List of governors of Maryland

The governor of Maryland is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[1] The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.[2]

For a list of colonial governors, see List of colonial governors of Maryland.

The current governor is Democrat Wes Moore, who took office on January 18, 2023.[3]

Governors
For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of Maryland.

Maryland was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788.[4] Before it declared its independence, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms and could be reelected for two additional terms, though they must take four years off after leaving office. An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed for popular election of governors to three-year terms, though they could not succeed themselves. The 1851 constitution removed the term limit, and lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the second Wednesday of the January following the election. Governors were limited to two consecutive terms beginning in 1948.[5]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the office of governor should it become vacant. In the original constitution, the first named of the Governor's Council would act as governor if it were vacant, until a new governor were selected; this was changed to the secretary of state in 1837.[6] The 1867 constitution originally called for the General Assembly to immediately elect a new governor; if they were not in session, the president of the Senate would act as governor until one was elected.[7]

Governors of the State of Maryland
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
1   Thomas Johnson
(1732–1819)
[10][11]		 March 21, 1777[12]
–
November 12, 1779
(did not run)		 No party 1777 Office did not exist
1778
2 Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[13][14][15]		 November 12, 1779[16]
–
November 22, 1782
(term-limited)		 No party 1779
1780
1781
3 William Paca
(1740–1799)
[17][18]		 November 22, 1782[19]
–
November 26, 1785
(term-limited)		 No party 1782
1783
1784
4 William Smallwood
(1732–1792)
[20]		 November 26, 1785[21]
–
November 27, 1788
(term-limited)		 No party 1785
1786
1787
5 John Eager Howard
(1752–1827)
[22][23][24]		 November 27, 1788[25]
–
November 14, 1791
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1788
1789
1790
6 George Plater
(1735–1792)
[26][27][28]		 November 14, 1791[29]
–
February 10, 1792
(died in office)		 Federalist 1791
— James Brice
(1746–1801)
[30]		 February 10, 1792[31]
–
April 5, 1792
(did not run)		 Federalist Senior council
member acting
2 Thomas Sim Lee
(1745–1819)
[13][14][15]		 April 5, 1792[32]
–
November 17, 1794
(did not run)		 Federalist 1792
1793
7 John Hoskins Stone
(1749–1804)
[33][34][35]		 November 17, 1794[36]
–
November 28, 1797
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1794
1795
1796
8 John Henry
(1750–1798)
[37][38][39]		 November 28, 1797[40]
–
November 14, 1798
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1797
9 Benjamin Ogle
(1749–1809)
[41][42][43]		 November 14, 1798[44]
–
November 10, 1801
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1798
1799
1800
10 John Francis Mercer
(1759–1821)
[45][46][47]		 November 10, 1801[48]
–
November 13, 1803
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1801
1802
11 Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[49][50][51]		 November 15, 1803[52]
–
November 12, 1806
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1803
1804
1805
12 Robert Wright
(1752–1826)
[53][54][55]		 November 12, 1806[56]
–
May 6, 1809
(resigned)[lower-alpha 3]		 Democratic-
Republican		 1806
1807
1808
— James Butcher May 6, 1809[57]
–
June 9, 1809
(did not run)		 Democratic-
Republican		 Senior council
member acting[55]
13 Edward Lloyd
(1779–1834)
[58][59][60]		 June 9, 1809[61]
–
November 16, 1811
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 June 1809
(special)[lower-alpha 4]
Nov. 1809
1810
11 Robert Bowie
(1750–1818)
[49][50][51]		 November 16, 1811[62]
–
November 23, 1812
(lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1811
14 Levin Winder
(1757–1819)
[63][64][65]		 November 23, 1812[66]
–
January 2, 1816
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1812
1813
1814
15 Charles Carnan Ridgely
(1760–1829)
[67][68][69]		 January 2, 1816[70]
–
January 8, 1819
(term-limited)		 Federalist 1815
1816
1817
16 Charles Goldsborough
(1765–1834)
[71][72][73]		 January 8, 1819[74]
–
December 20, 1819
(lost election)		 Federalist 1818
17 Samuel Sprigg
(1783–1855)
[75][76][77]		 December 20, 1819[78]
–
December 16, 1822
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1819
1820
1821
18 Samuel Stevens Jr.
(1778–1860)
[79][80][81]		 December 16, 1822[82]
–
January 9, 1826
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1822
1823
1824
19 Joseph Kent
(1779–1837)
[83][84][85]		 January 9, 1826[86]
–
January 15, 1829
(term-limited)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1825
1826
1827
20 Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[87][88][89]		 January 15, 1829[90]
–
January 15, 1830
(lost election)		 Anti-Jacksonian 1828
21 Thomas King Carroll
(1793–1873)
[91][92][93]		 January 15, 1830[94]
–
January 13, 1831
(lost election)		 Jacksonian 1829
20 Daniel Martin
(1780–1831)
[87][88][89]		 January 13, 1831[95]
–
July 11, 1831
(died in office)		 Anti-Jacksonian 1830
22 George Howard
(1789–1846)
[96][97][98]		 July 11, 1831[99]
–
January 17, 1833
(did not run)		 Anti-Jacksonian Senior council
member acting
1832
23 James Thomas
(1785–1845)
[100][101][102]		 January 17, 1833[103]
–
January 14, 1836
(term-limited)		 Whig 1833
1834
1835
24 Thomas Veazey
(1774–1842)
[104][105][106]		 January 14, 1836[107]
–
January 7, 1839
(term-limited)		 Whig 1835
1836
1837
25 William Grason
(1788–1868)
[108][109][110]		 January 7, 1839[111]
–
January 3, 1842
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1838
26 Francis Thomas
(1799–1876)
[112][113][114]		 January 3, 1842[115]
–
January 6, 1845
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1841
27 Thomas Pratt
(1804–1869)
[116][117][118]		 January 6, 1845[119]
–
January 3, 1848
(term-limited)		 Whig 1844
28 Philip Francis Thomas
(1810–1890)
[120][121][122]		 January 3, 1848[123]
–
January 6, 1851
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1847
29 Enoch Louis Lowe
(1820–1892)
[124][125][126]		 January 6, 1851[127]
–
January 11, 1854
(did not run)		 Democratic 1850
30 Thomas Watkins Ligon
(1810–1881)
[128][129][130]		 January 11, 1854[131]
–
January 13, 1858
(did not run)		 Democratic 1853
31 Thomas Holliday Hicks
(1798–1865)
[132][133][134]		 January 13, 1858[135]
–
January 8, 1862
(did not run)		 American 1857
32 Augustus Bradford
(1806–1881)
[136][137][138]		 January 8, 1862[139]
–
January 10, 1866
(did not run)		 Union 1861
33 Thomas Swann
(1809–1883)
[140][141][142]		 January 10, 1866[143]
–
January 13, 1869
(did not run)		 Union 1864   Christopher Christian Cox
34 Oden Bowie
(1826–1894)
[144][145][146]		 January 13, 1869[147]
–
January 10, 1872
(did not run)		 Democratic 1867 Office did not exist
35 William Pinkney Whyte
(1824–1908)
[148][149][150]		 January 10, 1872[151]
–
March 4, 1874
(resigned)[lower-alpha 5]		 Democratic 1871
36 James Black Groome
(1838–1893)
[152][153][154]		 March 4, 1874[155]
–
January 12, 1876
(did not run)		 Democratic Elected
governor by
legislature
37 John Lee Carroll
(1830–1911)
[156][157][158]		 January 12, 1876[159]
–
January 14, 1880
(did not run)		 Democratic 1875
38 William Thomas Hamilton
(1820–1888)
[160][161][162]		 January 14, 1880[163]
–
January 9, 1884
(did not run)		 Democratic 1879
39 Robert Milligan McLane
(1815–1898)
[164][165][166]		 January 9, 1884[167]
–
March 27, 1885
(resigned)[lower-alpha 6]		 Democratic 1883
40 Henry Lloyd
(1852–1920)
[168][169][170]		 March 27, 1885[171]
–
January 11, 1888
(did not run)		 Democratic President of the
Senate acting
41 Elihu Emory Jackson
(1837–1907)
[172][173][174]		 January 11, 1888[175]
–
January 13, 1892
(did not run)		 Democratic 1887
42 Frank Brown
(1846–1920)
[176][177][178]		 January 13, 1892[179]
–
January 8, 1896
(did not run)		 Democratic 1891
43 Lloyd Lowndes Jr.
(1845–1905)
[180][181][182]		 January 8, 1896[183]
–
January 10, 1900
(lost election)		 Republican 1895
44 John Walter Smith
(1845–1925)
[184][185][186]		 January 10, 1900[187]
–
January 13, 1904
(did not run)		 Democratic 1899
45 Edwin Warfield
(1848–1920)
[188][189][190]		 January 13, 1904[191]
–
January 8, 1908
(did not run)		 Democratic 1903
46 Austin Lane Crothers
(1860–1912)
[192][193][194]		 January 8, 1908[195]
–
January 10, 1912
(did not run)		 Democratic 1907
47 Phillips Lee Goldsborough
(1865–1946)
[196][197][198]		 January 10, 1912[199]


–
January 12, 1916
(did not run)

 Republican 1911
48 Emerson Harrington
(1864–1945)
[200][201][202]		 January 12, 1916[203]
–
January 14, 1920
(did not run)		 Democratic 1915
49 Albert Ritchie
(1876–1936)
[204][205][206]		 January 14, 1920[207]
–
January 9, 1935
(lost election)		 Democratic 1919
1923
1926
1930
50 Harry Nice
(1877–1941)
[208][209][210]		 January 9, 1935[211]
–
January 11, 1939
(lost election)		 Republican 1934
51 Herbert O'Conor
(1896–1960)
[212][213][214]		 January 11, 1939[215]
–
January 3, 1947
(resigned)[lower-alpha 7]		 Democratic 1938
1942
52 William Preston Lane Jr.
(1892–1967)
[217][218][219]		 January 3, 1947[lower-alpha 7]
–
January 10, 1951
(lost election)		 Democratic Elected by
legislature[lower-alpha 7]
1946
53 Theodore McKeldin
(1900–1974)
[220][221][222]		 January 10, 1951[223]
–
January 14, 1959
(term-limited)		 Republican 1950
1954
54 J. Millard Tawes
(1894–1979)
[224][225][226]		 January 14, 1959[227]
–
January 25, 1967
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1958
1962
55 Spiro Agnew
(1918–1996)
[228][229][230]		 January 25, 1967[231]
–
January 7, 1969
(resigned)[lower-alpha 8]		 Republican 1966
56 Marvin Mandel
(1920–2015)
[232][233][234]		 January 7, 1969[235]
–
January 17, 1979
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1969
(special)[lower-alpha 9]		 Blair Lee III
1970
1974
— Blair Lee III
(1916–1985)
[236][237][238]		 June 4, 1977[lower-alpha 10]
–
January 15, 1979
(did not run)		 Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting[lower-alpha 10]		 Acting as governor
57 Harry Hughes
(1926–2019)
[240][241]		 January 17, 1979[242]
–
January 21, 1987
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1978 Samuel Bogley
1982 J. Joseph Curran Jr.
58 William Donald Schaefer
(1921–2011)
[243][244]		 January 21, 1987[245]
–
January 18, 1995
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1986 Melvin Steinberg
1990
59 Parris Glendening
(b. 1942)
[246][247]		 January 18, 1995[248]
–
January 15, 2003
(term-limited)		 Democratic 1994 Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
1998
60 Bob Ehrlich
(b. 1957)
[249][250]		 January 15, 2003[251]
–
January 17, 2007
(lost election)		 Republican 2002 Michael Steele
61 Martin O'Malley
(b. 1963)
[252][253]		 January 17, 2007[254]
–
January 21, 2015
(term-limited)		 Democratic 2006 Anthony Brown
2010
62 Larry Hogan
(b. 1956)
[255][256]		 January 21, 2015[257]
–
January 18, 2023
(term-limited)		 Republican 2014 Boyd Rutherford
2018
63 Wes Moore
(b. 1978)
[258][259]		 January 18, 2023[260]
–
Incumbent[lower-alpha 11]		 Democratic 2022 Aruna Miller

Notes
  1. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970.[8][9]
  2. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. Wright resigned due to a loss of popularity,[53] and to secure a seat on the Maryland Court of Appeals, though he was not appointed to it.[54]
  4. Special election to fill the remainder of Robert Wright's term.
  5. Whyte resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[148]
  6. McLane resigned, having been appointed United States Minister to France.[164]
  7. O'Conor resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate. Lane, who won the election, was elected by the legislature to succeed O'Conor immediately, five days before he would have taken office.[216]
  8. Agnew resigned, having been elected Vice President of the United States.[228]
  9. Mandel was elected by the Maryland General Assembly to fill the vacancy left by Agnew's resignation.
  10. Mandel named Lieutenant Governor Lee acting governor on June 4, 1977, as he was dealing with charges of mail fraud and racketeering, and citing health reasons;[239] he would be found guilty in August, and sentenced to four years in prison in October. He rescinded the designation on January 15, 1979, two days before the end of the term; he then made Lee acting governor again for a time on January 16 so he could preside at the installation of a judge on the Court of Appeals.[238][232]
  11. Moore's first term will expire January 20, 2027.

See also

References
General
  • "Former Maryland Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  • "Governors of Maryland". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Maryland - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. "Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions". Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  2. Prah, Pamela (March 9, 2007). "Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived)". Stateline.Org. Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  3. Cox, Erin; Wiggins, Ovetta (January 18, 2023). "Wes Moore to be sworn in, making history as Md.'s first Black governor". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
  4. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  5. "Governor". Guide to Government Records. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  6. "Maryland Lieutenant Governor". Maryland Manual On-Line. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  7. 1867 Const, original, art. II, § 2, accessed March 4, 2023
  8. Dayhoff, Kevin (December 7, 2005). "Why We Have a Lieutenant Governor". The Tentacle. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  9. Papenfouse, Edward. The Archives of Maryland, new series, An Historical List of Public Officials of Maryland. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Maryland State Archives: 1990.
  10. "Thomas Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  11. "Thomas Johnson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  12. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Feb. 1777 sess., 44, accessed September 18, 2023
  13. Sobel 1978, pp. 646–647.
  14. "Thomas Sim Lee". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  15. "Thomas Sim Lee". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  16. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1779 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
  17. "William Paca". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  18. "William Paca". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  19. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1782 sess., 6, accessed September 18, 2023
  20. "William Smallwood". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  21. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1785 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
  22. Sobel 1978, p. 645.
  23. "John Eager Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  24. "John Eager Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  25. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1788 sess., 7, accessed September 18, 2023
  26. Sobel 1978, p. 646.
  27. "George Plater". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  28. "George Plater". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  29. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1791 sess., 5, accessed September 18, 2023
  30. "James Brice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  31. "A Proclamation". Maryland Gazette. February 16, 1792. p. 2. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  32. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Apr. 1792 sess., 63, accessed September 18, 2023
  33. Sobel 1978, pp. 647–648.
  34. "John Hoskins Stone". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  35. "John Hoskins Stone". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  36. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1794 sess., 3, accessed September 18, 2023
  37. Sobel 1978, pp. 648–649.
  38. "John Henry". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  39. "John Henry". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  40. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1797 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
  41. Sobel 1978, p. 649.
  42. "Benjamin Ogle". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  43. "Benjamin Ogle". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  44. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1798 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
  45. Sobel 1978, p. 650.
  46. "John Francis Mercer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  47. "John Francis Mercer". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  48. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1801 sess., 8, accessed September 18, 2023
  49. Sobel 1978, pp. 650–651.
  50. "Robert Bowie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  51. "Robert Bowie". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  52. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1803 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
  53. Sobel 1978, pp. 651–652.
  54. "Robert Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  55. "Robert Wright". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  56. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1806 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
  57. "A Proclamation". Maryland Gazette. May 24, 1809. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  58. Sobel 1978, pp. 652–653.
  59. "Edward Lloyd". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  60. "Edward Lloyd". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  61. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. June 1809 sess., 10, accessed September 19, 2023
  62. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1811 sess., 295, accessed September 19, 2023
  63. Sobel 1978, pp. 653–654.
  64. "Levin Winder". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  65. "Levin Winder". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  66. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1812 sess., 136, accessed September 19, 2023
  67. Sobel 1978, p. 654.
  68. "Charles Carnan Ridgely". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  69. "Charles Ridgely of Hampton". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  70. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1815 sess., 123, accessed September 19, 2023
  71. Sobel 1978, p. 655.
  72. "Charles Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  73. "Charles Goldborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  74. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1818 sess., 14, accessed September 19, 2023
  75. Sobel 1978, pp. 655–656.
  76. "Samuel Sprigg". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  77. "Samuel Sprigg". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  78. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1819 sess., 11, accessed September 19, 2023
  79. Sobel 1978, pp. 656–657.
  80. "Samuel Stevens". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  81. "Samuel Stevens, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  82. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1822 sess., 30, accessed September 19, 2023
  83. Sobel 1978, pp. 657–658.
  84. "Joseph Kent". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  85. "Joseph Kent". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  86. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1826 sess., 25, accessed September 19, 2023
  87. Sobel 1978, pp. 658–659.
  88. "Daniel Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  89. "Daniel Martin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  90. "Legislature of Maryland". Maryland Gazette. January 22, 1829. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  91. Sobel 1978, p. 659.
  92. "Thomas King Carroll". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  93. "Thomas King Carroll". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  94. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1830 sess., 147, accessed September 19, 2023
  95. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1830 sess., 43, accessed September 19, 2023
  96. Sobel 1978, p. 660.
  97. "George Howard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  98. "George Howard". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  99. "The New Governor". The Torch Light And Public Advertiser. July 21, 1831. p. 4. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  100. Sobel 1978, pp. 660–661.
  101. "James Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  102. "James Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  103. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1833 sess., 48, accessed September 19, 2023
  104. Sobel 1978, pp. 661–662.
  105. "Thomas Ward Veazey". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  106. "Thomas W. Veazey". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  107. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1835 sess., 38, accessed September 19, 2023
  108. Sobel 1978, pp. 662–663.
  109. "William Grason". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  110. "William Grason". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  111. "Inauguration of Governor Grason". The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1839. p. 2. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  112. Sobel 1978, p. 663.
  113. "Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  114. "Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  115. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1841 sess., 51, accessed September 19, 2023
  116. Sobel 1978, p. 664.
  117. "Thomas George Pratt". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  118. "Thomas G. Pratt". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  119. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1844 sess., 34, accessed September 19, 2023
  120. Sobel 1978, pp. 664–665.
  121. "Phillip Francis Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  122. "Philip Francis Thomas". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  123. "Inaugural Message of Governor Thomas". The Baltimore Sun. January 4, 1848. p. 2. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  124. Sobel 1978, pp. 665–666.
  125. "Enoch Louis Lowe". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  126. "Enoch Louis Lowe". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  127. "Proceedings of the Maryland Constitutional Reform Convention". The Baltimore Sun. January 7, 1851. p. 1. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  128. Sobel 1978, pp. 666–667.
  129. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  130. "Thomas Watkins Ligon". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  131. "Inauguration of Gov. Ligon". The Baltimore Sun. January 12, 1854. p. 2. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  132. Sobel 1978, p. 667.
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  181. "Lloyd Lowndes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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  185. "John Walter Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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  195. "New Governor Plights Faith to the People". The Baltimore Sun. January 9, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
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  197. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  198. "Phillips Lee Goldsborough". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  199. "Gov. Goldsborough Welcomed by Throng in Cold White Capital". The Evening Sun. January 10, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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  201. "Emerson Columbus Harrington". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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  205. "Albert Cabell Ritchie". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
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  209. "Harry Whinna Nice". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  210. "Harry W. Nice". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  211. "Nice Calls for Speedy Aid to Needy". The Evening Sun. January 9, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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  213. "Herbert Romulus O'Conor". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  214. "Herbert R. O'Conor". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  215. O'Donnell, Louis J. (January 12, 1939). "State Faces New Taxes, O'Conor Declares After Taking Oath As Governor". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  216. O'Neill, Thomas (January 3, 1947). "Lane Elected Governor by Legislature". The Baltimore Sun. p. 26. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  217. Sobel 1978, p. 682.
  218. "William Preston Lane". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  219. "William Preston Lane, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  220. Sobel 1978, pp. 682–683.
  221. "Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  222. "Theodore R. McKeldin". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  223. Jacobs, Bradford (January 10, 1951). "New Governor Takes Office; Lays Stress on Civil Defense". The Evening Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  224. Sobel 1978, pp. 683–684.
  225. "J. Millard Tawes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  226. "J. Millard Tawes". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  227. "Tawes Sworn In As 59th Governor of Maryland". The Cumberland News. Associated Press. January 15, 1959. p. 2. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  228. Sobel 1978, p. 684.
  229. "Spiro Theodore Agnew". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  230. "Spiro T. Agnew". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  231. Levine, Richard H. (January 26, 1967). "Agnew Takes Oath As 5th GOP Governor". The Baltimore Sun. p. C20. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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  233. "Marvin Mandel". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  234. "Marvin Mandel". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  235. Whiteford, Charles (January 8, 1969). "Mandel Wins Race for Governor With Large Margin in Assembly; Vows Vigorous Administration". The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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  237. "Blair Lee". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  238. "Blair Lee III". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  239. Luxenberg, Steven M. (June 5, 1977). "Mandel Yields Power of Office to Lee". The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  240. "Harry Roe Hughes". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  241. "Harry R. Hughes". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  242. Phelps, Timothy M.; Kimelman, Donald (January 18, 1979). "Hughes Pledges Break With Past in His Inaugural". The Baltimore Sun. p. A1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  243. "William Donald Schaefer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  244. "William Donald Schaefer". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  245. Frece, John W.; Sia, Richard H. P. (January 22, 1987). "Gov. Schaefer Takes Office". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  246. "Parris N. Glendening". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  247. "Parris N. Glendening". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  248. Jensen, Peter (January 19, 1995). "It's Governor Glendening at Last". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  249. "Robert L. Ehrlich". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  250. "Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  251. Nitkin, David (January 16, 2003). "Ehrlich Pledges 'Better Ideas'". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  252. "Martin O'Malley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  253. "Martin J. O'Malley". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  254. Skalka, Jennifer; Green, Andrew A. (January 18, 2007). "'New Day' for Md". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1A. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  255. "Larry Hogan". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  256. "Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  257. Dresser, Michael; Cox, Erin (January 22, 2015). "A Call to the 'Middle Ground'". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  258. "Wes Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  259. "Westley Watende Omari (Wes) Moore". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  260. Janesch, Sam; Gaskill, Hannah (January 19, 2023). "A Historic 'Opportunity'". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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