Mount Awu

Mount Awu (Indonesian: Gunung Awu) is the largest volcano in the Sangihe chain, located on Sangir Island in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Powerful eruptions occurred in 1711, 1812, 1856, 1822, 1892, and 1966 with devastating pyroclastic flows and lahars that have resulted in 11,048 fatalities.[2] A total of 18 eruptions are recorded from 1640, with two of VEI 4 (1814 and 1966) and 3 with VEI 3 (1711, 1856 and 1892), one eruption every ~ 20 years.[2] The hazardous nature of the volcano is determined from the continuous lava source driven by the geodynamic setting (a double subduction line that creates an arc–arc collision) and the presence of a crater lake, sustained by the consistent rainfall on the island, on top of a lava dome.[2] This setting creates the conditions for water injection in the lava dome, which can cause a water-magma explosion.[2]

Mount Awu
A shallow lake partially fills the summit crater in 1995
Highest point
Elevation	1,320 m (4,330 ft)[1]
Prominence	1,320 m (4,330 ft)
Listing	Ribu
Coordinates	3°40′N 125°30′E[1]
Geography
Mount Awu Sangir Island, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia
Geology
Age of rock	100,000
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	June to August 2004[1]

A 4.5 km wide crater is found at the summit and a deep valley forms a passageway for lahars, splitting the flanks from the crater. This is a volcano in the Ring of Fire.[1]