Global Food Security Index
The Global Food Security Index consists of a set of indices from 113 countries. It measures food security across most of the countries of the world.[1] It was first published in 2012, and is managed and updated annually by The Economist's intelligence unit.
Global food production
Food security differs around the world, with some regions being much more prone to food insecurity due to both lack of fertile land, as well as capital that could procure sufficient food through the purchasing of imports.[2] This demand for food is steadily growing, especially in developing countries, with studies showing it is likely to grow between 70%-100% over the next four decades.[3] Much research is underway to increase the productivity of crops, and therefore cultivate a greater volume of food.[3] But, unless that research extends to countries characterized by poor, high-density populations, Global Food Security Index scores are likely to decrease in the coming years.[2] Some journals, such as Science, suggest that it is imported that play the biggest role in producing these index scores, as in developing countries, a much greater percentage of the working force is dedicated to agriculture, yet they remain the countries with the lowest Global Food Security Index Scores.[2] This is further illustrated by the fact that the United States and Singapore consistently have the two highest Global Food Security Index scores, even though the portion of their respective economies dealing with agriculture is comparatively negligible.[4]
Criteria
The following parameters are considered for giving ranking to the countries.[5]
- Nutritional standards
- Urban absorption capacity
- Food consumption as a share of household expenditure
- Food loss
- Protein quality
- Agricultural import tariffs
- Diet diversification
- Agricultural infrastructure
- Volatility of agricultural production
- Proportion of population under the global poverty line
- Gross domestic product per capita (US$ PPP)
- Presence of food safety net programs
- Access to financing for farmers
- Public expenditure on agricultural R&D
- Corruption
- Political stability risk
- Sufficiency of supply
- Food safety
2022
Source:[6]
| Rank | Country | Overall score | Affordability | Availability | Quality and Safety | Sustainability and Adaptation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st |  Finland | 83.7 | 91.9 | 70.5 | 88.4 | 82.6 |
| 2nd |  Ireland | 81.7 | 92.6 | 70.5 | 86.1 | 75.1 |
| 3rd |  Norway | 80.5 | 87.2 | 60.4 | 86.8 | 87.4 |
| 4th |  France | 80.2 | 91.3 | 69.0 | 87.7 | 70.3 |
| 5th |  Netherlands | 80.1 | 92.7 | 70.7 | 84.7 | 69.2 |
| 6th |  Japan | 79.5 | 89.8 | 81.2 | 77.4 | 66.1 |
| =7th |  Sweden | 79.1 | 91.9 | 68.3 | 85.0 | 68.3 |
| =7th | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada | 79.1 | 88.3 | 75.7 | 89.5 | 60.1 |
| 9th |  United Kingdom | 78.8 | 91.5 | 71.6 | 77.6 | 71.1 |
| 10th |  Portugal | 78.7 | 90.0 | 77.0 | 79.8 | 64.5 |
| 11th | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Switzerland | 78.2 | 89.2 | 76.8 | 73.5 | 69.5 |
| 12th |  Austria | 78.1 | 91.3 | 67.1 | 81.2 | 69.7 |
| 13th |  United States | 78.0 | 87.1 | 65.1 | 88.8 | 69.4 |
| =14th |  Denmark | 77.8 | 92.1 | 63.2 | 89.1 | 63.8 |
| =14th |  New Zealand | 77.8 | 91.6 | 67.7 | 73.1 | 75.1 |
| 16th |  Czech Republic | 77.7 | 91.3 | 69.4 | 76.3 | 70.3 |
| 17th | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Belgium | 77.5 | 92.6 | 64.6 | 88.4 | 61.0 |
| 18th |  Costa Rica | 77.4 | 83.0 | 73.0 | 79.2 | 73.3 |
| 19th |  Germany | 77.0 | 87.9 | 67.0 | 79.9 | 70.8 |
| 20th |  Spain | 75.7 | 89.0 | 63.1 | 81.2 | 66.4 |
| 21st |  Poland | 75.5 | 87.4 | 63.8 | 81.5 | 66.7 |
| 22nd | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia | 75.4 | 93.3 | 61.1 | 84.0 | 58.8 |
| 23rd |  United Arab Emirates | 75.2 | 86.7 | 73.8 | 81.3 | 55.2 |
| 24th |  Israel | 74.8 | 88.6 | 67.2 | 87.4 | 52.2 |
| =25th |  Chile | 74.2 | 82.4 | 68.8 | 77.0 | 66.6 |
| =25th |  China | 74.2 | 86.4 | 79.2 | 72.0 | 54.5 |
| 27th |  Italy | 74.0 | 89.5 | 68.7 | 75.9 | 57.3 |
| 28th |  Singapore | 73.1 | 93.2 | 77.8 | 69.7 | 44.3 |
| 29th |  Bulgaria | 73.0 | 85.8 | 66.5 | 79.5 | 56.6 |
| 30th |  Qatar | 72.4 | 88.6 | 72.9 | 71.7 | 51.0 |
| 31st |  Greece | 72.2 | 88.5 | 58.3 | 80.8 | 57.3 |
| 32nd |  Kazakhstan | 72.1 | 78.0 | 67.2 | 76.3 | 65.4 |
| 33rd |  Uruguay | 71.8 | 80.0 | 65.6 | 73.8 | 65.8 |
| 34th |  Hungary | 71.4 | 86.7 | 63.3 | 74.4 | 57.0 |
| 35th |  Oman | 71.2 | 88.6 | 64.3 | 73.2 | 53.6 |
| 36th |  Slovakia | 71.1 | 89.1 | 55.3 | 77.9 | 57.6 |
| 37th |  Peru | 70.8 | 79.7 | 58.6 | 75.2 | 68.1 |
| 38th |  Bahrain | 70.3 | 91.3 | 60.1 | 76.3 | 47.3 |
| 39th |  South Korea | 70.2 | 76.8 | 71.5 | 71.5 | 58.5 |
| 40th |  Panama | 70.0 | 84.4 | 63.3 | 69.7 | 58.3 |
| =41st |  Saudi Arabia | 69.9 | 83.2 | 67.2 | 71.6 | 53.7 |
| =41st |  Malaysia | 69.9 | 87.0 | 59.5 | 74.7 | 53.7 |
| =43rd |  Russia | 69.1 | 77.8 | 61.4 | 78.7 | 56.6 |
| =43rd |  Mexico | 69.1 | 76.0 | 60.0 | 78.9 | 60.2 |
| 45th |  Romania | 68.8 | 85.1 | 60.6 | 77.9 | 47.1 |
| 46th |  Vietnam | 67.9 | 84.0 | 60.7 | 70.2 | 52.2 |
| 47th |  Jordan | 66.2 | 85.3 | 59.8 | 55.4 | 58.9 |
| 48th |  Ecuador | 65.6 | 70.8 | 59.3 | 69.4 | 62.0 |
| 49th |  Turkey | 65.3 | 58.4 | 65.3 | 78.5 | 61.2 |
| 50th |  Kuwait | 65.2 | 80.0 | 62.9 | 67.8 | 45.5 |
| 51st |  Brazil | 65.1 | 63.0 | 58.6 | 83.9 | 56.3 |
| =52nd |  Dominican Republic | 65.0 | 73.4 | 65.0 | 65.3 | 53.5 |
| =52nd | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Bolivia | 65.0 | 71.6 | 61.6 | 71.7 | 53.2 |
| 54th |  Argentina | 64.8 | 62.0 | 63.4 | 85.5 | 49.4 |
| 55th |  Belarus | 64.5 | 67.8 | 61.9 | 69.0 | 58.5 |
| 56th |  El Salvador | 64.2 | 72.5 | 71.2 | 71.5 | 38.1 |
| 57th |  Morocco | 63.0 | 74.6 | 42.9 | 73.1 | 60.0 |
| 58th |  Guatemala | 62.8 | 65.2 | 56.7 | 61.3 | 67.9 |
| 59th |  South Africa | 61.7 | 63.4 | 60.1 | 66.1 | 56.9 |
| 60th |  Honduras | 61.5 | 59.8 | 61.9 | 64.9 | 60.0 |
| 61st |  Serbia | 61.4 | 81.5 | 49.3 | 72.6 | 37.0 |
| 62nd |  Tunisia | 60.3 | 74.5 | 54.1 | 58.8 | 49.7 |
| 63rd |  Indonesia | 60.2 | 81.4 | 50.9 | 56.2 | 46.3 |
| =64th |  Thailand | 60.1 | 83.7 | 52.9 | 45.3 | 51.6 |
| =64th |  Colombia | 60.1 | 64.6 | 54.6 | 63.3 | 56.9 |
| 66th |  Azerbaijan | 59.8 | 78.1 | 56.2 | 54.5 | 44.6 |
| 67th |  Philippines | 59.3 | 71.5 | 55.2 | 65.3 | 41.8 |
| =68th |  Algeria | 58.9 | 66.8 | 57.3 | 54.7 | 54.2 |
| =68th |  India | 58.9 | 59.3 | 62.3 | 62.1 | 51.2 |
| 70th |  Paraguay | 58.6 | 74.3 | 47.0 | 76.3 | 32.8 |
| 71st |  Ukraine | 57.9 | 66.6 | 48.1 | 71.3 | 43.5 |
| 72nd |  Myanmar | 57.6 | 62.1 | 53.5 | 64.4 | 49.0 |
| 73rd |  Uzbekistan | 57.5 | 52.7 | 56.4 | 64.6 | 57.9 |
| 74th |  Nepal | 56.9 | 52.7 | 70.9 | 57.8 | 46.2 |
| 75th |  Tajikistan | 56.7 | 59.8 | 56.3 | 56.5 | 53.1 |
| 76th |  Nicaragua | 56.6 | 64.4 | 50.2 | 57.5 | 52.7 |
| 77th |  Egypt | 56.0 | 65.2 | 54.2 | 45.9 | 55.8 |
| 78th |  Cambodia | 55.7 | 74.3 | 54.5 | 54.0 | 33.9 |
| 79th |  Sri Lanka | 55.2 | 61.0 | 57.2 | 55.0 | 45.3 |
| 80th |  Bangladesh | 54.0 | 52.1 | 61.5 | 58.4 | 43.9 |
| 81st |  Laos | 53.1 | 59.7 | 51.8 | 51.7 | 47.0 |
| 82nd |  Kenya | 53.0 | 41.7 | 52.5 | 68.8 | 52.6 |
| 83rd |  Ghana | 52.6 | 59.9 | 52.4 | 50.5 | 45.1 |
| 84th |  Pakistan | 52.2 | 59.9 | 58.3 | 49.4 | 37.7 |
| 85th |  Mali | 51.9 | 53.4 | 48.7 | 56.8 | 48.8 |
| 86th |  Senegal | 51.2 | 57.9 | 47.8 | 53.9 | 43.5 |
| 87th |  Botswana | 51.1 | 69.0 | 40.5 | 57.3 | 32.9 |
| 88th |  Rwanda | 50.6 | 48.4 | 51.8 | 50.3 | 52.7 |
| 89th |  Burkina Faso | 49.6 | 49.5 | 49.8 | 52.8 | 46.4 |
| 90th |  Tanzania | 49.1 | 45.8 | 58.7 | 50.2 | 41.7 |
| =91st |  Benin | 48.1 | 50.5 | 53.6 | 48.1 | 38.9 |
| =91st |  Malawi | 48.1 | 33.6 | 52.9 | 52.0 | 58.2 |
| 93rd |  Uganda | 47.7 | 48.3 | 41.0 | 45.1 | 57.0 |
| 94th |  Mozambique | 47.3 | 42.6 | 49.4 | 41.8 | 56.5 |
| 95th |  Côte d'Ivoire | 46.5 | 54.2 | 42.1 | 44.1 | 43.2 |
| 96th |  Cameroon | 46.4 | 50.4 | 31.9 | 56.5 | 47.0 |
| 97th |  Niger | 46.3 | 42.8 | 41.7 | 47.0 | 55.5 |
| 98th |  Togo | 46.2 | 45.7 | 51.0 | 42.3 | 45.4 |
| 99th |  Guinea | 45.1 | 37.0 | 49.0 | 39.8 | 56.9 |
| 100th |  Ethiopia | 44.5 | 32.9 | 44.7 | 59.3 | 44.9 |
| 101st |  Angola | 43.7 | 35.5 | 43.5 | 43.9 | 54.6 |
| 102nd |  Zambia | 43.5 | 26.8 | 46.7 | 54.2 | 51.6 |
| 103rd |  Chad | 43.2 | 50.1 | 40.0 | 44.7 | 35.9 |
| 104th |  Democratic Republic of Congo | 43.0 | 46.9 | 40.6 | 43.5 | 40.1 |
| 105th |  Sudan | 42.8 | 35.2 | 48.2 | 53.9 | 35.7 |
| 106th |  Venezuela | 42.6 | 41.8 | 36.7 | 51.5 | 41.4 |
| 107th |  Nigeria | 42.0 | 25.0 | 39.5 | 55.6 | 53.7 |
| =108th |  Burundi | 40.6 | 32.5 | 41.4 | 52.4 | 38.6 |
| =108th |  Madagascar | 40.6 | 39.5 | 43.0 | 34.9 | 44.9 |
| 110th |  Sierra Leone | 40.5 | 36.6 | 35.5 | 41.8 | 49.8 |
| 111th |  Yemen | 40.1 | 46.4 | 26.9 | 48.7 | 37.8 |
| 112th |  Haiti | 38.5 | 32.8 | 49.6 | 37.9 | 34.2 |
| 113th |  Syria | 36.3 | 32.0 | 26.6 | 50.8 | 38.4 |
2019
| No [7] | Country | Overall Score | Affordability | Availability | Quality & safety |
| 1st | Singapore | 87.4 | 95.4 | 83.0 | 79.4 |
| 2nd | Ireland | 84.0 | 90.5 | 76.8 | 87.7 |
| 3rd | United States | 83.7 | 87.4 | 78.3 | 89.1 |
| 4th | Switzerland | 83.1 | 83.8 | 84.3 | 78.2 |
| =5th | Finland | 82.9 | 84.1 | 78.6 | 91.8 |
| =5th | Norway | 82.9 | 81.9 | 81.0 | 90.5 |
| 7th | Sweden | 82.7 | 85.0 | 78.1 | 89.4 |
| 8th | Canada | 82.4 | 83.3 | 80.0 | 86.7 |
| 9th | Australia | 82.0 | 85.6 | 76.2 | 88.9 |
| 10th | Austria | 81.7 | 85.4 | 78.6 | 81.1 |
| 11th | Germany | 81.5 | 84.9 | 79.1 | 79.8 |
| 12th | Netherlands | 81.4 | 86.6 | 77.1 | 79.9 |
| 13th | Qatar | 81.2 | 98.9 | 64.0 | 84.1 |
| 14th | Denmark | 81.0 | 85.4 | 74.8 | 87.2 |
| 15th | Belgium | 80.7 | 84.4 | 76.2 | 83.9 |
| 16th | France | 80.4 | 83.8 | 74.8 | 87.1 |
| 17th | United Kingdom | 79.1 | 83.6 | 74.4 | 80.9 |
| 18th | Israel | 79.0 | 83.0 | 73.6 | 83.8 |
| 19th | New Zealand | 78.8 | 84.6 | 75.5 | 73.5 |
| 20th | Portugal | 77.8 | 81.3 | 70.9 | 88.0 |
| =21st | Japan | 76.5 | 82.4 | 71.0 | 76.7 |
| =21st | United Arab Emirates | 76.5 | 89.8 | 63.7 | 78.5 |
| 23rd | Italy | 75.8 | 82.5 | 68.3 | 79.7 |
| 24th | Poland | 75.6 | 81.1 | 69.3 | 79.5 |
| =25th | Chile | 75.5 | 80.5 | 71.3 | 74.7 |
| =25th | Spain | 75.5 | 82.3 | 65.9 | 84.7 |
| 27th | Kuwait | 74.8 | 88.1 | 62.3 | 75.9 |
| 28th | Malaysia | 73.8 | 81.7 | 67.7 | 70.6 |
| 29th | South Korea | 73.6 | 75.8 | 71.2 | 74.9 |
| 30th | Saudi Arabia | 73.5 | 86.3 | 61.8 | 73.5 |
| 31st | Greece | 73.4 | 77.8 | 64.9 | 86.0 |
| 32nd | Czech Republic | 73.1 | 82.6 | 66.3 | 68.1 |
| 33rd | Uruguay | 72.8 | 79.3 | 66.7 | 73.3 |
| 34th | Hungary | 72.7 | 80.8 | 66.1 | 70.5 |
| 35th | China | 71.0 | 74.8 | 66.9 | 72.6 |
| 36th | Belarus | 70.9 | 76.0 | 62.9 | 80.2 |
| 37th | Argentina | 70.8 | 78.9 | 60.2 | 79.5 |
| 38th | Romania | 70.2 | 79.3 | 64.3 | 64.1 |
| =39th | Brazil | 70.1 | 77.0 | 58.8 | 84.0 |
| =39th | Costa Rica | 70.1 | 75.6 | 63.1 | 75.6 |
| 41st | Turkey | 69.8 | 74.7 | 64.8 | 71.1 |
| 42nd | Russia | 69.7 | 79.8 | 60.1 | 70.9 |
| =43rd | Colombia | 69.4 | 73.7 | 65.6 | 69.3 |
| =43rd | Mexico | 69.4 | 74.9 | 62.3 | 75.2 |
| 45th | Panama | 68.8 | 73.8 | 63.1 | 71.8 |
| 46th | Oman | 68.4 | 77.8 | 57.6 | 74.4 |
| 47th | Slovakia | 68.3 | 78.6 | 62.1 | 59.4 |
| =48th | Kazakhstan | 67.3 | 77.5 | 57.7 | 68.3 |
| =48th | South Africa | 67.3 | 70.8 | 64.5 | 66.2 |
| 50th | Bahrain | 66.6 | 81.9 | 56.3 | 56.9 |
| 51st | Bulgaria | 66.2 | 79.0 | 54.2 | 66.8 |
| 52nd | Thailand | 65.1 | 77.1 | 58.7 | 52.6 |
| 53rd | Azerbaijan | 64.8 | 75.3 | 59.2 | 54.0 |
| 54th | Vietnam | 64.6 | 75.1 | 59.7 | 51.7 |
| 55th | Egypt | 64.5 | 57.6 | 70.2 | 65.9 |
| 56th | Dominican Republic | 64.2 | 68.4 | 61.0 | 62.3 |
| 57th | Botswana | 63.8 | 69.5 | 61.3 | 56.6 |
| 58th | Peru | 63.3 | 69.1 | 59.0 | 60.4 |
| =59th | Ghana | 62.8 | 66.3 | 61.7 | 57.1 |
| =59th | Morocco | 62.8 | 61.5 | 64.2 | 61.9 |
| =59th | Serbia | 62.8 | 73.9 | 53.0 | 61.8 |
| 62nd | Indonesia | 62.6 | 70.4 | 61.3 | 47.1 |
| 63rd | Ecuador | 61.8 | 69.4 | 56.1 | 58.4 |
| =64th | Jordan | 61.0 | 70.5 | 54.8 | 54.2 |
| =64th | Philippines | 61.0 | 68.9 | 57.7 | 50.3 |
| 66th | Sri Lanka | 60.8 | 65.0 | 60.0 | 52.4 |
| 67th | El Salvador | 60.7 | 63.8 | 58.6 | 58.9 |
| 68th | Guatemala | 60.6 | 65.3 | 57.6 | 57.5 |
| 69th | Tunisia | 60.1 | 61.5 | 58.0 | 62.2 |
| 70th | Algeria | 59.8 | 66.9 | 55.8 | 53.0 |
| 71st | Uzbekistan | 59.0 | 65.6 | 55.1 | 53.4 |
| 72nd | India | 58.9 | 64.2 | 58.4 | 47.0 |
| 73rd | Honduras | 58.0 | 57.2 | 57.8 | 60.6 |
| 74th | Paraguay | 57.9 | 72.0 | 42.4 | 65.4 |
| 75th | Bolivia | 57.7 | 65.8 | 50.0 | 58.3 |
| 76th | Ukraine | 57.1 | 63.9 | 50.0 | 59.6 |
| 77th | Myanmar | 57.0 | 59.1 | 57.2 | 51.3 |
| 78th | Pakistan | 56.8 | 63.2 | 55.7 | 43.6 |
| 79th | Nepal | 56.4 | 58.5 | 55.4 | 53.7 |
| 80th | Mali | 54.4 | 45.9 | 60.1 | 59.9 |
| 81st | Senegal | 54.3 | 51.6 | 56.1 | 56.1 |
| 82nd | Nicaragua | 54.2 | 63.5 | 47.9 | 48.2 |
| 83rd | Bangladesh | 53.2 | 60.4 | 54.8 | 30.6 |
| 84th | Côte d'Ivoire | 52.3 | 53.5 | 58.1 | 33.1 |
| 85th | Benin | 51.0 | 48.6 | 54.9 | 46.4 |
| 86th | Kenya | 50.7 | 56.7 | 48.0 | 43.2 |
| 87th | Burkina Faso | 50.1 | 47.0 | 55.9 | 41.6 |
| 88th | Cameroon | 49.9 | 53.7 | 47.6 | 47.0 |
| 89th | Niger | 49.6 | 50.2 | 53.6 | 37.4 |
| 90th | Cambodia | 49.4 | 56.7 | 48.1 | 34.6 |
| 91st | Ethiopia | 49.2 | 49.7 | 52.6 | 39.0 |
| 92nd | Laos | 49.1 | 55.5 | 47.6 | 37.4 |
| 93rd | Tajikistan | 49.0 | 58.8 | 41.1 | 46.6 |
| 94th | Nigeria | 48.4 | 50.4 | 45.8 | 50.7 |
| 95th | Rwanda | 48.2 | 43.8 | 52.0 | 48.5 |
| 96th | Tanzania | 47.6 | 45.1 | 50.4 | 45.9 |
| 97th | Guinea | 46.7 | 47.4 | 52.4 | 29.0 |
| 98th | Uganda | 46.2 | 45.8 | 45.5 | 49.1 |
| 99th | Sudan | 45.7 | 47.1 | 44.4 | 46.0 |
| 100th | Angola | 45.5 | 51.3 | 40.5 | 44.9 |
| 101st | Zambia | 44.4 | 41.8 | 50.7 | 33.6 |
| 102nd | Togo | 44.0 | 45.6 | 47.2 | 31.0 |
| 103rd | Haiti | 43.3 | 50.3 | 39.6 | 35.9 |
| 104th | Malawi | 42.5 | 39.4 | 48.6 | 33.1 |
| 105th | Mozambique | 41.4 | 42.5 | 47.9 | 20.6 |
| 106th | Sierra Leone | 39.0 | 40.8 | 40.3 | 30.6 |
| 107th | Syria | 38.4 | 34.6 | 38.9 | 46.4 |
| 108th | Madagascar | 37.9 | 35.7 | 45.7 | 22.1 |
| 109th | Chad | 36.9 | 40.3 | 34.9 | 33.5 |
| 110th | Congo (Dem. Rep.) | 35.7 | 37.3 | 40.0 | 19.8 |
| 111th | Yemen | 35.6 | 45.5 | 28.6 | 30.2 |
| 112th | Burundi | 34.3 | 36.6 | 32.2 | 34.5 |
| 113th | Venezuela | 31.2 | 15.8 | 32.2 | 66.9 |
References
- Gillam, Carey (July 10, 2012). "U.S., Denmark top ranking of world's most "food-secure" countries". Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
- Baryshnikova, Natalia & Klimecka-Tatar, Dorota & Kiriliuk, Olga. (2019). The Role of the Foreign Trade in Ensuring Food Security in the Countries of the World: An Empirical Analysis. System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Top-5-food-exporters-and-importers-in-the-world-based-on-WTO-2018_tbl1_332101515
- Baulcombe, David (October 2009). "Reaping the benefits Science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture" (PDF). The Royal Society.
- Maricic, Bulajic, Dobrota, Jeremic, Milica, Milica, Marina, Veljko. "Redesigning The Global Food Security Index: A Multivariate Composite I-Distance Indicator Approach". International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics. Vol. 4 No. 1, Special Issue, 2016: 69–86.
- "Global Food Security Index". Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- "Global Food Security Index 2022". The Economist Newspaper Limited. November 18, 2022.
- "Food secure index, 2019 december". November 18, 2022.
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