Pakistan Super League

The Pakistan Super League (PSL) (also known as the HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 cricket league contested by six city-based franchise teams. The league was founded in 2015 by the Pakistan Cricket Board. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by investors.[1]

Pakistan Super League
Official logo
CountriesPakistan
AdministratorPakistan Cricket Board
HeadquartersPakistan Super League, sectretariat, Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore
FormatTwenty20
First edition2016
Latest edition2023
Next edition2024
Tournament formatDouble round-robin and Playoffs
Number of teams6
Current championLahore Qalandars
(2nd title)
Most successful
Most runsBabar Azam (2,935)
Most wicketsWahab Riaz (113)
TVList of broadcasters
Websitepsl-t20.com
Seasons

Each team plays the group stage matches in a double round robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

There have been eight seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars being the only teams to have won the title twice, are the most successful teams. The current champions Lahore Qalandars are the only team to successfully defend its title, after winning in the 2023 season.

History
Main article: History of the Pakistan Super League

Establishment

In September 2015, the Pakistan Cricket Board officially announced the launch of the PSL. Former Pakistani national team captains Wasim Akram and Rameez Raja signed up to promote the PSL and become brand ambassadors of the league for three years.[2] After several years of planning and two previous failed attempts,[3][4] the league officially began on 4 February 2016 in the United Arab Emirates Sports minister Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, inaugurated the opening ceremony.[5] The first two seasons included five teams based on the capital cities of Pakistan's provinces and the Federal capital.[6][7] In its first season the PSL had a higher percentage of international players. The league uses a draft system for player recruitment similar to that used in many North American professional sports leagues and as opposed to the auction system used in some other T20 leagues.[8]

The PSL's official logo was launched on 20 September 2015 in a ceremony in Lahore, and was revealed by 3Di.The ceremony was attended by current and retired cricketers, as well as Pakistani celebrities.

The commercial rights to the initial franchises were sold for US$93 million for a span of 10 years in December 2015. The market value of PSL in 2017 was up to US$300 million according to Arif Habib,[9] and has grown significantly in the years since.[10]

Expansion

The possibility of adding a sixth team to the league in 2017,[11] possibly in Azad Kashmir, was discussed, but rejected in May 2016.[12][13] Sethi announced that there would be the sixth team in next season of PSL, a few days after the end of the 2017 PSL. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Governor Iqbal Zafar Jhagra also announced that the PSL administration would be approached for the participation of a sixth team in the 2018 PSL.[14][15] Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman, chief minister of Gilgit-Baltistan, also said to have the sixth team from Gilgit-Baltistan. The PCB short-listed five names for sixth team: Faisalabad, FATA, Hyderabad, Dera Murad Jamali and Multan.[16]

The final name of the sixth team for PSL 2018 season was announced on 1 June 2017; Multan Sultans; owned by Schön Properties at $5.2 million annually.[17][18] On 10 November 2018, PCB terminated franchise agreements with Schön Properties, resulting in a new owner being introduced.[19] New owners decided to continue with the same name (Multan Sultans) for the franchise.

Profits

In May 2016, the PCB announced that the inaugural season of the PSL had yielded profits of US$2.6 million.[20] In the 2022 edition, which was held entirely in Pakistan, PCB chairman Ramiz Raja reported a 71 percent increase in the PSL's profit; each franchise received Rs. 900 million (US$3.1 million) in revenue before the season had started.[21]

Format
PSL playoffs system

The PSL is played in a double round-robin format. Every team plays each other twice and the top four advance to the Playoffs. The playoffs use the Page playoff system, like the Indian Premier League.

The league follows the rules and regulations dictated by the International Cricket Council, although it introduced DRS system in T20s which was later emulated by International Cricket Council as well. In the group stage, two points are awarded for a win, one for a no-result and none for a loss. In the event of tied scores after both teams have faced their quota of overs, a super over is used to determine the match winner. In the group stage teams are ranked on the following criteria:

  1. Higher number of points
  2. If equal, better run rate
  3. If equal, highest number of wins
  4. If equal, fewest losses
  5. If still equal, the results of head-to-head meeting

In any play-off match in which there is no result, a super over is used to determine the winner. If the super over is not possible or the result of the over is a tie, the team which finished in the highest league position at the end of the regular season is deemed the winner of the match.

Schedule

PSL has taken place in February and March of each year. The only exception was the interruption due to COVID-19. The PSL has taken place prior to Indian Premier League. In 2025, PSL and IPL will overlap in timing.[22]

Teams
See also: List of Pakistan Super League team records and List of Pakistan Super League venues

According to a PCB press release, around 20 parties showed an interest in buying franchises for the league before the first season.[23] On 18 October 2015 the Pakistan Cricket Board began accepting tenders for franchises with a deadline for bids of 15 November.[24]

According to a statement by the PCB, bid winners would be granted the rights to a franchise for a term of ten years.[25] Interested parties included the ARY Group, Omar Associates, Arif Habib Group, Haier, Mobilink as well as international groups including Leonine Global Sports and the Qatar Lubricants Company (QALCO).[26]

All five franchises for the first season of the league were sold on 3 December 2015, for a total price of US$93 million, after seven bidders presented formal proposals.[27][28]

In April 2017, PCB invited bids for the sixth team and the deadline set for the submission of both the financial and technical proposals was 30 May and as many as 40 national and international parties expressed an interest in buying the sixth franchise.[29]

On 1 June 2017, from five regions short-listed by PCB Multan was bought by Schön Properties for a price of US$5.2 million per year becoming the most expensive team of the PSL.[30] However, on 12 November 2018, its rights were terminated by PCB due to payment issues. PCB invited bids and resold the "6th team" to Ali Tareen consortium after successful bid with US$6.35 million for 7 years on 20 December 2018.

Cities represented by PSL teams
Team City Owner Home ground Founded Captain Coach
Islamabad United Islamabad Leonine Global Sports Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi 2015[lower-alpha 1] Shadab Khan Azhar Mahmood
Karachi Kings Karachi Salman Iqbal National Stadium, Karachi 2015[lower-alpha 1] Imad Wasim Johan Botha
Lahore Qalandars Lahore Fawad Rana Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore 2015[lower-alpha 1] Shaheen Afridi Aaqib Javed
Multan Sultans Multan Ali Tareen Multan Cricket Stadium, Multan 2017[lower-alpha 2] Mohammad Rizwan Andy Flower
Peshawar Zalmi Peshawar Javed Afridi Arbab Niaz Stadium, Peshawar 2015[lower-alpha 1] Babar Azam Daren Sammy
Quetta Gladiators Quetta Nadeem Omar Bugti Stadium, Quetta 2015[lower-alpha 1] Sarfaraz Ahmed Moin Khan
Notes
  1. The team was founded in 2015 and made its PSL debut in the 2016 season.
  2. The team was founded in 2017 and made its PSL debut in the 2018 season. The franchise agreement was terminated in 2018, after they failed to pay their annual fee of US$5.2 million. It was later bought by new owners and refounded under the same name.

Results
Main article: List of Pakistan Super League records and statistics

The first season of the PSL was played entirely in the United Arab Emirates due to security reasons.[31][32] The inaugural champions were Islamabad United, who defeated Quetta Gladiators in the final. Peshawar Zalmi were the 2017 PSL champions, beating Quetta Gladiators in Lahore on 5 March 2017. Islamabad United were the 2018 PSL champions, beating defending champions Peshawar Zalmi on 25 March 2018. Quetta Gladiators defeated Peshawar Zalmi to win their first title on 17 March 2019 in Karachi, in 2020 Karachi Kings took the trophy home.[33] Multan Sultans, who won their first title defeating Peshawar Zalmi on 24 June 2021 in Abu Dhabi. Lahore Qalandars won their first title on 27 February 2022, against reigning champions Multan Sultan. Lahore Qalandars again defeated Multan Sultans with a minor margin of 1 run to win their consecutive 2nd title of the tournament in its 8th edition on 18 March 2023.

Final results
Season No. of teams Final Venue Player of the Tournament
Winner Winning margin Runner-up
2016
Details		 5 Islamabad United
175/4 (18.4 overs)		 6 wickets
Scorecard		 Quetta Gladiators
174/7 (20 overs)		 Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai Ravi Bopara (Karachi Kings)
2017
Details		 Peshawar Zalmi
148/6 (20 overs)		 58 runs
Scorecard		 Quetta Gladiators
90 (16.3 overs)		 Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Kamran Akmal (Peshawar Zalmi)
2018
Details		 6 Islamabad United
154/7 (16.5 overs)		 3 wickets
Scorecard		 Peshawar Zalmi
148/9 (20 overs)		 National Stadium, Karachi Luke Ronchi (Islamabad United)
2019
Details		 Quetta Gladiators
139/2 (17.5 overs)		 8 wickets
Scorecard		 Peshawar Zalmi
138/8 (20 overs)		 Shane Watson (Quetta Gladiators)
2020
Details		 Karachi Kings
135/5 (18.4 overs)		 5 wickets
Scorecard		 Lahore Qalandars
134/7 (20 overs)		 Babar Azam (Karachi Kings)
2021
Details		 Multan Sultans
206/4 (20 overs)		 47 runs
Scorecard		 Peshawar Zalmi
159/9 (20 overs)		 Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium, Abu Dhabi Sohaib Maqsood (Multan Sultans)
2022
Details		 Lahore Qalandars
180/5 (20 overs)		 42 runs
Scorecard		 Multan Sultans
138 (19.3 overs)		 Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore Mohammad Rizwan (Multan Sultans)
2023
Details		 Lahore Qalandars
200/6 (20 overs)		 1 run
Scorecard		 Multan Sultans
199/8 (20 overs) 		Ihsanullah (Multan Sultans)

Team results
Season
(No. of teams)		 2016
(5)		 2017
(5)		 2018
(6)		 2019
(6)		 2020
(6)		 2021
(6)		 2022
(6)		 2023
(6)
Hosts(s)
Teams
 UAE UAE
Pakistan		 UAE
Pakistan		 UAE
Pakistan		 Pakistan Pakistan
UAE		 Pakistan Pakistan
Islamabad United W PO W PO Grp PO PO PO
Karachi Kings PO PO PO PO W PO Grp Grp
Lahore Qalandars Grp Grp Grp Grp R Grp W W
Multan SultansTeam did not exist Grp Grp PO W R R
Peshawar Zalmi PO W R R PO R PO PO
Quetta Gladiators R R PO W Grp Grp Grp Grp
Notes
  • W: Winner;
  • R: Runner-up;
  • PO: Eliminated in the play-off stage
  • Grp: Eliminated in the group stage

Champions
Team Title(s) Runner-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up
Islamabad United 2 – 2016, 2018 –
Lahore Qalandars 2 1 2022, 2023 2020
Karachi Kings 1 – 2020 –
Multan Sultans 1 2 2021 2022, 2023
Peshawar Zalmi 1 3 2017 2018, 2019, 2021
Quetta Gladiators 1 2 2019 2016, 2017

Trophy

On 19 February 2020, the previous version of trophy for the league was unveiled by squash player Jahangir Khan alongside then PCB chairman Ehsan Mani at National Stadium, Karachi. The 65 centimetre long trophy weighing eight kilograms has a crescent and star with multi colored strips of enamel and was used in all events from the 2020 PSL to the 2022 PSL, with every year's winning team name engraved on it.[34][35]

The current version of the trophy, named Supernova, was unveiled on 9 February 2023.[36] This trophy has been in use since the 2023 edition of PSL. The trophy was entirely made in Pakistan[37][38] by Lahore-based Mahfooz Jewellers.[39]

Individual awards

The Hanif Mohammad award and a green cap are awarded to the leading run-scorer. It is an ongoing competition with the leading run-scorer wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap and receiving the award for the season. The Fazal Mahmood award and a maroon cap are awarded to the leading wicket-taker in the same way whilst the Imtiaz Ahmed award is awarded to the best wicket-keeper. All three awards were introduced in the second PSL season.[40][41]

Sponsorship

The PSL's initial title sponsorship was awarded to HBL Pakistan for 3 years in December 2015.[42] Sponsorship deals associated with the league including the title sponsorship, are estimated to be worth more than $6 million.[43] HBL later renewed their sponsorship for three more years.[44] In 2021, PCB announced that HBL retained the title sponsorship of the PSL for 4 more years until 2025.[45]

Title sponsor Period Sponsorship amount (per year) Ref.
HBL 2016–2018 PKR 54.4 crore (US$5.2 Million) [42]
2019–2021 PKR 214.8 crore (US$14.3 Million) [44]
2022–2025 PKR 391.7 crore (US$22.2 Million) [45]

Broadcasters

For the first three seasons (2016–2018) of the league, Sunset and Vine were awarded production rights as official producers, and PTV Sports HD, Ten Sports HD and Geo Super HD were awarded broadcast rights in Pakistan with the PCB selling the global television rights to Tech Front, a UAE group.[46] 4th, 5th and 6th seasons of the league was broadcast on PTV Sports HD and Geo Super HD in Pakistan. PSL sold its global television rights to Blitz Advertising for (2019–2021) period. It is believed to be closed to $36 million, a 358% increase from its previous deal. For the next three seasons (2019–2021) the production rights were sold to TransGroup International.[47][48] PSL local TV broadcast rights saw an increase of 50% for 2022–2023 period.[49] The PSL signed a two-year broadcast deal worth US$24 million[50] for the 7th and 8th season of the league with local sports channels PTV Sports HD and A Sports HD.[51][52] Later, Ten Sports HD also acquired the rights to broadcast.[53] For the next four seasons (2022–2025) PSL sold the production rights to TransGroup International as official global Broadcaster.[54]

List of broadcasters
Territory Years Channels and streaming services
Pakistan 2023
Australia 2023 Fox Cricket
Caribbean 2023 Flow Sports
Middle East and North Africa 2022–present
North America 2023 Willow TV
New Zealand 2023 Sky Sports
South Asia 2023 Sony Pictures Network
Sub-Saharan Africa 2023 SuperSport
United Kingdom 2022–present Sky Sports
Worldwide Internet Rights 2023
  • 106.2 FM (radio)
  • Facebook
  • ICC TV[55]
  • YouTube

Other media

Hamaray Heroes
Main article: HBL PSL Hamaray Heroes Award
HBL PSL Hamaray Heroes Award

The HBL PSL Hamaray Heroes campaign was introduced in the HBL PSL 2020 and received an overwhelming response as the initiative rewarded prominent Pakistanis like squash player Farhan Mehboob, founder of ACF Animal Rescue Ayesha Chundrigar, mountaineer Ali Sadpara and professional eSports player Arslan Ash. A total of 32 HBL PSL Hamaray Heroes Awards were handed out during the HBL PSL 2020.[56] The HBL PSL 2021, like the previous year, continued recognizing Pakistanis for their achievements till the PCB has postponed the remainder of its premier T20 events aimed the global COVID-19 pandemic. Acclaimed Pakistanis rewarded during HBL PSL 2021 under the banner of HBL PSL Hamaray Heroes were footballer Kaleemullah Khan, security researcher Rafay Baloch, karate player Kulsoom Hazara, and mountaineer Mirza Ali Baig among others.[57]

Cancer awareness

Since 2019, the league observes a day for breast cancer awareness with pink ribbon theme and a day for childhood cancer awareness with golden ribbon theme.[58][59]

See also

References
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