HD 80606 and HD 80607

HD 80606 and HD 80607 are two stars comprising a binary star system. They are approximately 217 light-years away in the constellation of Ursa Major. Both stars orbit each other at an average distance of 1,200 astronomical units. The binary system is listed as Struve 1341 in the Struve Catalogue of Double Stars; however, this designation is not in wide use and the system is usually referred to by the HD designations of its constituent stars. An extrasolar planet has been confirmed to orbit HD 80606 in a highly elliptical orbit.

HD 80606/7

The HD 80606/7 binary star system on GALEX sky survey
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Ursa Major
HD 80606
Right ascension 09h 22m 37.5769s[1]
Declination +50° 36′ 13.430″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +9.00[2]
HD 80607
Right ascension 09h 22m 39.7369s[3]
Declination +50° 36′ 13.945″[3]
Apparent magnitude (V) +9.090[4]
Characteristics
HD 80606
Spectral type G5[5]
B−V color index +0.765[5]
HD 80607
Spectral type G5[5]
B−V color index +0.828[5]
Astrometry
HD 80606
Radial velocity (Rv)3.6 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 55.933[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 10.340[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)15.0153 ± 0.0361 mas[1]
Distance217.2 ± 0.5 ly
(66.6 ± 0.2 pc)
HD 80607
Radial velocity (Rv)3.3 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 52.624 mas/yr
Dec.: 9.945 mas/yr
Parallax (π)15.0474 ± 0.0341 mas[3]
Distance216.8 ± 0.5 ly
(66.5 ± 0.2 pc)
Details
HD 80606
Surface gravity (log g)4.50 ± 0.20[6] cgs
Temperature5,645 ± 45[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.43 ± 0.06[6] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)0.9 ± 0.6[6] km/s
HD 80607
Surface gravity (log g)4.52 ± 0.15[6] cgs
Temperature5,555 ± 45[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.38 ± 0.06[6] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.4 ± 0.4[6] km/s
Other designations
BD+51°1500, CCDM J09226+5036, WDS J09226+5036, STF 1341
HD 80606: HIP 45982, SAO 27230
HD 80607: HIP 45983
Database references
SIMBADHD 80606
HD 80607

Planetary system
The orbital motion of HD 80606 b

The variable radial velocity of HD 80606 was first noticed in 1999 from observations with the 10-m Keck 1 telescope at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii by the G-Dwarf Planet Search, a survey of nearly 1,000 nearby G dwarfs to identify extrasolar planet candidates. The star was then followed up by the Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search team using the ELODIE spectrograph mounted on the 1.93-m telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory. The discovery of HD 80606 b was announced on April 4, 2001.[6][7] Its orbit is misaligned with the star's rotation at 53 degrees.[8][9] Additional studies using the Spitzer Space Telescope in the infrared, and the Very Large Array in the millimeter radio, have shown that the highly eccentric planet 'b' orbiting HD 80606 grazes the parent star at its closest passage to produce difficult-to-detect stellar lobing, severe 'space weather', aurorae and other non-thermal activity.[10][11][12]

At the time, its orbit was the most eccentric orbit of any extrasolar planet known.[note 1] It has an eccentricity of 0.9336,[5] comparable to that of Comet Halley in the Solar System. The eccentricity may be a result of the Kozai mechanism, which would occur if the planet's orbit is significantly inclined to that of the binary stars. This conclusion is reinforced by the detection of the misalignment, an expected result of the Kozai mechanism.[8]

In a simulation of a ten-million-year span, the planet "sweeps clean" most test particles within 1.75 AU of HD 80606. The 8:1 resonance hollows out another Kirkwood gap at 1.9 AU. There cannot be any habitable planets in this system. Also, observation has ruled out planets heavier than 0.7 Jupiter mass with a period of one year or less.[13]

The HD 80606 planetary system
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 4.0 ± 0.3[8] MJ 0.453 ± 0.015[8] 111.436 ± 0.003[8] 0.9336 ± 0.0002[5] 89.285 ± 0.023[5]° 0.987 ± 0.061[9] RJ

See also

References
  1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. Høg, E.; et al. (2000). "The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355: L27–L30. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
  3. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. Kharchenko, N. V.; et al. (2007). "Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ~55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations". Astronomische Nachrichten. 328 (9): 889. arXiv:0705.0878. Bibcode:2007AN....328..889K. doi:10.1002/asna.200710776. S2CID 119323941.
  5. Fossey, S. J.; et al. (2009). "Detection of a transit by the planetary companion of HD 80606". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 396 (1): L16–L20. arXiv:0902.4616. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.396L..16F. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00653.x. S2CID 2709427.
  6. Naef, D.; et al. (2001). "HD 80606 b, a planet on an extremely elongated orbit". Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters. 375 (2): L27–L30. arXiv:astro-ph/0106256. Bibcode:2001A&A...375L..27N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010853. S2CID 14433784.
  7. "Exoplanets: The Hunt Continues!" (Press release). Garching, Germany: European Southern Observatory. April 4, 2001. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  8. Moutou, C.; et al. (2009). "Photometric and spectroscopic detection of the primary transit of the 111-day-period planet HD 80606 b". Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters. 498 (1): L5–L8. arXiv:0902.4457. Bibcode:2009A&A...498L...5M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911954. S2CID 14625359.
  9. Roberts, Jessica E.; et al. (2013). "MOST Space Telescope Photometry of the 2010 January Transit of Extrasolar Planet HD80606b". The Astrophysical Journal. 762 (21). 55. arXiv:1212.0285. Bibcode:2013ApJ...762...55R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/55. S2CID 119251752.
  10. "Astronomers Observe Planet With Wild Temperature Swings". NASA. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  11. "Spitzer Watches Wild Weather on a Star-Skimming Planet". NASA. 28 January 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  12. Lazio, T. Joseph W; Shankland, P. D; Farrell, W. M; Blank, D. L (2010). "Radio Observations of Hd 80606 Near Planetary Periastron". The Astronomical Journal. 140 (6): 1929. arXiv:1010.5383. Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1929L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1929. S2CID 35918197.
  13. Wittenmyer, Robert A.; et al. (2007). "Dynamical and Observational Constraints on Additional Planets in Highly Eccentric Planetary Systems". The Astronomical Journal. 134 (3): 1276–1284. arXiv:0706.1962. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1276W. doi:10.1086/520880. S2CID 14345035.

Notes
  1. Since then, HD 20782 b has been found, with an eccentricity of 0.97.
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