Glasgow Central (UK Parliament constituency)

Glasgow Central is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (at Westminster). In its current form, the constituency was first used at the 2005 general election, but there was also a Glasgow Central constituency that existed from 1885 to 1997. The sitting MP is Alison Thewliss of the Scottish National Party (SNP), who was first elected in May 2015. This constituency was also the seat of the former Conservative Prime Minister Bonar Law, who was the shortest-serving UK Prime Minister of the twentieth century.

Glasgow Central
Burgh constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Glasgow Central in Scotland
Subdivisions of ScotlandGlasgow City
Major settlementsBridgeton, Dalmarnock, Dumbreck, Glasgow, Pollokshields
Current constituency
Created2005
Member of ParliamentAlison Thewliss (SNP)
Created fromGlasgow Govan
Glasgow Kelvin
Glasgow Shettleston
Glasgow Pollok
Glasgow Rutherglen
1885–1997
SeatsOne
Type of constituencyBurgh constituency
Created fromGlasgow
Replaced byGlasgow Cathcart, Glasgow Govan, Glasgow Kelvin, Glasgow Shettleston and Glasgow Springburn[1]

The seat is due to be abolished for the next general election, with its contents being distributed to five neighbouring constituencies.[2]

Boundaries

1885–1918: The Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Municipal Wards.[3]

1918–1950: "That portion of the city which is bounded by a line commencing at a point at the intersection of the centre lines of Parliamentary Road and Castle Street, thence southward along the centre line of Castle Street to the centre line of Alexandra Parade, thence eastward along the centre line of Alexandra Parade to the centre line of Firpark Street, thence southward along the centre line of Firpark Street and Ark Lane to the centre line of Duke Street, thence westward along the centre line of Duke Street to the centre line of Sydney Street, thence southward along the centre line of Sydney Street to the centre line of Gallowgate, thence westward along the centre line of Gallowgate to the centre line of Saltmarket, thence southward along the centre line of Saltmarket and Albert Bridge to the centre line of the River Clyde, thence westward along the centre line of the River Clyde to a point in line with the centre line of McAlpine Street, thence northward along the centre line of McAlpine Street, Pitt Street and Scott Street to the centre line of New City Road, thence south-eastward along the centre line of New City Road and Cowcaddens to the centre line of Buchanan Street, thence southward along the centre line of Buchanan Street to the centre line of Parliamentary Road, thence north-eastward along the centre line of Parliamentary Road to the point of commencement."

1950–1975: The Exchange and Townhead wards of the county of the city of Glasgow.[4]

1955–1974: The Cowcaddens and Townhead wards of the county of the city of Glasgow, and part of Exchange ward.[5]

1974–1983: The County of the City of Glasgow wards of Calton, Dalmarnock, Exchange, and Townhead.

1983–1997: The City of Glasgow District electoral divisions of Central/Calton, Kingston/Hutchesontown, and Queen's Park/Crosshill.

2005–present: The Glasgow City wards of Anderston, Bridgeton/Dalmarnock, Calton, Govanhill, Hutchesontown, Kelvingrove, Kingston, Merchant City, Pollokshields East, Strathbungo, and Toryglen.

Glasgow Central is now one of seven constituencies covering the Glasgow City council area. All are entirely within the council area. Prior to the 2005 general election, the city area was covered by ten constituencies, of which two straddled boundaries with other council areas.

The Central constituency, as defined in 2005, includes parts of the former Glasgow Govan, Glasgow Kelvin, Glasgow Shettleston, Glasgow Pollok and Glasgow Rutherglen constituencies.[6] Scottish Parliament constituencies for the area are predominantly Glasgow Southside on the South of the river and Glasgow Kelvin on the North of the river, with Calton, Bridgeton and Dalmarnock areas of Glasgow Shettleston as well as a single polling place each from Glasgow Cathcart and Glasgow Provan.

The new Central constituency sits across the River Clyde, and includes the areas of Kelvingrove, Anderston, Merchant City, Calton, Pollokshields, Gorbals and Govanhill.

Constituency profile

The constituency takes in Glasgow city centre to the north, including Kelvingrove Art Gallery, the main railway stations, Glasgow Cathedral and the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre. It is home to both Strathclyde and Caledonian Universities, as well as the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and still often referred to locally as RSAMD) and the Glasgow School of Art. It also houses a significant number of students attending the University of Glasgow, which is just over the boundary in Glasgow North. The large student population is an important factor in elections, and the presence of four degree-awarding institutions as well as a significant portion of the student body of a fifth has led to claims that it is the best-educated constituency in the United Kingdom. The Merchant City is also here, yuppie housing built out of the disused cotton and tobacco warehouses. This area is a symbol of the rebirth of the city.

At the heart of the constituency is the River Clyde, marking the boundaries of Glasgow Central from the Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome and Oatlands in the east of the constituency, to Glasgow Science Centre and Glasgow's Riverside Museum to the west. There is some deprived areas within the seat itself though it is mostly an affluent area.[7]

Glasgow Central is estimated to have voted to Remain in the European Union by 66.6% in the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the EU.[8]

Members of Parliament
ElectionMember[9] Party
1885 Gilbert Beith Liberal
1886 John George Alexander Baird Conservative
1906 Andrew Mitchell Torrance Liberal
1909 by-election Charles Dickson Conservative
1915 by-election John McLeod
1918 Andrew Bonar Law Unionist
1923 William Alexander
1945 James Hutchison
1950 James McInnes Labour
1966 Thomas McLellan McMillan
1980 by-election Bob McTaggart
1989 by-election Mike Watson
1997 constituency abolished
2005 Mohammad Sarwar Labour
2010 Anas Sarwar
2015 Alison Thewliss SNP

Election results

Elections in the 2010s
General election 2019: Glasgow Central[10][11][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
SNP Alison Thewliss 19,750 49.2 +4.5
Labour Faten Hameed 13,276 33.1 -5.3
Conservative Flora Scarabello 3,698 9.2 -4.7
Liberal Democrats Ewan Hoyle 1,952 4.9 +2.0
Scottish Green Elaine Gallagher 1,429 3.6 New
Majority 6,474 16.1 +9.8
Turnout 40,105 57.9 +2.0
SNP hold Swing +4.9

Flora Scarabello was suspended by the Scottish Conservatives after alleged Islamophobia. Because nominations had closed at the time of her suspension, she still appeared on the ballot paper as the Conservative candidate.[13]

General election 2017: Glasgow Central[14][15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
SNP Alison Thewliss 16,096 44.7 -7.8
Labour Faten Hameed 13,829 38.4 +5.3
Conservative Charlotte Fairbanks 5,014 13.9 +7.9
Liberal Democrats Isabel Nelson 1,045 2.9 +1.3
Majority 2,267 6.3 -13.1
Turnout 35,984 55.9 +0.5
SNP hold Swing -6.6
See also: Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies, 2010–15 § Glasgow Central
General election 2015: Glasgow Central[16][17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
SNP Alison Thewliss 20,658 52.5 +35.0
Labour Anas Sarwar 12,996 33.1 −18.9
Conservative Simon Bone 2,359 6.0 −1.1
Scottish Green Cass Macgregor 1,559 4.0 +1.4
UKIP Stuart Maskell 786 2.0 +1.2
Liberal Democrats Chris Young 612 1.6 −14.8
CISTA James Marris 171 0.4 New
TUSC Andrew Elliott 119 0.3 New
Socialist Equality Katie Rhodes 58 0.1 New
Majority 7,662 19.4 N/A
Turnout 39,318 55.4 +4.5
SNP gain from Labour Swing +27.0
General election 2010: Glasgow Central[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Anas Sarwar 15,908 52.0 +3.8
SNP Osama Saeed 5,357 17.5 +2.7
Liberal Democrats Chris Young 5,010 16.4 −1.4
Conservative John Bradley 2,158 7.1 +0.8
Scottish Green Alastair Whitelaw 800 2.6 −2.3
BNP Ian Holt 616 2.0 −0.4
Scottish Socialist James Nesbitt 357 1.2 −2.8
UKIP Ramsay Urquhart 246 0.8 New
Pirate Finlay Archibald 128 0.4 New
Majority 10,551 34.5 +4.1
Turnout 30,580 50.9 +7.1
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 2000s
General election 2005: Glasgow Central[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Mohammad Sarwar 13,518 48.2 −6.5
Liberal Democrats Isabel Nelson 4,987 17.8 +8.2
SNP Bill Kidd 4,148 14.8 −6.1
Conservative Richard Sullivan 1,757 6.3 +0.1
Scottish Green Gordon Masterton 1,372 4.9 New
Scottish Socialist Marie Gordon 1,110 4.0 −2.5
BNP Walter Hamilton 671 2.4 New
Socialist Labour Ian Johnson 255 0.9 +0.5
Christian Vote Thomas Greig 139 0.5 New
Communist Elinor McKenzie 80 0.3 +0.1
Majority 8,531 30.4
Turnout 28,037 43.8 +4.4
Labour hold Swing −7.3

Elections in the 1990s
General election 1992: Glasgow Central[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Mike Watson 17,341 57.2 −7.3
SNP Brendan O'Hara 6,322 20.8 +10.8
Conservative Ewen N. Stewart 4,208 13.9 +0.9
Liberal Democrats Alan Rennie 1,921 6.3 −4.2
Scottish Green Irene F. Brandt 435 1.4 +0.5
Communist Tam Dean Burn 106 0.4 −0.4
Majority 11,019 36.4 -15.1
Turnout 30,333 63.1 -2.5
Labour hold Swing −9.1

Elections in the 1980s
By-election 1989: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Mike Watson 14,480 54.6 −9.9
SNP Alex Neil 8,018 30.2 +20.2
Conservative Allan Hogarth 2,028 7.6 −5.4
Green Irene F. Brandt 1,019 3.8 +1.9
SLD Robert McCreadie 411 1.5 −9.0
SDP Peter Kerr 253 1.0 New
Revolutionary Communist Linda Murdoch 141 0.5 New
Scottish Socialist Bill Kidd 137 0.5 New
Workers Revolutionary David Lettice 48 0.2 New
Majority 6,462 24.4 −27.1
Turnout 26,535 52.9 -12.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 1987: Glasgow Central[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bob McTaggart 21,619 64.5 +11.5
Conservative Bernard Jenkin 4,366 13.0 −6.0
Liberal John Bryden 3,528 10.5 −6.2
SNP Alexander Wilson 3,339 10.0 −0.3
Green Andrew Brooks 290 0.9 New
Communist John McGoldrick 265 0.8 −0.3
Red Front Derek Owen 126 0.4 New
Majority 17,253 51.5 +17.5
Turnout 33,533 65.6 +2.8
Labour hold Swing
General election 1983: Glasgow Central[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bob McTaggart 17,066 53.0 -21.5
Conservative William Harvey 6,104 19.0 +2.6
Liberal Isabel Nelson 5,366 16.7 New
SNP Peter Mallan 3,300 10.3 -0.8
Communist John McGoldrick 347 1.1 New
Majority 10,962 34.0 -21.9
Turnout 32,183 62.8 +3.3
Labour hold Swing
1980 Glasgow Central by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Bob McTaggart 4,902 60.8 −11.7
SNP Gil Paterson 2,122 26.3 +16.2
Conservative Anna McCurley 707 8.8 −7.6
National Front John MacKenzie 148 1.8 New
Scottish Young Liberal Graham Watson 134 1.7 New
Ecology David Mellor 45 0.6 New
Social Democrat (1979) Donald Kean 10 0.1 New
Majority 2,780 34.5 -21.6
Turnout 8,062
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s
General election 1979: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas McLellan McMillan 8,542 72.5 +8.9
Conservative Farooq Ahmed Saleem 1,937 16.4 +3.4
SNP Stephen Graham Bird 1,308 11.1 -8.1
Majority 6,605 56.1 +11.7
Turnout 11,787 59.5 -1.4
Labour hold Swing
General election October 1974: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas McLellan McMillan 9,231 63.6 +4.9
SNP Brian Nugent 2,790 19.2 +5.4
Conservative Norman Woolfson 1,880 13.0 -7.4
Liberal Eric Matthew Bennett 605 4.2 -1.9
Majority 6,441 44.4 +7.2
Turnout 14,506 56.9 -6.1
Labour hold Swing
General election February 1974: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas McLellan McMillan 9,400 58.7 -7.3
Conservative M. Gourlay 3,435 21.4 +1.5
SNP Stewart Martin Ewing 2,211 13.8 -0.3
Liberal Alexander Paton Brodie 982 6.1 New
Majority 5,965 37.2 -8.9
Turnout 16,028 63.0 +3.8
Labour hold Swing
General election 1970: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas McLellan McMillan 7,936 66.0 -8.8
Conservative Gordon Rennie 2,394 19.9 -5.3
SNP Angus Mclntosh 1,688 14.1 New
Majority 5,542 46.1 -3.5
Turnout 12,018 59.2 +0.5
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s
General election 1966: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas McLellan McMillan 11,673 74.8 +4.6
Conservative Ronald B Anderson 3,924 25.2 -4.7
Majority 7,749 49.6 +9.3
Turnout 15,597 58.7 -3.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 1964: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James McInnes 13,343 70.2 +5.6
Unionist George F Boyd 5,679 29.9 -5.5
Majority 7,664 40.3 +11.1
Turnout 19,022 62.4 -5.0
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s
General election 1959: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James McInnes 15,918 64.6 +2.8
Unionist Iain David Barber-Fleming 8,712 35.4 -2.8
Majority 7,206 29.2 +5.6
Turnout 24,630 67.4 +4.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 1955: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James McInnes 16,674 61.8 +3.6
Unionist Iain David Barber-Fleming 10,307 38.2 -2.0
Majority 6,367 23.6 +5.6
Turnout 26,981 62.7 -11.6
Labour hold Swing
General election 1951: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James McInnes 15,757 58.2 +3.6
Unionist William Sinclair 10,875 40.2 -3.4
United Socialist Movement Guy Aldred 411 1.5 -0.3
Majority 4,882 18.0 +7.0
Turnout 27,043 74.3 +0.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 1950: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour James McInnes 14,861 54.6 +14.7
Unionist James Hutchison 11,857 43.6 -0.4
United Socialist Movement Guy Aldred 485 1.8 New
Majority 3,004 11.0 N/A
Turnout 27,203 73.6 +13.9
Labour gain from Unionist Swing

Elections in the 1940s
General election 1945: Glasgow Central
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist James Hutchison 9,365 44.0 -15.1
Labour James McInnes 7,849 36.9 -7.2
Communist Robert Cooney 2,709 12.7 New
Liberal Norman Macleod Glen 1,072 5.0 New
United Socialist Movement Guy Aldred 300 1.4 New
Majority 1,516 7.1 -4.7
Turnout 21,295 59.7
Unionist hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s
General election 1935: Glasgow Central[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist William Alexander 16,707 55.9 -9.4
Labour Richard Stokes 13,186 44.1 +9.4
Majority 3,521 11.8 -18.8
Turnout 29,893
Unionist hold Swing
General election 1931: Glasgow Central[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist William Alexander 21,547 65.3 +14.4
Labour William Martin 11,456 34.7 -14.4
Majority 10,091 30.6 +28.8
Turnout 33,003
Unionist hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s
General election 1929: Glasgow Central [25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist William Alexander 18,336 50.9 −8.2
Labour Craigie Aitchison 17,663 49.1 +8.2
Majority 673 1.8 −16.4
Turnout 35,999 72.0 +1.8
Registered electors 49,983
Unionist hold Swing −8.2
General election 1924: Glasgow Central [26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist William Alexander 18,258 59.1 +13.3
Labour J. D. White 12,617 40.9 −3.5
Majority 5,641 18.2 +16.8
Turnout 30,875 70.2 +2.7
Registered electors 44,010
Unionist hold Swing +8.4
Mitchell
General election 1923: Glasgow Central [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist William Alexander 13,392 45.8 −4.1
Labour Edward Mitchell 12,976 44.4 +2.5
Liberal Harold Tennant 2,870 9.8 +1.6
Majority 416 1.4 −6.6
Turnout 29,238 67.5 −3.7
Registered electors 43,292
Unionist hold Swing −3.3
Sir George Paish
General election 1922: Glasgow Central[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Bonar Law 15,437 49.9 −28.9
Labour Edward Mitchell 12,923 41.9 +20.7
Liberal George Paish 2,518 8.2 New
Majority 2,514 8.0 −49.6
Turnout 30,878 71.2 +18.3
Registered electors 43,351
Unionist hold Swing −24.8

Elections in the 1910s
General election 1918: Glasgow Central[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist Bonar Law 17,653 78.8 +25.0
Independent Labour David John Mitchel Quin 4,736 21.2 New
Majority 12,917 57.6 +50.0
Turnout 22,389 52.9 −23.5
Registered electors 42,329
Unionist hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
By-election 15 July 1915: Glasgow Central[29][30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist John MacLeod 5,341 95.3 +41.5
Ind. Unionist Gavin William Ralston 266 4.7 New
Majority 5,075 90.6 +83.0
Turnout 5,607 31.8 −54.6
Registered electors 17,610
Unionist hold Swing N/A
General election December 1910: Glasgow Central[29][30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Dickson 6,888 53.8 +1.2
Liberal Alexander Murison 5,907 46.2 −1.2
Majority 981 7.6 +2.4
Turnout 12,795 86.4 −0.1
Conservative hold Swing +1.2
General election January 1910: Glasgow Central[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Dickson 6,713 52.6 +4.3
Liberal Alexander Murison 6,058 47.4 −4.3
Majority 655 5.2 N/A
Turnout 12,771 86.5 +3.2
Registered electors 14,768
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +4.3

Elections in the 1900s
1909 Glasgow Central by-election[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Charles Dickson 7,298 58.5 +10.2
Liberal Tommy Bowles 5,185 41.5 −10.2
Majority 2,113 17.0 N/A
Turnout 12,483 82.8 −0.5
Registered electors 15,081
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +10.2
General election January 1906: Glasgow Central[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Andrew Mitchell Torrance 6,720 51.7 New
Conservative John George Alexander Baird 6,289 48.3 N/A
Majority 431 3.4 N/A
Turnout 13,009 83.3 N/A
Registered electors 15,616
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing N/A
General election 1900: Glasgow Central[31][32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Alexander Baird Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1890s
General election 1895: Glasgow Central[30][32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Alexander Baird 5,621 59.7 +5.8
Liberal Edwin Adam 3,792 40.3 −5.8
Majority 1,829 19.4 +11.6
Turnout 9,413 62.3 −15.9
Registered electors 15,107
Conservative hold Swing +5.8
General election 1892: Glasgow Central[30][33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Alexander Baird 6,121 53.9 −2.8
Liberal Walter Menzies 5,245 46.1 +2.8
Majority 876 7.8 −5.6
Turnout 11,366 78.2 +1.0
Registered electors 14,542
Conservative hold Swing −2.8

Elections in the 1880s
General election 1886: Glasgow Central[30][34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John George Alexander Baird 5,780 56.7 +11.7
Liberal Gilbert Beith 4,423 43.3 −11.7
Majority 1,357 13.4 N/A
Turnout 10,203 77.2 −3.2
Registered electors 13,208
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +11.7
General election 1885: Glasgow Central[30][34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Gilbert Beith 5,846 55.0 N/A
Conservative John George Alexander Baird 4,779 45.0 N/A
Majority 1,067 10.0 N/A
Turnout 10,625 80.4 N/A
Registered electors 13,208
Liberal win (new seat)

See also

References
  1. "'Glasgow Central', June 1983 up to May 1997". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  2. Boundary Commission for Scotland (28 June 2023). "2023 Review of UK Parliament Constituency Boundaries in Scotland" (PDF). Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  3. Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, Sixth Schedule
  4. "Representation of the People Act 1948: Schedule 1", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1948 c. 65 (sch. 1), retrieved 23 July 2023
  5. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) (Glasgow Springburn, Glasgow Central and Glasgow Kelvingrove) Order 1955. SI 1955/31". Statutory Instruments 1955. Part II. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1956. pp. 2204–2206.
  6. "Fifth Periodical Review". Boundary Commission for Scotland. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007.
  7. "SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) 2016". Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  8. "European Referendum 2016 Glasgow Results". www.glasgow.gov.uk. 23 June 2016.
  9. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "G" (part 1)
  10. "Statement of Persons Nominated and Notice of Poll". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  11. "Glasgow Central parliamentary constituency - Election 2019". BBC News. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  12. "Commons Briefing Paper 8749. General Election 2019: results and analysis" (PDF). London: House of Commons Library. 28 January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  13. "Scottish Tories suspend second election candidate over alleged Islamophobia". HeraldScotland. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  14. 20 Trongate Glasgow Young Scot (11 May 2017). "General Election 2017 - Glasgow candidates announced". glasgow.gov.uk.
  15. "Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis" (PDF) (Second ed.). House of Commons Library. 29 January 2019 [7 April 2018]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2019.
  16. "Comment and letters". The National. 27 November 2014. p. 25.
  17. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  18. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  19. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. Whitaker's Almanack, 1939
  24. Whitaker's Almanack, 1934
  25. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  26. Oliver & Boyd's Edinburgh Almanac, 1927
  27. The Times, 8 December 1923
  28. The Times, 16 November 1922
  29. Whitaker's Almanack, 1920
  30. Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  31. British parliamentary election results 1885-1918
  32. Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1901
  33. Whitaker's Almanack, 1893
  34. Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1889

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