Kuṇḍali

Kundali (Sanskrit: कुण्डलि; IAST: Kuṇḍali) or Amritakundalin (अमृतकुण्डलिन्, Amṛtakuṇḍalin), also known in Chinese as Juntuli Mingwang (simplified Chinese: 军荼利明王; traditional Chinese: 軍荼利明王; pinyin: Jūntúlì Míngwáng) and in Japanese as Gundari Myōō (軍荼利明王), is a wrathful deity and dharmapala (protector of the Dharma) in East Asian Esoteric Buddhism.

Amṛtakuṇḍalin
Yuan Dynasty statue of Kundali (Jūntúlì Míngwáng) at Fusheng Temple in Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
Sanskrit
  • अमृतकुण्डलिन् (Amṛtakuṇḍalin)
  • अमृतकुण्डलि (Amṛtakuṇḍali)
  • कुण्डलि (Kuṇḍali)
Chinese
Japanese
  • 軍荼利明王 (Gundari Myōō)
  • 甘露軍荼利明王 (Kanro Gundari Myōō)
  • 軍荼利夜叉明王 (Gundari Yasha Myōō)
  • 大咲明王 (Taishō Myōō)
  • 吉利吉利明王 (Kirikiri Myōō)
Korean군다리명왕 (Gundali Myeongwang)
Information
Venerated byVajrayana Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Shugendō
Attributesvajra, axe, wheel, trident, snake
icon Religion portal

In Buddhist thought, Amritakundalin is seen as the dispenser of Amrita, the celestial nectar of immortality.[1][2][3] When classified among the Five Wisdom Kings (vidyārāja), fierce incarnations or emissaries of the Five Wisdom Buddhas, he is considered to be the manifestation of Ratnasambhava, one of the five buddhas who is associated with the southern direction.[1][4] When classified among the Eight Wisdom Kings, he is considered to be the manifestation of the bodhisattva Akashagarbha and is associated with the north-west direction.[5] When classified among the Ten Wisdom Kings, he is considered to be the manifestation of Amitabha, another of the Five Wisdom Buddhas.[6][7]

Worship

Bīja and mantra
huṃ (हुं), Kundali's seed syllable in Siddham script

The bīja or seed syllable used to represent Kundali is huṃ (Devanagari: हुं; Chinese: 吽, pinyin: hōng; rōmaji: un), written in Siddham script.

Kundali's mantra is as follows:

Sanskrit (romanized) Traditional Chinese Pinyin Hiragana Japanese (romanized)
Oṃ amṛte hūṃ phaṭ 唵 婀密哩帝 吽 頗吒 Ǎn ēmìlīdì hōng pōzhā おん あみりてい うん はった[8] On amiritei un hatta[8]

See also

References

Citations
  1. Hackin (1932), pp. 428.
  2. Frédéric (2002), pp. 268.
  3. Van Hartingsveldt, Michael (2018-09-21). "With the Wrath of a Serpent: The Propagation of Gundari Myо̄о̄ Iconography". Buddhistdoor Global. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  4. "Myō-ō". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  5. Howard, Angela F. (March 1999). "The Eight Brilliant Kings of Wisdom of Southwest China". Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics. 35: 92–107. doi:10.1086/RESv35n1ms20167019. S2CID 164236937.
  6. Bloom, Phillip Emmanual (2013). Descent of the Deities: The Water-Land Retreat and the Transformation of the Visual Culture of Song-Dynasty (960-1279) Buddhism (Thesis). OCLC 864907811. ProQuest 1422026705.
  7. Hong, Tsai-Hsia (2007). The Water-Land Dharma Function Platform ritual and the Great Compassion Repentance ritual (Thesis). OCLC 64281400.
  8. Kodama (2009), pp. 115.

Works cited
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