Gnistan (Minneapolis)

Gnistan (The Spark) was a Swedish-language radical, Socialist-Unitarian newspaper published from Minneapolis, United States in 1891 and 1892.[1][2] Gnistan was edited by Rev. Axel Lundberg, founder of the first Swedish Unitarian congregation in Minneapolis and a former associate of August Palm (founder of the socialist movement in Sweden).[1] Gnistan was supported by 'Gnistan' clubs in Minneapolis and Moline, Illinois. It became a weekly newspaper in December 1891. After it suspended publication in 1892, its subscribers received Facklan (edited by Theodor A. Hessell) instead.[3] Gnistan was later revived in Chicago in 1896.[2] The newspaper was later renamed as Vesterlandet (The Western Country).[4]

References

Barton, H. Arnold. Clipper Ship and Covered Wagon: Essays from the Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. New York: Arno P., 1979. p. 352
Ander, O. Fritiof. The Cultural Heritage of the Swedish Immigrant: Selected References. New York: Arno P., 1979. p. 159
Hoerder, Dirk, and Christiane Harzig. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. p. 157
Strand, Algot (1910). A History of the Swedish-Americans in Minnesota. Lewis Publishing. p. 301. gnistan newspaper.

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[a-1] Barton, H. Arnold. Clipper Ship and Covered Wagon: Essays from the Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly. New York: Arno P., 1979. p. 352

[b-2] Ander, O. Fritiof. The Cultural Heritage of the Swedish Immigrant: Selected References. New York: Arno P., 1979. p. 159

[c-3] Hoerder, Dirk, and Christiane Harzig. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. p. 157

[4] Strand, Algot (1910). A History of the Swedish-Americans in Minnesota. Lewis Publishing. p. 301. gnistan newspaper.