Great Synagogue (Warsaw)
The Great Synagogue of Warsaw (Polish: Wielka Synagoga w Warszawie) was one of the grandest synagogues constructed in Poland in the 19th century. At the time of its opening, it was the largest Jewish house of worship in the world. It was located on Tłomackie street in Warsaw.
| Great Synagogue of Warsaw | |
|---|---|
Wielka Synagoga w Warszawie | |
 Great Synagogue in the 1910s | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Judaism |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Destroyed May 16, 1943 |
| Location | |
| Location | Warsaw, Poland |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Leandro Marconi |
| Style | Neoclassical |
| Completed | 1878 |
The synagogue served the acculturated members of Warsaw's Jewish population. Like other such prayer houses in Central and Eastern Europe, its worship was conducted in a relatively modernized fashion, although it did not approach ideological religious reform. Sermons were delivered in Polish rather than Yiddish, an all-male choir accompanied the service, and an organ had been installed, which played only at weddings. Liturgy and other principled issues remained wholly untouched.[1]
It was opened on 26 September 1878 in celebration of Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year).
It was blown up personally by SS-Gruppenführer Jürgen Stroop on 16 May 1943.[2] This was the last act of destruction by the Germans in suppressing the Revolt of the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw.
History
The Great Synagogue was built by the Warsaw's Jewish community between 1875 and 1878 at Tłomackie street, in the south-eastern tip of the district in which the Jews were allowed to settle by the Russian Imperial authorities of Congress Poland. The main architect was Leandro Marconi.
After the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, on May 16, 1943, the SS blew up the building. It was not rebuilt after the war, when few Jews remained or returned to Warsaw after the Holocaust by the Nazis.
SS-Gruppenführer Jürgen Stroop later recalled:
What a marvelous sight it was. A fantastic piece of theater. My staff and I stood at a distance. I held the electrical device which would detonate all the charges simultaneously. Jesuiter called for silence. I glanced over at my brave officers and men, tired and dirty, silhouetted against the glow of the burning buildings. After prolonging the suspense for a moment, I shouted: 'Heil Hitler' and pressed the button. With a thunderous, deafening bang and a rainbow burst of colors, the fiery explosion soared toward the clouds, an unforgettable tribute to our triumph over the Jews. The Warsaw Ghetto was no more. The will of Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler had been done.[3]
Since the 1980s, the site was redeveloped for construction of a large skyscraper, devoted mostly to office space. It was once known as the Golden Skyscraper and is currently commonly referred to as the Blue Skyscraper (Polish: Błękitny Wieżowiec).
Gallery
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Synagogue just after it was built in 1878
Photograph of the Great Synagogue, c. 1915
Plan of the structure.jpg.webp)
Interior
View from Tłomackie street
Rabbi Baruch Steinberg speaking before Great Synagogue (1933), reading roll call of the fallen, organized by Union of Jewish Fighters for Polish Independence
Replica of the synagogue built in Warsaw to mark 70th anniversary of its destruction (2013)
Model of synagogue in Beit Hatfusot, the Museum of the Jewish People, Tel-Aviv[4]
Former site of the synagogue, the Blue Skyscraper
See also
References
- Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, Vol. 21, p. 427. "Services in the synagogue were slightly Reform-oriented, to the extent that the Orthodox tradition allowed."
- Kavon, Eli (2022-08-07). "The Warsaw Ghetto's last synagogue". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Archived from the original on 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- Kazimierz Moczarski (1981), Conversations with an Executioner, page 164.
- "Hallelujah! Assemble, Pray, Study – Synagogues Past and Present". Beit Hatfutsot.
External links
- Great Synagogue in Warsaw at Museum of the History of Polish Jews, Virtual Shtetl.
- Pictures of the synagogue