Haffkine Institute

The Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing is located in Parel in Mumbai (Bombay), India. It was established on 10 August 1899 by Dr. Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, as a bacteriology research centre called the "Plague Research Laboratory".[1] It now offers various basic and applied bio-medical science services. The Institute opened a museum on its premises in March 2014 to showcase Haffkine's research and developments in microbiology and chart the history of the institute.[2] The Institute received ISO 9001:2008 certification in 2012.[3]

The Institute now serves as a teaching institution in the field of biomedical sciences and is affiliated to the University of Mumbai for M.Sc (Microbiology, Applied Biology and Organic Chemistry), Ph.D. (Microbiology) and M.D (P.S.M.) degree programs. In addition, the Institute undertakes specialized testing assignments and projects for pharmaceutical and other health-related products. The Institute conducts research in the improvement of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, surveillance and microbiological analysis of typhoid, prevalence of drug resistance in bacteria, studies of infections occurring in AIDS patients, and the development of newer chemotherapeutic agents to combat microbial and zoonotic infections.[3]

History

Dr. Waldemar Haffkine, an orthodox Jewish Russian (born: Odessa, Russian Empire) scientist assigned by the Pasteur Institute to work in India,[4] is recognized as the microbiologist who first developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. In October 1896, an epidemic of bubonic plague struck Bombay (now Mumbai) and the government asked Haffkine to help.[5] He embarked upon the development of a vaccine in a makeshift laboratory in a corridor of Grant Medical College. In three months of persistent work (one of his assistants experienced a nervous breakdown, two others quit), a form of vaccine was ready for human trials. On 10 January 1897,[1] Haffkine tested it on himself. The vaccines that Haffkine prepared had remarkable results.

Frederick Percival Mackie served as director from 1923–31.[6][7]

Sans Pareil

Sans Pareil was once the official residence of the governor of Bombay. This mansion, which was originally a Jesuit chapel, was built as part of the Jesuit monastery on Parel Island[8] in 1673.[1] William Hornby (1771–1784) was the first governor to take up residence at the mansion.[9] The governor's residence moved to its present site on Malabar Hill in 1883 and the property was used by the Bombay Presidency Recorders. Haffkine moved into the building to set up the "Plague Research Laboratory" in 1899, the laboratory being formally opened by the then governor of Bombay, Lord Sandhurst.[10] The Institute was renamed "Bombay Bacteriology Laboratory" in 1906 and finally as "Haffkine Institute" in 1925.

References
  1. "History". Haffkine Institute. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  2. "Museum of Maladies and their miracles". Mumbai Mirror. 6 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  3. "From Directors Desk". Haffkine Institute. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  4. Hanhart, Joel (2017). Un illustre inconnu (in French). Paris: Lichma. ISBN 978-2-912553-84-3.
  5. Hanhart, Joel (2016). Waldemar Mordekhaï Haffkine (1860-1930). Biographie intellectuelle (in French). Paris: Éditions Honoré Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-3074-1.
  6. Brown, G H (1944). "Frederick Percival Mackie". RCP Museum. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  7. "FREDERIC PERCIVAL MACKIE, C.S.I., O.B.E., M.D., M.Sc., D.P.H. (Bristol), F.R.C.S." (PDF). S2CID 36776193. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  8. Gillian Tindall (1992). City of Gold: The Biography of Bombay. Penguin Books India. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-14-009500-5.
  9. "The History of Raj Bhavan, Mumbai". Raj Bhavan Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  10. Debi Prasad Chattopadhyaya (1999). History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization: pt. 1. Science, technology, imperialism and war. Pearson Education India. pp. 556–. ISBN 9788131728185.

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