Green shield bug

The green shield bug (Palomena prasina) is a European shield bug species in the family Pentatomidae. The name might equally apply to several other species in the tribe Nezarini, or if referred-to as a "green stink bug", it might more appropriately belong to the larger North American bug, Chinavia hilaris. The adult green shield bug ranges in the colour of their backs from bright green to bronze, without any substantial markings. Green shield bugs are a very common shield bug throughout Europe, including Great Britain & Ireland, and are found in a large variety of habitats, including gardens. They have been found as far north as 63° N latitude.

Green shield bug
Spring adult in Oxfordshire
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Family: Pentatomidae
Genus: Palomena
Species:
P. prasina
Binomial name
Palomena prasina
(Linnaeus, 1761)
Synonyms[1]
  • Cimex prasinus Linnaeus, 1760
  • Palomena dissimile (Fabricius)

Life cycle

In Europe, the bright green shield bugs appear in April or May, having hibernated as imagoes in humus during the winter. They live by eating the sap from within plants in apples, pears and hazelnuts.[2] They fatten for a month and then mate in June.

The imago's coloration changes over the summer months from green to greenish browns even bronze to ready for the autumn, after which the life cycle will end.

Mating is back-to-back. The female lays her eggs in hexagonal batches of 25 to 30, and a single female will lay three to four batches. After the eggs hatch, the green shield bug enter a larval stage (which is really their first nymphal stage) where, in general, they remain together in sibling communities. This is made possible by the excretion of an aggregation pheromone. In case of danger, another pheromone is released which causes dispersal. The larval stage is followed by four more nymphal stages as well as moulting between each one.

The green shield bug displays different colouration during each nymphal stage, light brown, black or green-black, and in the final stage, the imago, is bright green with short wings. Usually the imago stage is reached in September, with hibernation occurring in November.[3]

  • Egg mass
    Egg mass
  • 4th instar nymph
    4th instar nymph
  • 5th instar nymph
    5th instar nymph
  • Final-stage nymph
    Final-stage nymph
  • Green shield bug. Microscope Lumam P-8
    Green shield bug. Microscope Lumam P-8

References
  1. "Palomena prasina". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  2. Hamidi, Rachid; Calvy, Mélina; Valentie, Emma; Driss, Laetitia; Guignet, Jonas; Thomas, Maud; Tavella, Luciana (2022-03-23). "Symptoms resulting from the feeding of true bugs on growing hazelnuts". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 170 (6): 477–487. doi:10.1111/eea.13165. ISSN 0013-8703. S2CID 247567135.
  3. "Green Shield Bug | Also Known As Green Stink Bug". The RSPB. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
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