Hachirō Arita
Hachirō Arita (有田 八郎, Arita Hachirō, 21 September 1884 – 4 March 1965) was a Japanese politician and diplomat who served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs for three terms. He coined the term Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which provided an official agenda for Imperial Japan's expansionism.[1]
Hachirō Arita | |
|---|---|
有田 八郎 | |
 Arita in 1936 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Empire of Japan | |
| In office March 1936 – February 1937 | |
| Preceded by | Kōki Hirota |
| Succeeded by | Senjūrō Hayashi |
| In office 29 October 1938 – 5 January 1939 | |
| Preceded by | Kazushige Ugaki |
| Succeeded by | Nobuyuki Abe |
| In office 16 January 1940 – 22 July 1940 | |
| Preceded by | Kichisaburō Nomura |
| Succeeded by | Yōsuke Matsuoka |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 21, 1884 Sado, Niigata, Empire of Japan |
| Died | March 4, 1965 (aged 80) Tokyo, Japan |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
Biography
Arita was born on the island of Sado in Niigata Prefecture. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after graduation in 1909 from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University, and established himself as an expert on Asian affairs. Arita was on the Japanese delegation to the Versailles Peace Treaty Conference of 1919, and in his early career also was stationed at the Japanese consulates in Mukden and in Honolulu. He served as Japanese ambassador to Austria in 1930. He returned to Japan to briefly serve as Vice Foreign Minister in 1932, but returned to Europe in 1933 as Japanese ambassador to Belgium.
Arita became Foreign Minister under the cabinet of Prime Minister Kōki Hirota in 1936, and continued to serve in that post under the administrations of Fumimaro Konoe and Kiichirō Hiranuma and Mitsumasa Yonai. He was also a member of the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan from 1938.
Arita was an opponent of the Tripartite Pact, and continually pushed for better relations with the United States. However, with the increasing power and influence of the military in Japanese politics, he was repeatedly forced to make compromises. From 1938 to 1940, he and Konoe worked together to create the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which deliberately outlined vague objectives for propaganda purposes. Arita emphasized on the economic aspects, at the behest of Yōsuke Matsuoka, whilst Konoe emphasized on pan-Asian unity. [2]
After the end of the war, Arita successfully ran for a seat in the House of Representatives in 1953. He attempted to run for the office of Governor of Tokyo in 1955 and again in 1959, but lost both elections. He died in 1965, and his grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Fuchū, Tokyo.
Private affairs
Arita was a well-known political figure and his adultery with the hostess of a Ginza nightclub was publicized by the novel Utage no ato (宴のあと, After the Banquet) by Yukio Mishima. After its publication in 1960, Arita sued Mishima for invasion of privacy. The Tokyo District Court ruled in favor of Arita in 1963, marking the first time the right to privacy of a public figure had been recognized by a Japanese court.
References
- Colegrove, Kenneth (1941). "The New Order in East Asia". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 1 (1) – via JSTOR.
- Colegrove, Kenneth (1941). "The New Order in East Asia". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 1 (1) – via JSTOR.
Books
- Bix, Herbert P. (2001). Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-093130-2.
- Pyle, Kenneth B. (2007). Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power And Purpose. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-417-0.
- Beasley, W.G. (2007). The Rise of Modern Japan, 3rd Edition: Political, Economic, and Social Change since 1850. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23373-0.
External links
