Global Food Security Index

The Global Food Security Index consists of a set of indices from 113 countries. It measures food security across most of the countries of the world.[1] It was first published in 2012, and is managed and updated annually by The Economist's intelligence unit.

Global food production

Food security differs around the world, with some regions being much more prone to food insecurity due to both lack of fertile land, as well as capital that could procure sufficient food through the purchasing of imports.[2] This demand for food is steadily growing, especially in developing countries, with studies showing it is likely to grow between 70%-100% over the next four decades.[3] Much research is underway to increase the productivity of crops, and therefore cultivate a greater volume of food.[3] But, unless that research extends to countries characterized by poor, high-density populations, Global Food Security Index scores are likely to decrease in the coming years.[2] Some journals, such as Science, suggest that it is imported that play the biggest role in producing these index scores, as in developing countries, a much greater percentage of the working force is dedicated to agriculture, yet they remain the countries with the lowest Global Food Security Index Scores.[2] This is further illustrated by the fact that the United States and Singapore consistently have the two highest Global Food Security Index scores, even though the portion of their respective economies dealing with agriculture is comparatively negligible.[4]

Criteria

The following parameters are considered for giving ranking to the countries.[5]

  1. Nutritional standards
  2. Urban absorption capacity
  3. Food consumption as a share of household expenditure
  4. Food loss
  5. Protein quality
  6. Agricultural import tariffs
  7. Diet diversification
  8. Agricultural infrastructure
  9. Volatility of agricultural production
  10. Proportion of population under the global poverty line
  11. Gross domestic product per capita (US$ PPP)
  12. Presence of food safety net programs
  13. Access to financing for farmers
  14. Public expenditure on agricultural R&D
  15. Corruption
  16. Political stability risk
  17. Sufficiency of supply
  18. Food safety

2022

Source:[6]

RankCountryOverall scoreAffordabilityAvailabilityQuality and SafetySustainability and Adaptation
1st Finland83.791.970.588.482.6
2nd Ireland81.792.670.586.175.1
3rd Norway80.587.260.486.887.4
4th France80.291.369.087.770.3
5th Netherlands80.192.770.784.769.2
6th Japan79.589.881.277.466.1
=7th Sweden79.191.968.385.068.3
=7th Canada79.188.375.789.560.1
9th United Kingdom78.891.571.677.671.1
10th Portugal78.790.077.079.864.5
11th  Switzerland78.289.276.873.569.5
12th Austria78.191.367.181.269.7
13th United States78.087.165.188.869.4
=14th Denmark77.892.163.289.163.8
=14th New Zealand77.891.667.773.175.1
16th Czech Republic77.791.369.476.370.3
17th Belgium77.592.664.688.461.0
18th Costa Rica77.483.073.079.273.3
19th Germany77.087.967.079.970.8
20th Spain75.789.063.181.266.4
21st Poland75.587.463.881.566.7
22nd Australia75.493.361.184.058.8
23rd United Arab Emirates75.286.773.881.355.2
24th Israel74.888.667.287.452.2
=25th Chile74.282.468.877.066.6
=25th China74.286.479.272.054.5
27th Italy74.089.568.775.957.3
28th Singapore73.193.277.869.744.3
29th Bulgaria73.085.866.579.556.6
30th Qatar72.488.672.971.751.0
31st Greece72.288.558.380.857.3
32nd Kazakhstan72.178.067.276.365.4
33rd Uruguay71.880.065.673.865.8
34th Hungary71.486.763.374.457.0
35th Oman71.288.664.373.253.6
36th Slovakia71.189.155.377.957.6
37th Peru70.879.758.675.268.1
38th Bahrain70.391.360.176.347.3
39th South Korea70.276.871.571.558.5
40th Panama70.084.463.369.758.3
=41st Saudi Arabia69.983.267.271.653.7
=41st Malaysia69.987.059.574.753.7
=43rd Russia69.177.861.478.756.6
=43rd Mexico69.176.060.078.960.2
45th Romania68.885.160.677.947.1
46th Vietnam67.984.060.770.252.2
47th Jordan66.285.359.855.458.9
48th Ecuador65.670.859.369.462.0
49th Turkey65.358.465.378.561.2
50th Kuwait65.280.062.967.845.5
51st Brazil65.163.058.683.956.3
=52nd Dominican Republic65.073.465.065.353.5
=52nd Bolivia65.071.661.671.753.2
54th Argentina64.862.063.485.549.4
55th Belarus64.567.861.969.058.5
56th El Salvador64.272.571.271.538.1
57th Morocco63.074.642.973.160.0
58th Guatemala62.865.256.761.367.9
59th South Africa61.763.460.166.156.9
60th Honduras61.559.861.964.960.0
61st Serbia61.481.549.372.637.0
62nd Tunisia60.374.554.158.849.7
63rd Indonesia60.281.450.956.246.3
=64th Thailand60.183.752.945.351.6
=64th Colombia60.164.654.663.356.9
66th Azerbaijan59.878.156.254.544.6
67th Philippines59.371.555.265.341.8
=68th Algeria58.966.857.354.754.2
=68th India58.959.362.362.151.2
70th Paraguay58.674.347.076.332.8
71st Ukraine57.966.648.171.343.5
72nd Myanmar57.662.153.564.449.0
73rd Uzbekistan57.552.756.464.657.9
74th   Nepal56.952.770.957.846.2
75th Tajikistan56.759.856.356.553.1
76th Nicaragua56.664.450.257.552.7
77th Egypt56.065.254.245.955.8
78th Cambodia55.774.354.554.033.9
79th Sri Lanka55.261.057.255.045.3
80th Bangladesh54.052.161.558.443.9
81st Laos53.159.751.851.747.0
82nd Kenya53.041.752.568.852.6
83rd Ghana52.659.952.450.545.1
84th Pakistan52.259.958.349.437.7
85th Mali51.953.448.756.848.8
86th Senegal51.257.947.853.943.5
87th Botswana51.169.040.557.332.9
88th Rwanda50.648.451.850.352.7
89th Burkina Faso49.649.549.852.846.4
90th Tanzania49.145.858.750.241.7
=91st Benin48.150.553.648.138.9
=91st Malawi48.133.652.952.058.2
93rd Uganda47.748.341.045.157.0
94th Mozambique47.342.649.441.856.5
95th Côte d'Ivoire46.554.242.144.143.2
96th Cameroon46.450.431.956.547.0
97th Niger46.342.841.747.055.5
98th Togo46.245.751.042.345.4
99th Guinea45.137.049.039.856.9
100th Ethiopia44.532.944.759.344.9
101st Angola43.735.543.543.954.6
102nd Zambia43.526.846.754.251.6
103rd Chad43.250.140.044.735.9
104th Democratic Republic of Congo43.046.940.643.540.1
105th Sudan42.835.248.253.935.7
106th Venezuela42.641.836.751.541.4
107th Nigeria42.025.039.555.653.7
=108th Burundi40.632.541.452.438.6
=108th Madagascar40.639.543.034.944.9
110th Sierra Leone40.536.635.541.849.8
111th Yemen40.146.426.948.737.8
112th Haiti38.532.849.637.934.2
113th Syria36.332.026.650.838.4

2019

No [7] Country Overall Score Affordability Availability Quality & safety
1st Singapore 87.4 95.4 83.0 79.4
2nd Ireland 84.0 90.5 76.8 87.7
3rd United States 83.7 87.4 78.3 89.1
4th Switzerland 83.1 83.8 84.3 78.2
=5th Finland 82.9 84.1 78.6 91.8
=5th Norway 82.9 81.9 81.0 90.5
7th Sweden 82.7 85.0 78.1 89.4
8th Canada 82.4 83.3 80.0 86.7
9th Australia 82.0 85.6 76.2 88.9
10th Austria 81.7 85.4 78.6 81.1
11th Germany 81.5 84.9 79.1 79.8
12th Netherlands 81.4 86.6 77.1 79.9
13th Qatar 81.2 98.9 64.0 84.1
14th Denmark 81.0 85.4 74.8 87.2
15th Belgium 80.7 84.4 76.2 83.9
16th France 80.4 83.8 74.8 87.1
17th United Kingdom 79.1 83.6 74.4 80.9
18th Israel 79.0 83.0 73.6 83.8
19th New Zealand 78.8 84.6 75.5 73.5
20th Portugal 77.8 81.3 70.9 88.0
=21st Japan 76.5 82.4 71.0 76.7
=21st United Arab Emirates 76.5 89.8 63.7 78.5
23rd Italy 75.8 82.5 68.3 79.7
24th Poland 75.6 81.1 69.3 79.5
=25th Chile 75.5 80.5 71.3 74.7
=25th Spain 75.5 82.3 65.9 84.7
27th Kuwait 74.8 88.1 62.3 75.9
28th Malaysia 73.8 81.7 67.7 70.6
29th South Korea 73.6 75.8 71.2 74.9
30th Saudi Arabia 73.5 86.3 61.8 73.5
31st Greece 73.4 77.8 64.9 86.0
32nd Czech Republic 73.1 82.6 66.3 68.1
33rd Uruguay 72.8 79.3 66.7 73.3
34th Hungary 72.7 80.8 66.1 70.5
35th China 71.0 74.8 66.9 72.6
36th Belarus 70.9 76.0 62.9 80.2
37th Argentina 70.8 78.9 60.2 79.5
38th Romania 70.2 79.3 64.3 64.1
=39th Brazil 70.1 77.0 58.8 84.0
=39th Costa Rica 70.1 75.6 63.1 75.6
41st Turkey 69.8 74.7 64.8 71.1
42nd Russia 69.7 79.8 60.1 70.9
=43rd Colombia 69.4 73.7 65.6 69.3
=43rd Mexico 69.4 74.9 62.3 75.2
45th Panama 68.8 73.8 63.1 71.8
46th Oman 68.4 77.8 57.6 74.4
47th Slovakia 68.3 78.6 62.1 59.4
=48th Kazakhstan 67.3 77.5 57.7 68.3
=48th South Africa 67.3 70.8 64.5 66.2
50th Bahrain 66.6 81.9 56.3 56.9
51st Bulgaria 66.2 79.0 54.2 66.8
52nd Thailand 65.1 77.1 58.7 52.6
53rd Azerbaijan 64.8 75.3 59.2 54.0
54th Vietnam 64.6 75.1 59.7 51.7
55th Egypt 64.5 57.6 70.2 65.9
56th Dominican Republic 64.2 68.4 61.0 62.3
57th Botswana 63.8 69.5 61.3 56.6
58th Peru 63.3 69.1 59.0 60.4
=59th Ghana 62.8 66.3 61.7 57.1
=59th Morocco 62.8 61.5 64.2 61.9
=59th Serbia 62.8 73.9 53.0 61.8
62nd Indonesia 62.6 70.4 61.3 47.1
63rd Ecuador 61.8 69.4 56.1 58.4
=64th Jordan 61.0 70.5 54.8 54.2
=64th Philippines 61.0 68.9 57.7 50.3
66th Sri Lanka 60.8 65.0 60.0 52.4
67th El Salvador 60.7 63.8 58.6 58.9
68th Guatemala 60.6 65.3 57.6 57.5
69th Tunisia 60.1 61.5 58.0 62.2
70th Algeria 59.8 66.9 55.8 53.0
71st Uzbekistan 59.0 65.6 55.1 53.4
72nd India 58.9 64.2 58.4 47.0
73rd Honduras 58.0 57.2 57.8 60.6
74th Paraguay 57.9 72.0 42.4 65.4
75th Bolivia 57.7 65.8 50.0 58.3
76th Ukraine 57.1 63.9 50.0 59.6
77th Myanmar 57.0 59.1 57.2 51.3
78th Pakistan 56.8 63.2 55.7 43.6
79th Nepal 56.4 58.5 55.4 53.7
80th Mali 54.4 45.9 60.1 59.9
81st Senegal 54.3 51.6 56.1 56.1
82nd Nicaragua 54.2 63.5 47.9 48.2
83rd Bangladesh 53.2 60.4 54.8 30.6
84th Côte d'Ivoire 52.3 53.5 58.1 33.1
85th Benin 51.0 48.6 54.9 46.4
86th Kenya 50.7 56.7 48.0 43.2
87th Burkina Faso 50.1 47.0 55.9 41.6
88th Cameroon 49.9 53.7 47.6 47.0
89th Niger 49.6 50.2 53.6 37.4
90th Cambodia 49.4 56.7 48.1 34.6
91st Ethiopia 49.2 49.7 52.6 39.0
92nd Laos 49.1 55.5 47.6 37.4
93rd Tajikistan 49.0 58.8 41.1 46.6
94th Nigeria 48.4 50.4 45.8 50.7
95th Rwanda 48.2 43.8 52.0 48.5
96th Tanzania 47.6 45.1 50.4 45.9
97th Guinea 46.7 47.4 52.4 29.0
98th Uganda 46.2 45.8 45.5 49.1
99th Sudan 45.7 47.1 44.4 46.0
100th Angola 45.5 51.3 40.5 44.9
101st Zambia 44.4 41.8 50.7 33.6
102nd Togo 44.0 45.6 47.2 31.0
103rd Haiti 43.3 50.3 39.6 35.9
104th Malawi 42.5 39.4 48.6 33.1
105th Mozambique 41.4 42.5 47.9 20.6
106th Sierra Leone 39.0 40.8 40.3 30.6
107th Syria 38.4 34.6 38.9 46.4
108th Madagascar 37.9 35.7 45.7 22.1
109th Chad 36.9 40.3 34.9 33.5
110th Congo (Dem. Rep.) 35.7 37.3 40.0 19.8
111th Yemen 35.6 45.5 28.6 30.2
112th Burundi 34.3 36.6 32.2 34.5
113th Venezuela 31.2 15.8 32.2 66.9

References

  1. Gillam, Carey (July 10, 2012). "U.S., Denmark top ranking of world's most "food-secure" countries". Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
  2. Baryshnikova, Natalia & Klimecka-Tatar, Dorota & Kiriliuk, Olga. (2019). The Role of the Foreign Trade in Ensuring Food Security in the Countries of the World: An Empirical Analysis. System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Top-5-food-exporters-and-importers-in-the-world-based-on-WTO-2018_tbl1_332101515
  3. Baulcombe, David (October 2009). "Reaping the benefits Science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture" (PDF). The Royal Society.
  4. Maricic, Bulajic, Dobrota, Jeremic, Milica, Milica, Marina, Veljko. "Redesigning The Global Food Security Index: A Multivariate Composite I-Distance Indicator Approach". International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics. Vol. 4 No. 1, Special Issue, 2016: 69–86.
  5. "Global Food Security Index". Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  6. "Global Food Security Index 2022". The Economist Newspaper Limited. November 18, 2022.
  7. "Food secure index, 2019 december". November 18, 2022.


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