area in south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales, now within the Southern Downs, Tenterfield and Kyogle Local Government regions.
Language
The Githabul call their language Githabul - it is variety of the Condamine-Upper Clarence language, a dialect cluster of the wider Bundjalungic branch of Pama–Nyungan language family,[2] though the Githabul dislike calling their language Bundjalung as a descriptor of their speech.[3]
Country
According to Norman Tindale, the Githabul owned over some 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2) of territory which lay around the headwaters of the Clarence, Richmond, and Logan rivers on the Great Dividing Range. He adds that it extended from Killarney to Urbenville, Woodenbong, Unumgar (Nganamgah[4]), and Tooloom. at Rathdowney and about Spicer Gap. Tindale placed its southern reaches near the vicinity of Tabulam and Drake.[5]
Social organization
R. H. Mathews visited with the Githabul in 1898 and picked up the following information concerning their social divisions, which were fourfold.[6]
| Cycle | Mother | Father | Son | Daughter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karrpiyan[lower-alpha 1] | Barrangan | Dyerwain | Bandyoor | Bandyooran |
| Bandyooran | Bunda | Barrang | Barrangan | |
| Tiyatyi[lower-alpha 2] | Dyerwaingan | Barrang | Bunda | Bundagan |
| Bundagan | Bandyoor | Dyerwain | Dyerwaingan | |
History of contact
Native title
In September 1995 Githabul legal scholar Trevor Close, on behalf of his people, lodged a native title claim for 140,600 hectares in the Kyogle, Woodenbong and Tenterfield areas in northeast New South Wales and in Queensland, south of Rathdowney. Justice Catherine Branson of the Federal Court of Australia, on 29 November 2007, made a consent determination recognising their non-exclusive native title rights and interests over 1,120 square kilometres (430 sq mi) in nine national parks and 13 state forests in northern New South Wales.[7]
Alternative names
- Kidabal, Kidjabal, Kit(t)a-bool, Kittabool, Kitabool, Kitapul
- Gidabul, Gidjoobal
- Kuttibul
- Noowidal[5]
Notes
- updating Matrhews' Karpeun.
- Updating Mathews' Deeadyee.
Citations
- Tindale 1974, p. 168.
- Crowley 1978, pp. 142–171.
- Sharpe 2005, p. 1.
- Sharpe 1985, p. 104.
- Tindale 1974, p. 195.
- Mathews 1907, p. 83.
- Branson 2007.
Sources
- "AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS. 28 July 2023.
- Crowley, Terry (1978). The middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. pp. 142–171. ISBN 0855750650.
- "Githabul People's native title determination North-eastern New South Wales" (PDF). National Native Title Tribunal. 29 November 2009.
- "Githabul People's native title recognised in NSW". National Native Title Tribunal. 29 November 2007.
- Mathews, R. H. (1898a). "Initiation ceremonies of some Queensland tribes". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 37 (157): 54–73. JSTOR 983694.
- Mathews, R. H. (1898b). "Divisions of Queensland aborigines". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 37: 327–336.
- Mathews, R. H. (1907). "Notes on the aborigines of the Northern Territory, Western Australia, and Queensland" (PDF). Queensland Geographical Journal. 22: 74–86.
- Meade, Kevin (11 September 2007). "Tribe on a high as heartland won back". The Australian. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012.
- Mercer, Phil (2 January 2007). "Aborigines in big land claim win". BBC News.
- Sharpe, Margaret C. (1985). "Bundjalung Settlement and Migration" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 9 (1): 101–124.
- Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). An Introduction to the Yugambeh-Bundjalung Language and its Dialects (4th ed.). Armidale: University of New England.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Kitabal (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press.