Isotopes of gold

Isotopes of gold (₇₉Au)
β−	196Hg
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au)
	196.966570±0.000004; 196.97±0.01 (abridged)[2][3];

Gold (₇₉Au) has one stable isotope, ¹⁹⁷Au, and 37 radioisotopes, with ¹⁹⁵Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element. Bismuth formerly held that distinction until alpha-decay of the ²⁰⁹Bi isotope was observed. All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of ¹⁹⁷Au, observationally stable, meaning that ¹⁹⁷Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3]	Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 4]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide [n 1]	Excitation energy[n 4]			Half-life [n 4]	Decay mode [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity [n 8][n 4]	Normal proportion	Range of variation
¹⁶⁹Au[4]	79	90	168.99808(32)#	1.16+0.50 −0.47 μs	p (~94%)	¹⁶⁸Pt	(11/2−)
¹⁶⁹Au[4]	79	90	168.99808(32)#	1.16+0.50 −0.47 μs	α (~6%)	^165mIr	(11/2−)
¹⁷⁰Au[5]	79	91	169.99612(22)#	286+50 −40 μs	p (89%)	¹⁶⁹Pt	(2−)
¹⁷⁰Au[5]	79	91	169.99612(22)#	286+50 −40 μs	α (11%)	¹⁶⁶Ir	(2−)
^170mAu[6]	282(10) keV			617+50 −40 μs	p (58%)	¹⁶⁹Pt	(9+)
^170mAu[6]	282(10) keV			617+50 −40 μs	α (42%)	^166mIr	(9+)
¹⁷¹Au	79	92	170.991879(28)	22+3 −2 μs[7]	p (100%)	¹⁷⁰Pt	(1/2+)
¹⁷¹Au	79	92	170.991879(28)	22+3 −2 μs[7]	α (rare)	¹⁶⁷Ir	(1/2+)
^171mAu	258(13) keV			1.014(19) ms	α (66%)	^167mIr	11/2−
^171mAu	258(13) keV			1.014(19) ms	p (34%)	¹⁷⁰Pt	11/2−
¹⁷²Au	79	93	171.99004(17)#	4.7(11) ms	α (98%)	¹⁶⁸Ir	high
¹⁷²Au	79	93	171.99004(17)#	4.7(11) ms	p (2%)	¹⁷¹Pt	high
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986237(28)	25(1) ms	α	¹⁶⁹Ir	(1/2+)
¹⁷³Au	79	94	172.986237(28)	25(1) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁷³Pt	(1/2+)
^173mAu	214(23) keV			14.0(9) ms	α (96%)	¹⁶⁹Ir	(11/2−)
^173mAu	214(23) keV			14.0(9) ms	β⁺ (4%)	¹⁷³Pt	(11/2−)
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98476(11)#	139(3) ms	α	¹⁷⁰Ir	low
¹⁷⁴Au	79	95	173.98476(11)#	139(3) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁷⁴Pt	low
^174mAu	360(70)# keV			171(29) ms			high
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98127(5)	100# ms	α (82%)	¹⁷¹Ir	1/2+#
¹⁷⁵Au	79	96	174.98127(5)	100# ms	β⁺ (18%)	¹⁷⁵Pt	1/2+#
^175mAu	200(30)# keV			156(3) ms	α	¹⁷¹Ir	11/2−#
^175mAu	200(30)# keV			156(3) ms	β⁺	¹⁷⁵Pt	11/2−#
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98010(11)#	1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s]	α (60%)	¹⁷²Ir	(5−)
¹⁷⁶Au	79	97	175.98010(11)#	1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s]	β⁺ (40%)	¹⁷⁶Pt	(5−)
^176mAu	150(100)# keV			860(160) ms			(7+)
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976865(14)	1.462(32) s	β⁺ (60%)	¹⁷⁷Pt	(1/2+, 3/2+)
¹⁷⁷Au	79	98	176.976865(14)	1.462(32) s	α (40%)	¹⁷³Ir	(1/2+, 3/2+)
^177mAu	216(26) keV			1.180(12) s			11/2−
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.97603(6)	2.6(5) s	β⁺ (60%)	¹⁷⁸Pt
¹⁷⁸Au	79	99	177.97603(6)	2.6(5) s	α (40%)	¹⁷⁴Ir
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973213(18)	7.1(3) s	β⁺ (78%)	¹⁷⁹Pt	5/2−#
¹⁷⁹Au	79	100	178.973213(18)	7.1(3) s	α (22%)	¹⁷⁵Ir	5/2−#
^179mAu	99(16) keV						(11/2−)
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.972521(23)	8.1(3) s	β⁺ (98.2%)	¹⁸⁰Pt
¹⁸⁰Au	79	101	179.972521(23)	8.1(3) s	α (1.8%)	¹⁷⁶Ir
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	β⁺ (97.3%)	¹⁸¹Pt	(3/2−)
¹⁸¹Au	79	102	180.970079(21)	13.7(14) s	α (2.7%)	¹⁷⁷Ir	(3/2−)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969618(22)	15.5(4) s	β⁺ (99.87%)	¹⁸²Pt	(2+)
¹⁸²Au	79	103	181.969618(22)	15.5(4) s	α (.13%)	¹⁷⁸Ir	(2+)
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967593(11)	42.8(10) s	β⁺ (99.2%)	¹⁸³Pt	(5/2)−
¹⁸³Au	79	104	182.967593(11)	42.8(10) s	α (.8%)	¹⁷⁹Ir	(5/2)−
^183m1Au	73.3(4) keV			>1 μs			(1/2)+
^183m2Au	230.6(6) keV			<1 μs			(11/2)−
¹⁸⁴Au	79	105	183.967452(24)	20.6(9) s	β⁺	¹⁸⁴Pt	5+
^184mAu	68.46(1) keV			47.6(14) s	β⁺ (70%)	¹⁸⁴Pt	2+
					IT (30%)	¹⁸⁴Au
					α (.013%)	¹⁸⁰Ir
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.965789(28)	4.25(6) min	β⁺ (99.74%)	¹⁸⁵Pt	5/2−
¹⁸⁵Au	79	106	184.965789(28)	4.25(6) min	α (.26%)	¹⁸¹Ir	5/2−
^185mAu	100(100)# keV			6.8(3) min			1/2+#
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	β⁺ (99.9992%)	¹⁸⁶Pt	3−
¹⁸⁶Au	79	107	185.965953(23)	10.7(5) min	α (8×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸²Ir	3−
^186mAu	227.77(7) keV			110(10) ns			2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964568(27)	8.4(3) min	β⁺ (99.997%)	¹⁸⁷Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁷Au	79	108	186.964568(27)	8.4(3) min	α (.003%)	¹⁸³Ir	1/2+
^187mAu	120.51(16) keV			2.3(1) s	IT	¹⁸⁷Au	9/2−
¹⁸⁸Au	79	109	187.965324(22)	8.84(6) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁸Pt	1(−)
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(3) min	β⁺ (99.9997%)	¹⁸⁹Pt	1/2+
¹⁸⁹Au	79	110	188.963948(22)	28.7(3) min	α (3×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸⁵Ir	1/2+
^189m1Au	247.23(16) keV			4.59(11) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Pt	11/2−
^189m1Au	247.23(16) keV			4.59(11) min	IT (rare)	¹⁸⁹Au	11/2−
^189m2Au	325.11(16) keV			190(15) ns			9/2−
^189m3Au	2554.7(12) keV			242(10) ns			31/2+
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964700(17)	42.8(10) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁰Pt	1−
¹⁹⁰Au	79	111	189.964700(17)	42.8(10) min	α (10⁻⁶%)	¹⁸⁶Ir	1−
^190mAu	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	IT	¹⁹⁰Au	11−#
^190mAu	200(150)# keV			125(20) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁹⁰Pt	11−#
¹⁹¹Au	79	112	190.96370(4)	3.18(8) h	β⁺	¹⁹¹Pt	3/2+
^191m1Au	266.2(5) keV			920(110) ms	IT	¹⁹¹Au	(11/2−)
^191m2Au	2490(1) keV			>400 ns
¹⁹²Au	79	113	191.964813(17)	4.94(9) h	β⁺	¹⁹²Pt	1−
^192m1Au	135.41(25) keV			29 ms	IT	¹⁹²Au	(5#)+
^192m2Au	431.6(5) keV			160(20) ms			(11−)
¹⁹³Au	79	114	192.964150(11)	17.65(15) h	β⁺ (100%)	¹⁹³Pt	3/2+
¹⁹³Au	79	114	192.964150(11)	17.65(15) h	α (10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁹Ir	3/2+
^193m1Au	290.19(3) keV			3.9(3) s	IT (99.97%)	¹⁹³Au	11/2−
^193m1Au	290.19(3) keV			3.9(3) s	β⁺ (.03%)	¹⁹³Pt	11/2−
^193m2Au	2486.5(6) keV			150(50) ns			(31/2+)
¹⁹⁴Au	79	115	193.965365(11)	38.02(10) h	β⁺	¹⁹⁴Pt	1−
^194m1Au	107.4(5) keV			600(8) ms	IT	¹⁹⁴Au	(5+)
^194m2Au	475.8(6) keV			420(10) ms			(11−)
¹⁹⁵Au	79	116	194.9650346(14)	186.098(47) d	EC	¹⁹⁵Pt	3/2+
^195mAu	318.58(4) keV			30.5(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁵Au	11/2−
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966570(3)	6.1669(6) d	EC (93.05%)	¹⁹⁶Pt	2−
¹⁹⁶Au	79	117	195.966570(3)	6.1669(6) d	β⁻ (6.95%)	¹⁹⁶Hg	2−
^196m1Au	84.660(20) keV			8.1(2) s	IT	¹⁹⁶Au	5+
^196m2Au	595.66(4) keV			9.6(1) h			12−
¹⁹⁷Au[n 9]	79	118	196.9665687(6)	Observationally Stable[n 10]			3/2+	1.0000
^197mAu	409.15(8) keV			7.73(6) s	IT	¹⁹⁷Au	11/2−
¹⁹⁸Au	79	119	197.9682423(6)	2.69517(21) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁸Hg	2−
^198m1Au	312.2200(20) keV			124(4) ns			5+
^198m2Au	811.7(15) keV			2.27(2) d	IT	¹⁹⁸Au	(12−)
¹⁹⁹Au	79	120	198.9687652(6)	3.139(7) d	β⁻	¹⁹⁹Hg	3/2+
^199mAu	548.9368(21) keV			440(30) μs			(11/2)−
²⁰⁰Au	79	121	199.97073(5)	48.4(3) min	β⁻	²⁰⁰Hg	1(−)
^200mAu	970(70) keV			18.7(5) h	β⁻ (82%)	²⁰⁰Hg	12−
^200mAu	970(70) keV			18.7(5) h	IT (18%)	²⁰⁰Au	12−
²⁰¹Au	79	122	200.971657(3)	26(1) min	β⁻	²⁰¹Hg	3/2+
^201m1Au	594(5) keV			730(630) μs			(11/2-)
^201m2Au	1610(5) keV			5.6(2.4) μs			(11/2-)
²⁰²Au	79	123	201.97381(18)	28.8(19) s	β⁻	²⁰²Hg	(1−)
²⁰³Au	79	124	202.975155(3)	60(6) s	β⁻	²⁰³Hg	3/2+
^203mAu	641(3) keV			140(44) μs	IT	²⁰³Au	11/2−#
²⁰⁴Au	79	125	203.97772(22)#	38.3(1.3) s	β⁻	²⁰⁴Hg	(2−)
^204mAu	3816(1000)# keV			2.1(0.3) μs	IT	²⁰⁴Au	16+#
²⁰⁵Au	79	126	204.97985(21)#	32.5(1.4) s	β⁻	²⁰⁵Hg	3/2+#
^205m1Au	907(5) keV			6(2) s			11/2−#
^205m2Au	2850(5) keV			163(5) ns			19/2+#
²⁰⁶Au	79	127	205.98474(32)#	47(11) s	β⁻	²⁰⁶Hg	(5+, 6+)
This table header & footer:

^mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Potential material for salted bombs
Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

References

Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
"Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA" (PDF). University of Liverpool. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813.
Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.

"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[4] Au – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-7] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[8] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[9] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[10] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[11] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[16] Potential material for salted bombs

[17] Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to ¹⁹³Ir

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[12] Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA" (PDF). University of Liverpool. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

[13] Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813.

[14] Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

[15] Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Leppänen, A.-P.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Uusitalo, J. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176". Physical Review C. 69 (5). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. Retrieved 11 June 2023.