Goaltending (basketball)

Goaltending is a violation of the rules in the sport of basketball. It consists of certain forms of player interference with the ball while it is on its way to the basket. It is goaltending if a player touches the ball when it is (a) in downward flight; or (b) above the basket rim and within an imaginary cylinder projecting above the rim; or (c) not touching the rim; or (varying at certain levels of the sport) after it has touched the backboard and has a chance of going in the hoop.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

This article is about an illegal form of shot-blocking in the sport of basketball. For other uses, see goaltender.
Goaltending includes interfering with a shot on its downward arc or after it has touched the backboard and has a chance of going in the hoop

Goaltending in this context defines by exclusion what is considered a legal block of a field goal. In high school and NCAA basketball, goaltending is also called when a player interferes with a free throw at any time in its flight towards the basket.[1][7]

Effect

If goaltending is called for interference with a field goal, the shooting team is awarded the points for the field goal as if it had been made. The team who commits the violation then inbounds the ball at its baseline, the same as if it had conceded a basket. In high school and NCAA basketball, if goaltending is called on a free throw, the shooting team is awarded one point and a technical foul is called against the offending player.[8][9]

Goaltending is commonly confused with the related violation of basket interference (also called offensive goaltending) which occurs during an attempted field goal when a player touches the basket, the rim, or the ball when it is on the rim or directly above it. Like goaltending, basket interference when committed by the defending team results in an award of points to the shooting team as if the attempted field goal had been made.

FIBA rules allow a defender to block any shot that is over the rim and the ball is on its upward flight.

The prohibition against goaltending was adopted by the NCAA in 1944 (and later by the NBL) specifically because of George Mikan. Prior to the advent of the high-jumping 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) Mikan, goaltending was not addressed because it was thought physically impossible.[10]

References
  1. Struckhoff, Mary, ed. (2009). 2009-2010 NFHS Basketball Rules. Indianapolis, Indiana: National Federation of High Schools. p. 31. Rule 4, Section 22
  2. NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Rule 11, Section I, f. Retrieved July 26, 2010
  3. "Goaltending/Basket Interference | NBA Official".
  4. 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Rule 4, Section 34, Article 1, a,b. Retrieved July 26, 2010
  5. 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Rule 4, Section 34, Article 3. Retrieved July 26, 2010 In the NCAA and (W)NBA, goaltending is also called if the ball has already touched the backboard while being above the height of the rim in its flight, regardless of it being in an upward or downward flight or whether it is directly above the rim.
  6. NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) Archived 2012-01-11 at the Wayback Machine Rule 11, Section I, c, d. Retrieved July 26, 2010
  7. 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Rule 4, Section 34, Article 2. Retrieved July 26, 2010
  8. 2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules Archived 2012-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Rule 9, Section 17, Article 1, b. Retrieved July 26, 2010
  9. Struckhoff, Mary, ed. (2009). 2009-2010 NFHS Basketball Rules. Indianapolis, Indiana: National Federation of High Schools. p. 60. Rule 10, Section 3, Article 9
  10. "George Lawrence Mikan Jr.". NBA Encyclopedia – Playoff Edition. National Basketball Association. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
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