SNECMA 14R
The SNECMA 14R was a 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial engine developed in France just prior to the start of World War II from the Gnome-Rhône 14N. The 14N radial engine was itself an improved version of the popular pre-war Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major series; designed and manufactured by Gnome et Rhône, a major French aircraft engine manufacturer whose origins pre-date the First World War.
| SMEGMA 14R | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | 14 cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | Gnome-Rhône / SNECMA |
| Major applications | Breguet Br 500 Colmar |
| Developed from | Gnome-Rhône 14N |
The improved 14R was initially known as the Gnome-Rhône 14P and then the Gnome-Rhône 14R. There were several improvements such as the introduction of a longer crankshaft and crankcase with a centre bearing, an increase in cylinder capacity, and a two-speed compressor. These changes allowed the engine to deliver 1,400hp at take-off and 1,300hp at 1,500m (1st gear) and 1200hp at 4000m (2nd gear). This came at the cost of a much increased total weight. It was expected that further development, such as the introduction of higher grade fuels, would lead to a power output of 1,660hp at low altitude.
With the Fall of France, engine development was stopped under the occupation. After the war, development recommenced; however production of this engine after 1945 was transferred to the newly formed SNECMA and the engine was renamed the SNECMA 14R.
Variants
- 14R-04
- Improved higher performance using 92 Octane fuel. 14N with 2-speed supercharge (6.5:1 and 9:1), LH rotation, 1,190 kW (1,590 hp) for take-off.
- 14R-05
- RH rotation version of 14R-4.
- 14R-08
- RPM increased from 2,400 to 2,600 improving power output. LH rotation.
- 14R-09
- RH rotation version of 14R-08
- 14R-24
- LH rotation, 1,200 kW (1,600 hp).
- 14R-25
- RH rotation version of 14R-24.
- 14R-26
- LH rotation, 1,200 kW (1,600 hp).
- 14R-27
- RH rotation version of 14R-26.
- 14R-28
- LH rotation, 1,200 kW (1,600 hp).
- 14R-29
- RH rotation version of 14R-28.
- 14R-32
- LH rotation
- 14R-100
- 14R-200
- LH rotation
- 14R-201
- RH rotation
- 14R-210
- 28T-1
- 28 cylinder, double 14R-24 engines placed back-to-back with co-axial contra-rotating propeller shafts, direct fuel injection, 2-speed supercharger, 77.4 L (4,720 cu in) displacement, delivering 2,400 kW (3,200 hp) for take-off using 100/130 octane fuel.[1]
Specifications (14R-04)
Data from [2]
General characteristics
- Type: 14 cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine
- Bore: 146 mm (5.75 in)
- Stroke: 165 mm (6.50 in)
- Displacement: 38.7 L (2,361.62 cu in)
- Length: 1,635 mm (64.37 in)
- Diameter: 1,297 mm (51.06 in)
- Dry weight: 819 kg (1,805.59 lb)
- Frontal Area: 1.33 m2 (14.3 sq ft)
Components
- Valvetrain: Single inlet and exhaust valves operated by rockers and pushrods
- Supercharger: Gear-driven 2-speed supercharger at 6.5:1 and 9.0:1 ratios
- Fuel system: 1x Bronzavia updraught carburettor with automatic boost and altitude control
- Fuel type: 92 Octane gasoline
- Oil system: Pressure fed at 480 kPa (70 psi)
- Cooling system: Air-cooled with baffles
- Reduction gear: Planetary / epicyclic bevel reduction gearing at 0.67:1 ratio
- Starter: Air equipment electric inertia starter
- Ignition: 2 x R.B. magnetos, 2 x 18 mm (0.71 in) short reach spark plugs per cylinder fed by a shielded ignition harness.
Performance
- Power output:
- Take-off:1,590 hp (1,185.66 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 1,180 mm (46.46 in) Hg boost with 100 octane fuel
- Military, low:1,660 hp (1,237.86 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 1,000 m (3,280.84 ft)
- Military, high:1,580 hp (1,178.21 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 5,500 m (18,044.62 ft)
- Normal, low:1,320 hp (984.32 kW) at 2,400 rpm at 2,100 m (6,889.76 ft)
- Normal, high:1,230 hp (917.21 kW) at 2,400 rpm at 6,000 m (19,685.04 ft)
- Specific power: 31.85 kW/L (0.7 hp/cu.in)
- Compression ratio: 6.8:1
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.292 kg/kW/hr (0.48 lb/hp/hr)
- Oil consumption: 0.0067 kg/kW/hr (0.011 lb/hp/hr)
- Power-to-weight ratio: 1.494 kW/kg (0.909• hp/lb)
- B.M.E.P.: 1,470 kPa (213 psi)
- 14R-05 propeller rotates in opposite direction
References
- Wilkinson, Paul H. (1946). Aircraft engines of the World 1946 (4th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.
- Wilkinson, Paul H. (1945). Aircraft engines of the World 1945 (3rd ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.