Haman Formation

The Haman Formation (Korean: 함안층; Hanja: 咸安層; RR: Ham-an-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the Albian, with an estimated maximum depositional age of 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma.[1] The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinosaurs,[2][3] pterosaurs and birds.[4][5][6] It overlies the Silla Conglomerate which overlies the Chilgok Formation. It is laterally equivalent to the Sagog Formation.[7]

Haman Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian
~
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofHayang Group
UnderliesJindong & Banyawol Formations
OverliesSilla Conglomerate, Hagbong volcanics
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherSiltstone, shale
Location
Coordinates35.8°N 128.8°E / 35.8; 128.8
Approximate paleocoordinates44.4°N 125.2°E / 44.4; 125.2
RegionGyeongsangnam-do
Country South Korea
ExtentGyeongsang Basin
Haman Formation is located in South Korea
Haman Formation
Haman Formation (South Korea)

Vertebrate paleofauna

Fossil pterosaur, theropod, sauropod and ornithopod tracks have been recovered from this formation. Some dinosaur tracks show signs of display behavior. Dinosaur skin impressions have also been found in this formation.[8]

Ichnofossils
Ichnofossils of the Haman Formation
Ichnogenus Ichnospecies Region[8] Member Material Notes Image
Pteraichnus[9] P. isp. Namhae Pterosaur track, showing swimming traces.[8] Haman specimens housed at Korea National University of Education, Cheongwongun, South Korea.[9]
Dromaeosauripus D. hamanensis[3] Namhae Dromaeosaur track, belonging to a 70 cm (28 in) tall individual.
Neosauroides[10] N. koreanensis Lizard trackway
Koreanornis K. hamanensis Haman and Jinju Bird track; the first vetebrate ichnotaxon reported from South Korea.[11]
Caririchnium C. isp. Juvenile ornithopod tracks, belonging to either derived iguanodonts or basal hadrosauroids. The trackmakers' hip heights are estimated between 76.4 and 102.1 cm (30.1 and 40.2 in).[11]
Minisauripus M. isp.[12] Namhae One of the smallest known theropod tracks.
Ignotornis[4][5]
  • I. yangi
  • I. gajinensis
 Namhae (I. yangi) and Jinju (I. gajinensis) The oldest known web-footed bird tracks. I. gajinensis shows feeding traces.[8]
Brontopodus[2]
  • B. pentadactylus
  • B. birdi
 Jinju (B. pentadactylus) and Namhae (B. birdi) Sauropod tracks[8]
Batrachopus B. cf. grandis[13] Namhae Bipedal crocodylomorph tracks belonging to a 4.68 m (15.4 ft) long individual. Originally assigned to pterosaur trackway ichnotaxon Haenamichnus gainensis.
Grallator Theropod track

See also

References
  1. Lee, Tae-Ho; Park, Kye-Hun; Yi, Keewook (October 2018). "Nature and evolution of the Cretaceous basins in the eastern margin of Eurasia: A case study of the Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 166: 19–31. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.004. S2CID 135061525.
  2. Kim, Jeong Yul; Lockley, Martin G. (January 2012). "New Sauropod Tracks (Brontopodus pentadactylus ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of Jinju Area, Korea: Implications for Sauropods Manus Morphology". Ichnos. 19 (1–2): 84–92. doi:10.1080/10420940.2012.664056. ISSN 1042-0940. S2CID 129209272.
  3. Kim, Jeong Yul; Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Yang, Seong Young; Seo, Seung Jo; Choi, Hyun Il; Lim, Jong Deock (May 2008). "New didactyl dinosaur footprints (Dromaeosauripus hamanensis ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation, south coast of Korea". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 262 (1–2): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.02.003.
  4. Kim, Jeong Yul; Kim, Sam Hyang; Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin (February 2006). "The oldest record of webbed bird and pterosaur tracks from South Korea (Cretaceous Haman Formation, Changseon and Sinsu Islands): More evidence of high avian diversity in East Asia". Cretaceous Research. 27 (1): 56–69. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.10.005.
  5. Kim, Jeong Yul; Lockley, Martin G.; Seo, Seung Jo; Kim, Kyung Soo; Kim, Sam Hyang; Baek, Kwang Seok (January 2012). "A Paradise of Mesozoic Birds: The World's Richest and Most Diverse Cretaceous Bird Track Assemblage from the Early Cretaceous Haman Formation of the Gajin Tracksite, Jinju, Korea". Ichnos. 19 (1–2): 28–42. doi:10.1080/10420940.2012.660414. ISSN 1042-0940. S2CID 129787299.
  6. Falk, A. R.; Hasiotis, S. T.; Martin, L. D. (2010-11-01). "Feeding Traces Associated with Bird Tracks from the Lower Cretaceous Haman Formation, Republic of Korea". PALAIOS. 25 (11): 730–741. doi:10.2110/palo.2010.p10-057r. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 128765843.
  7. Lee, J. I.; Lee, Y. I. (2000-01-01). "Provenance of the Lower Cretaceous Hayang Group, Gyeongsang Basin, Southeastern Korea: Implications for Continental-Arc Volcanism". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 70 (1): 151–158. doi:10.1306/2DC40906-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D. ISSN 1527-1404.
  8. Kim, Jeong Yul; Huh, Min (2018). Dinosaurs, Birds, and Pterosaurs of Korea: A Paradise of Mesozoic Vertebrates (PDF). Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-10-6998-7.
  9. Lockley, M.; Harris, J.D.; and Mitchell, L. 2008. "A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time." Zitteliana. B28. p. 187-198. ISSN 1612-4138.
  10. Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Pinuela, Laura; Xing, Lida; Moon, Hae Won (2017). "First report of lacertiform (lizard) tracks from the Cretaceous of Asia". Cretaceous Research. 69: 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.08.013.
  11. Yoon, Han Sang; Lee, Yuong-Nam; Jung, Seung-Ho; Kong, Dal-Yong; Kim, Su-Hwan; Son, Minyoung (2021). "A juvenile ornithopod-dominated tracksite from the Lower Cretaceous Haman Formation, South Korea" (PDF). Cretaceous Research. 125: 104877. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104877.
  12. Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Xing, Lida (2019). "Exquisitely-preserved, high-definition skin traces in diminutive theropod tracks from the Cretaceous of Korea". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 2039. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38633-4. PMC 6375998. PMID 30765802. S2CID 61810959.
  13. Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Bae, Seul Mi; Romilio, Anthony (2020-06-11). "Trackway evidence for large bipedal crocodylomorphs from the Cretaceous of Korea". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 8680. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.8680K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66008-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7289791. PMID 32528068.
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