Greek inscriptions

The Greek-language inscriptions and epigraphy are a major source for understanding of the society, language and history of ancient Greece and other Greek-speaking or Greek-controlled areas.[1][2] Greek inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts.[3][4]

IG Dedication of Ion of Chios to Athena

Inscriptiones Graecae

The Inscriptiones Graecae (IG), Latin for Greek inscriptions, project is an academic project originally begun by the Prussian Academy of Science, and today continued by its successor organisation, the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Its aim is to collect and publish all known ancient inscriptions from the ancient world. As such it will eventually make all other previous collections redundant.

It is divided by regions.

I/II/III - Attica

IV - Aegina, Pityonesus, Cecryphalia, the Argolid

V - Laconia, Messenia and Arcadia

VII - Megarid, Oropus, and Boeotia

IX - Aetolia, Acarnania, West Locris and Thessaly

X - Epirus, Macedonia, Thrace, Scythia, Thessalonica, Lyncestis, Heraclea, Pelagonia, Derriopus and Lychnidus

XIV - Sicily-Italy

Other printed collections

Numerous other printed collections of Greek inscriptions exist.[5] The following abbreviations are as listed in the preface Epigraphical Publications to the Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon:

CGIH = Corpus der griechisch-christlichen Inschriften von Hellas: I. Die griechisch-christlichen Inschriften des Peloponnes, Nikos Athanasiou Bees, vol. i, Athens 1941.
CID = Corpus des inscriptions de Delphes. I: Lois sacrées et règlements religieux, Georges Rougemont, Paris 1977; II: Les comptes du quatrième et du troisième siècle, J. Bousquet, D. Mulliez, Paris 1989.
CIJud. = Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaicarum, ed. Jean-Baptiste Frey: vol. i (Europe), Rome 1936 repr. [New York 1975]; vol. ii: Asie-Afrique, Rome 1952.
CISem. = Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, E Renan et al., Paris 1881–1951.
Inscr.Perg. = Die Inschriften von Pergamon (in Altertümer von Pergamon viii), ed. Max Fränkel, Berlin 1890–1895; 8(3) = Altertümer von Pergamon viii (3). Die Inschriften des Asklepieions, Christian Habicht (historian), Berlin 1969.
Supp.Epigr. = SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Hondius, Netherlands

Online collections

Over the last 20 years, a growing number of online databases, catalogues and corpora of Greek inscriptions have been created. A selection is offered below:

Searchable Greek Inscriptions of the Packard Humanities Institute, including the complete Inscriptiones Graecae corpora
Inscriptiones Graecae homepage, in German
Attic Inscriptions Online, including English translations
Inscriptions of Aphrodisias, including English translations
Hellenistic Greek Inscriptions, in English translation
I.Sicily, inscriptions of Sicily
Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua (MAMA) XI, monuments from Phrygia and Lykaonia
IGCyr, Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica
EAGLE, a portal to the inscriptions of the Ancient World, part of IDEA

Some other inscriptions are found incidentally in

TLG text materials are available online and in CD ROM format
Perseus project
Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri

Digital resources

Alongside the development of online collections of Greek inscriptions, several projects have created online epigraphic tools for the study of inscriptions.

Epigraphy.info, collaborative environment for digital epigraphy
Trismegistos, portal of papyrological and epigraphical resources
LGPN, the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names
EpiDoc, XML text markup for ancient documents
Ubi Erat Lupa, image database on ancient stone monuments
Europeana EAGLE, Europeana network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy
Digital Epigraphy Toolbox, 3D digitization of inscriptions
Krateros, digital repository for the collections of epigraphic squeezes
GIO, translations of Ancient Greek inscriptions into Modern Greek
Pythia (machine learning), a deep learning model for the automatic restoration of Greek inscriptions

References

Bodel, John, ed. 2001 Epigraphic evidence: Ancient history from inscriptions. London: Routledge.
Guarducci, Margherita. 1967–1978. Epigrafia greca. 4 vols. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato.
Robert, Louis. 1970. Die Epigraphik der klassischen Welt. Bonn, Germany: Habelt.
Woodhead, Arthur G. 1981. The study of Greek inscriptions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Bérard, F., D. Feissel, N. Laubry, P. Petitmengin, D. Rousset, and M. Sève. 2010. Guide de l’épigraphiste: Bibliographie choisie des épigraphies antiques et médiévales. 4th ed. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm.

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[1] Bodel, John, ed. 2001 Epigraphic evidence: Ancient history from inscriptions. London: Routledge.

[2] Guarducci, Margherita. 1967–1978. Epigrafia greca. 4 vols. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato.

[3] Robert, Louis. 1970. Die Epigraphik der klassischen Welt. Bonn, Germany: Habelt.

[4] Woodhead, Arthur G. 1981. The study of Greek inscriptions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

[5] Bérard, F., D. Feissel, N. Laubry, P. Petitmengin, D. Rousset, and M. Sève. 2010. Guide de l’épigraphiste: Bibliographie choisie des épigraphies antiques et médiévales. 4th ed. Paris: Éditions Rue d’Ulm.